222 
cation in good faith, and not for the purpose 
of speculation, or directly or indirectly for 
the use or benefit of any person or persons 
whomsoever; that I intend to hold and culti¬ 
vate the land, and to fully comply with the 
provisions of this said act;'and that 1 have 
not heretofore made an entry under this act, 
• or the acts of which this is amendatory. And 
upon filing: said affidavit with said Register 
and said Receiver, and on payment of $ 10, if 
the tract applied for is more than 80 acres, 
and $5 if it is 80 acres or less, he or she shall 
thereupon be permitted to enter the quantity 
of land specified; and the party making an 
entry of a quarter-section under the provis¬ 
ions of this act shrill be required to break or 
plow five acres covered thereby the first year, 
five acres the second year, and to cultivate 
to crop or otherwise the remaining five 
acres broken or plowed the first year; the 
third year he or she shall cultivate to crop or 
otherwise the five acres broken the second 
S ear, and to plant in timber, seeds or cuttings 
le five acres first broken or plowed, and to 
cultivate and put in crop or otherwise the re¬ 
maining five acres, and the fourth year to 
plant in timber, seeds or cuttings the remain¬ 
ing five acres. All entries of lees, quantity 
than one quarter-section shall be plowea, 
planted, cultivated aud planted to trees, tree 
seeds or cuttings, in the .same manner and in 
the same proportion as hereinbefore provided 
for a quarter-section: Provided, however, That 
ui case such trees, seeds or cuttings shall be 
destroyed by grasshoppers, or by extreme and 
unusual drought, for any term of years, the 
““*® for planting such trees, seeds or cuttings 
shall lie extended one year for every such 
year that they are so destroyed: Provided, 
further, That the person making such entry 
shall, before be or she shall (>- entitled to such 
extension ol time, file with the Register and 
tiie Receiver of the proper land-office an affi¬ 
davit, corroborated by two witnesses, set¬ 
ting forth the destruction of such trees, and 
that, in consequence of such destruction, he 
or she is compelled to ask an exten¬ 
sion of time, in accordance with the pro¬ 
visions of this act: And provided further , 
That no final certificate shall be given, or pat¬ 
ent issued, for the laud so entered, until the 
expiration of eight years from the date of 
such entry; and if, at the expiration of such 
time, or at any time within five years there¬ 
after, the person making such entry, or, if he 
or she be dead, his or her heirs or legal repre¬ 
sentatives, shall prove by two credible wit¬ 
nesses that he or she or they have planted, 
and, tor not less thaD eight years, have culti¬ 
vated and protected such quantity and char- 
of trees as aforesaid; that not less than 
i OJ trees were planted on each acre, and that 
at the time of making such proof there shall be 
then growing at least 673 living and thrifty 
trees to each acre, they shall receive a patent 
*or such tract of land. 
Sec. 6. That if at any time after the filing 
of said affidavit, and prior to the issuing of 
the patent for said land, the claimant shall 
* i-° C0111 > >1 y w fth any of the requirements 
of tins act, then and in that event such other 
land shall be subject to entry under the home¬ 
stead laws, or by some other person under the 
provisions of this act: Provided, That the 
party making claim to said loud, either as a 
homestead settler or under this uct, shall 
give, at the time of filing his application, 
such notice to the original claimant as shall be 
prescribed by the rules established by the Com¬ 
missioner of the General Laud Office; aud the 
rights of the parties shall be determined as i 
other contested cases. 
m 
Sec. 4. That no land acquired under the 
provisions of this act shall, in any event, be¬ 
come liable to the satisfaction of any debt . .... 
* Smi " S I?” 115 , Up ° n * mere T“" ot mrs <» 
the matter. As pointed out in our u Agricul- 
Louis corn delivered here should, of course, be 
still higher than Chicago corn. From a com 
parison of the above-named prices at the vari¬ 
ous centers, however, it is very evident that 
prices of corn at the seaboard do not regulate 
prices in the interior—and why should they ? 
