564 
finest kinds for s'ill greater excellence, —and 
were it my parting injunction, 1 6hou'd have 
notliug to oiler or taka back. I have the e- 
fore put this into verse for the Rural New- 
Yorker, with the hope that it may chime 
with the mu ie of pomflogy, when my muse 
shall have crossed the river and left her harp 
hanging on the vt illows : 
Plant Iho best seeds c>T every good fruit, 
Goo l fruits to ratio, all lands to suit, 
Fruits whli'li elmll live, their blessings to shed 
On millions of souls when we shall be dead. 
These are creations that do the world good, 
Treasures anti p ensures wilh health In our food, 
Pleasures which leave la the mem’ry no sting, 
No grief in the soul; no stain on Time's wing. 
Fo-frnttago end flow'rs let praises arise 
From earth's utmost bound to heav'ns highest 
skies, 
Songs of rejoicing where'er they are found, 
Songs of t laiasgivlng where'er they abound. 
August 10, 1382. 
learn all that is necessary in a month, and 
others in a shorter time, under a few com¬ 
petent instructors The object sought should 
bo to i. still principles to direct the pupil in 
the right channels of thought and investiga¬ 
tion vith such practical demonstration as to 
fix the main features i f the art indelibly in 
his mind, so he can carry them to his practice 
and know that he is treadm ' on firm grouud, 
and not groping along in the dark experi¬ 
menting at lh» expense or loss of dairymen 
who place thtir milk in his bands for manu¬ 
facture. 
I cannot enter, in a brief article like this, 
upon all the details which are suggested by 
the establishment < f such schools. I can only 
say they should be iu connection with a fac¬ 
tory where an abundance of milk is delivered 
and converted into the various products of the 
dairy, so that the highest skill in the art may 
be seen and recognized in the goods manufac¬ 
tured. In connection with a large estab¬ 
lishment taking the milk of a thousand or 
more cows, the men igement an 1 making of the 
cheese would help t) pay instructors—while 
the additional fees from students would make 
sufficient revenue to pay the expenses cf such 
institutions. The late Mr. Harding, of Eng¬ 
land, the famous Chtdder dairy man, for many 
years received pupils at 
his farm dairy, charg¬ 
ing for a course of in 
struction lasting a 
couple of weeks, the 
sum of 10 guineas or 
$52.50; and he 6ent out J^tl 
many fine cheese ma- Ijjl 
kers. It is to Le hoped /\MJ i 
that well appoints d dai- X\wW| I 
ry schools may soon be ' 
established in thiscoun- 
ed as to form a deep hollow at both ends, 
having no calyx or segments, having at the 
top a singular broad, rough, fi ve-angled eye; 
skin ci eamy-y ellow, shaded «lU mottled ith 
light and dark-red ou the exposed, side. 
Flesh pale-yellow, with a circle of red around 
the stone (.o which it adheres), sweet, juicy, 
wilh a slight noyeau flavor. 
higher yield than the average of the million 
and-a-balf cows in the great dairy State of 
New York. Thousanls of cows do much 
better than this they can be found in every 
township and often whole herds average 800 
gallons per year, and some even 1 000 gallons 
and more. If, then, there are so many cows 
much better than the average and bo profitable 
to k'ep, bow many there must be kept at aloss! 
The estimate of oue third the whole number 
is none too great; 400,000 to 500,000 cows in 
New York alone that do not pay the cost of 
keeping—ten times this number in the United 
States I 
Where are these poor cows that eat 
up the profit of the better ones? Alas, some 
can l»e found iu almost every herd. A satis¬ 
factory average yield from the whole herd 
may be very' deceptive. Th i only safety i8 to 
make a daily record of the milk yield of every 
cow. This seems a great deal of work, but 
really it is not. It is easily aud cheaply done 
if only tried and “it p iys” every time. Such 
a record brings out the difference in cows 
with great clearness, a:.d leads the way to a 
stear'y improvement in the herd. I know two 
dairy mm who began with common stock, 
cows that would average about 125 pounds of 
butter a year, without any' purchases, except 
PEEN-TO OR PEACH OF CHINA, 
P. J. BERCKMANS, 
In 1869 my friend, Jno. G. Cribb, Esq., of 
Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, sent me a 
nurnUr c f perch pits of the type known there 
as Chinese peachts. To these were added 
notes stating thrt some varieties were very 
flat, and comprised both cling and freestones, 
while others were quite obi >ng,and trees of the 
latter produced very large and double flow¬ 
ers Ail were semi evergreeu, and the fruit 
began to mature about tiro time the vari ties 
of the Persian strain were fully iu bloom. 
