[Entered according to Act of Congress, In the year 1882, by the Rural New-Yorker, In the office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington.] 
farm Copies, 
BONANZA SERIES-NO. 5. 
Harrowing. 
After the proper preparation of the ground 
and the equable distribution of the seed, every 
farmer is cognizant of the fact that the har¬ 
rowing or covering process ranks next in im¬ 
portance, and demands careful attention. 
Lumps of earth must be pulverized to make 
the space they occupy productive, to pre¬ 
vent their washing, covering and choking 
the tender growing blades, ami to secure a 
that devotes any space or attention to farm¬ 
ing interests, should strive to impress upon 
their readers the importance of thorough work 
in harrowing in the seed; and then eradicate 
the false idea that any kind of a barrow, used 
in ever so indifferent a manner, is all-sufficient, 
provided only that the seed is hidden from 
view. 
Mr. Dalrymple has in use about l.Ti pairs of 
steel pointed, hollow-teeth harrows, made up¬ 
on the Scotch principle. One pair of harrows 
follows each seeder, going over the ground 
from one to five times, according to the con¬ 
dition of the soil, until it is well pulverized, the 
seed evenly covered and the surface reasona¬ 
bly smooth. The rainfall of this country— 
wages paid during the seeding season, as we 
stated in our last, is $20 per month, together 
with board and lodging. Estimated as a dis¬ 
tinct class of labor in putting in a crop, the 
harrowing costs about 45 cents per acre, sub¬ 
ject to the discount before named of 35 per 
cent, where parties own their teams and 
machinery and manage their own iutar- 
ests. 
With this letter we have completed the 
routine of duty involved in what is termed 
“putting in” a crop, and the methods adopted 
by the great Bonanza farmer, Mr. Dalrymple, 
and with it we urge the admonition upon our 
readers to glean from the careful perusal of 
these letters something more than the gratifi¬ 
Successful farming Is a science, and study 
is as necessary to success as labor. 
— ♦ ♦ ♦--— 
VALUE OF FOOD NUTRIENTS. 
PROF. E. W. STEWART. 
On page 39 of the present volume of the 
Rural, J. W. Sanborn discusses the above 
topic, and takes decided exception to the C4er- 
man system of food valuations, and thence to 
my short table founded upon it, given on page 
795 of the last volume. I was glad to find an 
earnest, practical experimenter discussing 
this very important topic connected with feed¬ 
ing animals. And since he was so much in 
smooth, level surface for the harvester. The 
grain must be evenly covered at a uniform 
depth to insure a good stand, healthy growth 
and even maturity, atul to prevent exposure 
and destruction of a portion of the seed, or the 
choking of parts of the growing crop from the 
ranker growth of its surroundings. Every 
agricultural journal, and the press at large 
BONANZA FARMING-HARROWING. 
which comes in June and July, during the 
growing season—owing to such thorough, 
careful work, brings forward a crop which is 
thrifty and as even as a carpet. It is this 
which has contributed largely to the success 
which enabled Mr. Dalrymple to say, “ We 
have had no failure in the last six years—the 
entire time since opening our farms.” The 
(Drawn From a Photograph.) Fig. Go. 
cation of their curiosity—the reward which 
care and intelligent thought in every depart¬ 
ment of farming assure over those who esteem 
plowing, seeding and harrowing as simply 
mechanical operations devoid of any demand 
for careful attention, and who seem to think 
that dirty wheat or oats will produce an av¬ 
erage yield of clean, plump, marketable grain. 
earnest in dissenting from the Geiman stand¬ 
ard of valuation, it was but reasonable to 
hope that he could suggest a better one. But 
he did not seem to be prepared to suggest any 
substitute. I examined these German tables 
when first published iu this country, with a 
good deal of interest; and, in the course of 
many feeding experiments, put them into 