In the case of wheat, we export an enormous 
surplus, and the price of that cereal at the 
ports of exportation naturally have a para¬ 
mount influence on its price in all other parts 
of the country w hence some of the exportable 
surplus converges to those ports; but in the 
case of corn the surplus exported is a mere 
trifle in comparison with the aggregate pro¬ 
duction. For instance, according to the reg¬ 
ular report of the Department of Agriculture’s 
estimates, the wheat crop of ISSOwas 498,000,- 
000 bushels, valued at $474,201,850, and the corn 
crop, 1,717,434,343 bushels, valued at $679,- 
714,499; still, according to the Report of the 
Treasury Bureau of Statistics, our exports of 
w heat for the year ending June 30,1881 (there¬ 
fore exports of the crop of 18801, amounted in 
value to $167,698,485 for wheat, and $45,047,- 
257 for wheat flour, or a total of $212,745,742 
for wheat; while our exports of Indian corn 
were worth only $50,702,669, aud of Indian- 
com meal $1,270,200, or a total of only $51,- 
972,869. Owing to corrections based upon the 
census returns of the crops of 1879, a supple¬ 
mentary report of the the Department of Ag¬ 
riculture puts the corn crop of 1880 at 1,731,- 
762,319 bushels, with a corresponding increase 
in price, thus still further widening the differ¬ 
ence. From these figures it will be seen that 
the price of corn in this country, as a whole, 
is regulated by the home demand, and in the 
various sections it is to a great extent regula¬ 
ted by local demand. Of course, if from any 
ceuse, such as the failure of growing crops, or 
the destruction of harvested crops by floods, 
etc., there should occur a special scarcity in 
any part of the country, causing a rise in 
price, this rise will be kept down within mod¬ 
erate limits by the inrush of the surplus pro¬ 
duct of more fortunate sections. This import¬ 
ed product should be sold for the ordinary 
price of the home-raised product, with the ad¬ 
dition of the freightage and a moderate pay¬ 
ment for the capital and enterprise embarked 
in the transaction; and. as a rule, this is the 
case. Now and then during the year, corn, 
like nearly ever}' other agricultural product, 
obtains a fictitiously high or low value—a 
value not regulated by its real worth depend¬ 
ing on the relation of legitimate supply and 
demand—through the operations of specula¬ 
tor's: either “ bulls,’’ who toss up the price un¬ 
duly, or “ bears” who drag it down. As these 
operations, however, take place chiefly after 
the crops have been marketed by farmers, the 
speculator's themselves are the chief losers or 
gainers by the outcome of the transactions. 
With regard to the price of corn next Sum¬ 
mer, we must decline to prophecy. A man 
who could predict this with certainty would 
find dealing in grain much more profitable 
than journalism; and we do not wish our 
uted freely by rain. Soluble phosphoric acid 
means phosphoric acid or phosphates that are 
freely soluble in water. It is the characteris¬ 
tic iugredient of superphosphates in which it 
is produced by acting on “ insoluble”or “re¬ 
verted ” phosphates with sulphuric acid—oil 
of vitriol. It is readily taken up by plants 
and is freely distributed throughout the soil 
by rain so that the feeding roots and rootlets 
can the more easily find it. When once it has 
become well incorporated with the soil it soon 
becomes “ reverted ” phosphoric acid. Potash 
is the valuable ingredient in “ potashes ” and 
“ pota-h salts.” It. is most costly in the form 
of sulphate, and cheapest in the shape of mu¬ 
riate or chloride of potash. This information, 
intended to make the following table clear to 
all, is condensed from Professor S. W. John¬ 
son’s Annual Report of the Connecticut Expe- 
rimont Station for 1S81. The Bulletiu of the 
Station dated March S, 1882, says that for 1SS2 
the following revised trade values will be em¬ 
ployed in Massachusetts, New Jersey and Ck n- 
necticut, for comparing fertilizers. These 
values are deduced from the ruling market 
prices. The values used during 1881 are given 
for comparison:— 
1881. 18S2. 
Cents per n>. 
Sec. 5. That the Commissioner of the Gen¬ 
eral Land Office is hereby required to prepare 
and issue such rules and regulations, consist¬ 
ent with this act, as shall be necessary and 
proper to carry its provisions into effect'; and 
that the Registers and Receivers of the sev¬ 
eral land offices shall each be entitled to re¬ 
ceive $2 at the time of entry and the like sum 
when the claim is fully established and the 
final certificate issued. 