From these seeds I obtained a number of 
trees. Some being, as stated by Mr. Cribb, 
with double flowers, bar iu this respect in¬ 
ferior to the double white aud crimson flow¬ 
ering varietiesi trcduced by Robert Fortuno 
about 1815. Afewcflho fc< di ngs assumed 
a very' dwarf habit cf growth, e\en d^arfer 
than the variety known as Chinese cr Italian 
(misnomer, no dmbt,) dwarf. Finding that 
the double -fl iwering seedlings and those of 
dwarf growth did not set fruit after several 
years cf trial, they were destroyed and only 
one tree, producing single flowers, was re¬ 
tained, as this had set iruil the second year 
from seed, but failed to retain it to maturity. 
From this seedling several trees were propa¬ 
gated by budding, audsent to various sec¬ 
tions in Florida, anticipating that they would 
be better adapted to the oraDge growing zone 
than, here, as their hab¬ 
it of bloomin'* jn Jan- 
i uary caused < he loss cf 
the fiuit. One of these 
trees w hen three years 
from bud produced the 
enormous yield oi 1,200 
perfect peach's, and 
was considered worthy 
of being yho ogr^phed. 
Its first maturity in 
Pensacola was at the 
end cf May, 1877. Sub¬ 
sequently the maturity 
was ts early as April 
27, and this year the 
first shipments were 
made from near Arch¬ 
er, Florida, toPhiladel- 
pbia, on April 15, and 
sold at 75 cents each. 
My anticipations that 
this fruit would be of 
iiiiij; some value for the 
; Coast Belt and Florida 
jijiijj seem to have been fully 
: ealized, as the tgri- 
! 1) cultural press of Flori- 
, | da has of late given as 
I much notice of its qual- 
G ties and commercial 
value as to those of the 
I j:;:.:! orange. 
The trees are very 
vigorous growers,of ten 
l! iiiiiii attaining - 10 feet in 
111 ° 
11 | Injiiiij | hight her© tbe first year 
lifil illi";:;; I | from bud, and in Flori- 
i|| luljlilii: j 11 da beginning to bear 
IfJ iiifijjij 1 |« the second year. The 
It;:,;:; i j I ■I fol age is dense, leaves 
| 11|1| quite narrow, and re- 
||j'.jI | |j IlH tained until December. 
ym J l ijj M Fruit of irregular 
ij j II jrn shape; very flat, from 
I III I |J| one-and a half to ODe- 
and three-quarters inch 
W through on one side and 
a little more on the 
other, with a depres- 
t Nature.—Fig. S6S. sion or hollow in the 
middle, the average size 
ranging from ceven-and one four;h to nine 
inches in ciiccmieieuce Skin y tliovv,washed 
and rielica e<y penciled carmine ; peels readily 
a'maturity. Flesh very finely gram>d, juicy 
and dissolving, sweet and with a delicato 
almond an nn ; quality best; clingstone; 
stone very flat, five eighths cf an inch through; 
flowers large; glands icnilorm. 
This is only thopioneer of a raco of peaches 
which at no distant day will comprise many 
excellent varieties ut.d should form the basis 
of experiments vith Florida fruit growers. 
Doubtless larger and more shapely fruits will 
bo produced from its needling?, ns was tbe cane 
with tho old Chineso Cling peach, which has 
given us a class of peaches c f unsurpassed 
quality and beauty, both clingstones and 
freestones, yellow and whitc-fleshed, and 
maturing here from end of June to September. 
I Would caution all fruit grewtra outuido 
THE PEEN-TO, OR FLAT PEACH OF 
CHINA. 
CHARLES DOWNING. 
(See Fig. 2T2.) 
