WITH SUPPLEMENT. 
Vol XLI. No. 1677. NEW YORK, MARCH 18, 1882. 
[Entered according to Act of Congresa, to the year 1882, by the Rural New-Yorker. In the office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington. 1 
PRICE FIVE CENTS, 
$2,00 PER YEAR, 
e l^cri)sman. 
OUR ANIMAL PORTRAITS. 
This week we present to our readers a por¬ 
trait of the premium Jersey cow Fanny 
Stanard, 5,015, alight arenm fawn; dropped 
April 10, 1870: sire, Priam 01; dam, Eva 155 
She and her daughter, Martha of Roxbury, 
(5,010) have alternately taken the first and 
second premiums at the Virginia State Fair 
for three years in succession in spite of a severe 
competition with herds owned in Virginia and 
the neighboring States. She is of the noted 
Jersey strain of the late W, C Wilson, of 
Maryland, and is one of the foundation stock 
of the Jersey herd of the Messrs. Rowe’s Co¬ 
operative Stock Farm, Fredericksburgh, Vir¬ 
ginia. 
-- 
NOTES BY A STOCKMAN. 
American breeds of animals will no doubt 
We have the best Merino sheep In the world ; 
several kinds of pigs that cannot be beaten 
am wh re ; several kinds of superior fowls, 
for the Light Brahma and the Plymouth 
Rocks are both natives. We have the Hold- 
erness cattle, of Solsville, N. Y ; the James¬ 
town cattle of Massachusetts; our unique 
trotting horses which well deserve the name 
of a breed although their ancestry is some¬ 
what mixed ; we have a class of Jerseys that 
are as distinct from the original race and as 
much better as our Merinos are better than 
the ancient Paular Infantado and Negretti 
sheep from Spain. But we have not as yet 
gone into the business of making breeds in 
the old-fashioned way, nor shall we while 
the currents flow, eddv and whirl about over 
the whole continent as they now do. 
Breeds are built up under local influences. 
Consider the great variety of very distinct 
breeds of cattle existing in European coun¬ 
tries. In a territory, on the whole, much less 
in space than ours, there are more than 
there is the Ayrshire. Crossing Scotland a few 
miles, there are the Polled Aberdeen or Angus, 
the Polled Galloway and the West Highland: 
all distinct breeds existing in a country about 
as large as Connecticut. Going south to Eng¬ 
land, there are the white Chillingham cattle 
the Short-horns, Herefords, Longhorns, Polled 
Norfolk, Sussex, Devons ; and going into the 
little Principality of Wales l here is the Gla¬ 
morgan breed—all these in a country that 
might be put into our Labe Superior and 
sailed around by ail •* the Queen’s navee.” 
Going over to Europe, we find the Alderney 
the Jersey and Guernsey, and the Channel 
Islands. In France, Holland and every other 
country we And the same thing. 1 * But when 
we come to search out the causes which have 
produced these local breeds, we find condi¬ 
tions which have now passed away and will 
not return—local customs, peculiarities and 
requirements and difficulties of communica¬ 
tion, not to speak of jealousies and ignorance 
of what one or another has been doing. 
And these conditions have never existed and 
never will exist here; consequently we can 
What a bugbear this matter of inbreeding 
is and how people, clever, sensible persons, get 
befogged about it. Whisky is a good thing— 
sometimes—no doubt. But no one recom¬ 
mends people to make a steady drink of it. 
Just so inbreeding is an excellent thing in its 
place, to serve a purpose temporarily, but not 
for every-day use. But when it is mentioned 
some persons are apt to “fly off the handle” and 
fancy that it is intended as the foundation 
and basis of all breeding. Now it is very cer¬ 
tain that if one wants to fix a special charac- 
teristienpon a herd he must breed them closely. 
But when his end is attained, there is no oc¬ 
casion any longer to use the method which 
has been needed so far. When one can walk, 
the go-cart of the child can be put aside, but he 
should not forget how much he was helped by 
it when able only to creep without it. 
All this was made very apparent at the 
recent Dairymen’s Convention at Syracuse in 
the discussion on breeding dairy cattle. One 
speaker said that in-breeding would send all 
our dairy herds “to the bow-wows;” others 
til 
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JERSEY COW, FANNY STANARD—FROM A PHOTOGRAPH — Fig. 86. 
be plentiful in time, if time is given for their 
production. We have made an excellent be¬ 
ginning and would do better if the fashion 
or craze for importations were abandoned. 
a hundred of these. Let us begin with Ire¬ 
land. There is the Kerry breed, a perfectly 
distinct race confined to a locality not so large 
uLong Island. Crossing 20 miles of water, 
never have so many varieties: but we may hav e 
a few specially adapted for special uses for 
which the fittest will survive. We are doing 
very well, however. 
thought no strong prepotent influence to per¬ 
petuate excellent points could be secured, 
and no excellent points could be cultivated and 
fixed, without it. How strange that persona 