^at the fifth section of the act enti- 
tlM An A ct j q addition to an act to punish 
crimes against the United States, and for other 
purposes,’’approved March 3, 1S57, shall ex¬ 
tend to all oaths, affirmations and affidavits 
required or authorized by this act. 
Skc. 7. That parties who have already made 
entries under the acts approved March 3, 1873 
and March 13, 1874, of which this is amenda¬ 
tory, shall be permitted to complete the same 
upon full compliance with the provisions of 
this act; that is, they shall, at the time of 
making their final proof, have had under cul- 
as n *l l ! iretl b} r this act, an amount 
oi timber sufficient to make the number of 
acres required by this act. 
Sec. 8. All acta and parts of acts in conflict 
with this act are hereby repealed. 
PRICES OF CORN. 
S. E. N., Hooker's Station, Ohio. —Why is 
com only so very little higher just now at the 
Fast than it is at the West, and how are the 
prices of com likely to run next Summer ? 
Ans. —Yesterday (March 20) corn for cash 
was worth, in this city, 73^@7Ge. per bushel; I 
in Cincinnati, 68X<g.68^c.; in Toledo, 
72c.; in Louisville, 71@72c.; in Detroit, 70c.; 
in Milwaukee, 64@64><c.; in Chicago, G0&@ 
G.j^c. ; in St. Louis, G6@66t^c. The regular 
freight rates on grain from Chicago on that 
day were, to New York, 25c. per-100 pouuds; to 
Boston; Sue.; to Philadelphia, 23c.; to Balti¬ 
more, 22c. Doubtless grain was earned consid¬ 
erably below these figures on special contracts. 
Add freight from Chicago to price of corn at 
Chicago, and the price of Chicago corn deliv¬ 
ered here ought to have been As 
the freight rate from St. Louis is higher than 
that from Chicago, and the price of com in 
St. Louis is higher than at Chicago, St. 
tural News ” of February 25, the com crop of 
last year was 31 per cent., or 536,646,319 bush¬ 
els, less than that of the previous year. All 
reports from the great corn-growing States 
concur in the opinion that the amount of com 
in the hands of the producers is unusually 
small, the “visible supply,” as shown in our 
Agricultural News ” last week, is remarka¬ 
bly low. As shown in the same place, com 
had gone up in all the chief markets during 
the week and the tendency was still upward. 
From these facts our intelligent inquirer can 
infer what the future price of corn is likely to 
be just as well as we can. We shall continue, 
in our “ Agricultural News ” and editorial 
page, to'give all the principal facts that are 
likely to influence the price of com and other 
farm products, and from these collected facts 
our readers must draw their own conclusions 
as to the future prices of the various products. 
TRADF. VALUES OF CHIEF FERTILIZER INGRE¬ 
DIENTS. 
J. E. Du B„ Waverly, N. Y .—What is the 
value per pound of the ammonia, phosphoric 
acid and potash contained in commercial fer¬ 
tilizers, or, rather, what valuation is placed 
upon them at the Experiment Stations in cal¬ 
culating the comparative worth of the differ¬ 
ent brands of fertilizers ? 
Ans.—A mmonia occurs in commerce 
sulphate of ammonia, and nitric acid 
nitrate of soda. Seventeen parts of 
monia, or 66 parts of pure sulphate of 
ammonia, contain 14 parts of nitrogen; 
while 85 parts of pure nitrate of soda alto 
contain 14 parts of nitrogen. Insoluble 
phosphoric acid means phosphates not freely 
soluble in water; reverted phosphoric acid 
strictly means phosphoric acid that was once 
freely soluble in water, but which from chem¬ 
ical change has become insoluble in it. In 
tables of value the term implies phosphates 
that are readily assimilated Ly plants, but 
which have generally less value than soluble 
phosphoric acids, because they are not disti ib- 
Nitrogen in nitrates. 
26 
26 
<( 
in ammonia salts. 
2234 
29 
It 
in Peruvian Guano, fine steamed 
bone, dried and flue ground 
blood, meat and flsb, super- 
phosphates aud special ma- 
nures. 
20 
24 
in coarse or moist blood, meat or 
tankage, in cotton seed lln- 
seed and castor pomace. 
16 
18 
in line ground bone, horn and 
wood dust. 
15 
17 
II 
in fine medium bone. 
14 
15 
II 
in medium bone... 
13 
14 
II 
In coarse medium bone. 
12 
18 
II 
in coarse bone, born shavings, 
hair and flsh scrap.. 
11 
11 
Pliosphorle acid, soluble in water. 
1234 
1234 
II 
" "reverted " and in Pcruvi- 
an Guano. 
9 
9 
II 
" insoluble, in tine bone, flsh 
gtiano aud superplios- 
phates. 
t 
e 
M 
" insoluble iu line medium 
bone. 
534 
534 
“ insoluble in medium bone 
5 
5 
II 
“ insoluble in coarse medi- 
nm bone. 
<34 
434 
“ insoluble in coarse bone, 
bone asb and bone black, 
4 
4 
II 
“ in fine ground rock pbos- 
phate. 
Ski 
3 
Potash in high grade sulphate. 
734 
7 
II 
in low grade sulphate and kaintte.. 
534 
S 
•4 
in muriate or potassium chloride... 
434 
5 
m 
i in 
am- 
THE SNOWY CRICKET ON PEACH TREES. 
T. R. W., Roselle, N. J., sends a f6w slips 
cut from four-year-old peach trees, which 
have been stung and otherwise injured by 
some insect, and he asks the name of the pest 
and how to treat the injured trees. 
ANSWERED BY PRESIDENT T. T. LYON. 
The difficulty spoken of as shown by the 
specimens sent, is a very common one, not 
peculiar to any particular varieties of the 
peach, or indeed to any one class of fruits. 
Few observing growers of fruits will have 
failed to observe the same upon peach, pear, 
plum, apple, and especially raspberries, and, 
(if I mistake not) upon blackberries and cur¬ 
rants also. This cricket, in common with 
many others, is armed with a very effective 
boring apparatus, w hich enables the female to 
readily puncture the wood, and deposit her 
eggs at the bottom of the puncture; which it 
generally does, close together, in rows running 
lengthwise of the branch. This, so far as I 
have observed, is alwaj s done in young shoots 
of the current year’s growth. The eggs hatch 
with the advent of mild weather the next 
Spring. The process, although quite common, 
is rarely enough so to become troublesome, 
beyond the circumstance that the shoots 
usually—not always—die back below the 
wound: and that the insect doeB not always 
select in harmony with the ownei’s ideas of 
pruning. The damage is usually done late in 
the season, and upon young shoots clothed 
with foilage, rendering the application of a 
wash difficult and even dangerous, since, if 
strong enough to repel the insect, it would, 
very probably, be found injurious also to the 
foliage. The multiplicity of shoots on older 
trees, renders the injury scarcely observable 
upon them, and hence of little moment. As 
a means of aiding in the better understanding 
of the whole matter, I forwarded some of the 
twigs to Professor Cook, of Michigan State 
Agricultural college, who responds with the 
following description of the insect in question. 
“The eggs are from the Snowy Cricket— 
CFcanthus niveus. This is not only our most 
beautiful cricket but one of the handsomest of 
our insects. I often take it on the sugar as I 
trap for moths in the evenings of Summer. It 
does no3 damage except in the work of egg- 
laying, when it often does serious damage by 
its unskillful pruning. It cuts all our fruit 
trees, and in our own State has done seri¬ 
ous damage, especially to the raspberries and 
the peach tw igs. It lias a w ide range, as it 
scars the fruit trees and shrubs from New 
England to Missouri. The cricket is white, 
with a delicate greenish tinge, and lays its 
curved eggs in the plants. Every observing 
pomologist knows how badly the branches ar& 
cut and disfigured by the operation. The 
only remedy is to cut the mutilated twigs and 
burn them early in the Spring before the eggs 
hatch. In this way the destruction may in. 
part be cut short for the succeeding season." 
THE BEST CATTLE FOR BEEF AND 11 ILK, 
J. H. P., Jewell City, Kansas: What strain,, 
breed or cross of cattle possesses the best beef 
and milk-producing qualities ? 
Ans.— The best breed of cattle for combined 
beef and milk purposes, is unquestionably the 
Short-horn, but we must take the precaution 
to select such as come from what is called the 
milking families. The cows of this class give 
very large messes of milk, excellent for cheese 
or butter. When aged and no longer w anted 
for the dairy, they can be dried off, put on to 
good feed and will then fatten very rapidly, 
and make choice beef. The steers bred from 
these cows, when properly fed, attain great 
weights at two to two-and-a half-years old, and 
may be fully matured at three to four years 
old. They turn out first-quality beef, which 
brings the highest price both in the home and 
foreign markets. These great milking cows 
must never be turned out to nm with their 
calves, unless they are milked clean by hand 
night and morning; for till the calf attains two 
to three months of age, it cannot take all it* 
dam’s milk, and in consequence of this, it 
keeps the cow in great pain, and often spoils 
part of the bag, or one or more of the teats 
by drying and caking there. This retention 
also occasionally causes a running sore, which 
it is very difficult subsequently to heal. If 
the calf is to be turned out to run with the 
cowq then select for your breeding such as 
come from the Short horn families which are 
only moderate milkers. At the West these 
are preferred to the great milkers, because 
stock owners generally want the calves to be 
turned out to run with their dams. They have 
so many animals on these large farms or 
ranches, the owners do not wish to be troubled 
about milking their cows. -They do not make 
butter or cheese, the cattle being raised only 
for beef, and consequently thpy want such 
cows as give no more milk than the calf cun 
suck clean, and thus prevent the bag or teats 
from getting injured. At a proper age the 
cow w'ill wean the calf herself when it can ob¬ 
tain a good living from pasture alone. The 
Devon breed of cattle are kept also for com¬ 
bined beef and milk. They are very fine 
in all their points, and of a pure bright red 
color. They are not so large as the Short¬ 
horns by one-fourth to one-fifth; but in con¬ 
sequence of this, and being extremely active 
and hardy, they will thrive and fatten on 
shorter and rougher pasture than the Short¬ 
horn. There are individual animals of some 
other breeds which prove good for beef and 
milk, but they cannot be depended on as with 
Short-horns and Devons. The Holsteins are 
worthy rivals of the Short-horns for the com¬ 
bined purpose of beef and milk production, but 
being much fewer in numbers they are not so 
widely known. 
BLOATING FROM FEEDING ON ALFALFA OB. 
CLOVER. 
J. G. Y ., Wabusca, Nevada.— Alfalfa, or 
Lucerne is about the only cultivated grass that 
grows here. It is very nutritious, and horses 
and cattle will fatten on the hay in Winter or 
Summer, and hogs, too, w'ill thrive on it; 
while by cutting it twice it will yield from 
four to five tons per acre; but cattle feeding 
on it will bloat and frequently die. There in 
no such thing as getting them used to it; after 
feeding on it for months without injury they 
will, ail at once, begin to bloat. Is there any 
preventive of, or remedy for, such bloating I 
Ans.—T here is no way of preventing this 
bloating when feeding cattle upon either Lu¬ 
cerne or clover. Both are alike in this respect, 
and it is caused by over-eating under certain 
conditions. When cattle are a little out of 
order in their digestive organs, or wffien they 
eat too heartily, the rank herbage, not being 
quickly digested, ferments in the paunch and 
produces gas, the pressure of which oloses all 
way of escape for it, and unless relieved the 
affected animals will die. In such a case they 
may be relieved at once by puncturing the 
Stomach through the side where the swelling 
is most prominent. An instrument is provided 
for this purpose, known as a trochar and 
canuia, being a sharp-pointed steel pin about 
six inches long, having a proper handle and 
fitting into a brass tube which covers all but 
the sharp point and which has a sort of cup at 
the top to prevent it from going too far. This 
instrument is thrust through the skin on the 
left side of the anffcul, about eight inches be¬ 
low the level of the back and half way be¬ 
tween the hip and the last rib, and should 
be pushed somewhat downwards so as not to 
wound the kidneys, which are just above tlii 3 
spot. The opening goes into the stomach 
and as the pin is drawn out the tube is left 
in and the gas escapes with ease, giving re¬ 
lief at once. If one has not this instrument 
(and every cattle owner should have one on 
hand ready for use at all tunes), a small- 