I am indebted to my friend, P. J. Berck- 
mans, of Augusta, Georgia, for specimens of 
thisrare, singular, and handsome peach. It 
cannot be grown ia this climate in tbe open 
ground, because it commences to grow too 
early in the season. Mr. Berckaians informs 
me that be put two trees in tubs Iasi No¬ 
vember and kept them under glass until the 
first of April; the fruit began to mature the 
12th day of May. He says: “l notice in the 
Florida Di.-patch that a Mr. Lipsey, of Arch¬ 
er, Florida, shipped a crate of this pea^h to 
Mr. A. Barnes, Philadelphia, on the first of 
May and received 75 cents for etch peach. I 
believe that the Florida growers may thank 
me for having introduced this peach to their 
HENRY E ALVORD, OF 
HOUGHTON FARM. 
The value of close, 
comparison, good judg- 
ment and selection, in 
connection with many | 
farm matters, is begin- 
ning to be properly ap- 
predated. There was 
a time when one potato 
or kernel of corn was 'S 
considered as good as 'v 
another for plan’ ing; \ 
one a ine or tree as good \ __ 
as another for fruit, at 
least to tell. Until very 
lately, weight was the N \, 
only requirement for /fwa 
butter at the country or / 
village store acd a fj/MJ 
pound of this delicate f/f 
commodity bad its 
fixed price for the time being, regardless of 
color, aye or quality. Only the few who 
have for a series of years practised the care¬ 
ful selection and breeding of farm seeds, fully 
realize the importance of this work and the 
possibilities of the lutur , but the subject is 
commanding general attention, at leastamong 
the readers of the Rural. Fruit and butter 
are now closely graded in almost every mar¬ 
ket aDd we are almost ready to sell eggs by 
weight, thus discriminating at once in faver 
of size and freshness. A few farm phrases still 
lack clearness: “a load of manure” and “a 
day’s work” are spoken of as fixed quantities, 
when as uncertain in value as “a piece cf 
chalk” is in size. A closer discrimination is, 
however, fast forcing itself upon the farm. 
Nowhere is selection more important than 
among the liv*. stock. Tbis is especially true 
in regard to cows, if one wants to build up a 
good dairy herd. There are a few things ad¬ 
mitted by every dairyman, which, neverthe¬ 
less need to be constantly repeated and em¬ 
phasized. One of these is the very great dif¬ 
ference in cows. We are told there was a 
now and then one of a good bu'l calf, but by 
keepiug a record and making careful selec¬ 
tions, they more than douole 1 the production 
of their he-d-. Inteayea s the herd cf one 
averaged 251) pounds of butter a year aud 
that of the other now averages over 800 
pounds. 
Tne old, old lesson cannot be too often re¬ 
peated. For a profitable dairy do not buy 
cows but raise them. Keep a careful record 
of every milking, and make frequent tests of 
the butter quality of every cow's milk. Raise 
the briers of only the best third cf the herd, 
uot Ibe/arorite cows but those of the best re¬ 
cord. U-e only good bulls—the buil is half the 
herd. Dispose of two or three cows, or, pre¬ 
ferably,of one-fourth of the herd, selecting the 
poorest cow by the record every year. This 
is the vital point—to make the dairy pay, 
cull the herdl 
OUR CLUB COMBINATION FOR 1882-3 
The Inter-Ocean and Rural New-Yorker. $216 
Detroit Free Press “ “ .8.00 
Weekly World 41 “ .2 76 
Any person ordering for one year the 
Rural New-Yorker and any one of the 
at tore Weeklies wll receive t'ir. Jiant and 
iserd Distribution without application and 
•without charge .lor postage. All subscrip¬ 
tions for the aborr journo s are promised 
prompt and caicful attention, 
mmlwm notice; it evidently 
W/fff will pay them t»et 
Igljf/M ter then Tanges.” 
A. J, Downing’s 
wr description cf this 
peach is given by him in 1845 with tome slight 
alterations: 
Flat Teach of China.— Chinese Peach- 
Java Peach—Peen To. A very singular va¬ 
riety, from China, where the gardeners affect 
all manner of vegetable curiosities. The fruit 
is of small size, about two inches in diameter, 
and so much flattened at the ends that only 
the skin and flat stone remain, the fleshy part 
being crowded on either side. The tree is 
rather of dwarfish habit, and holds its leaves 
very late. The fruit is of very good flavor, 
and is well worthy of a place in the gardens 
of the curious. Leaves with renlform glands. 
Fiewen Urge. Frsit small—so much fiafetoa- 
ADVICE TO PuMOLOGISTS. 
MARSHALL P. WILDER. 
As promised about twenty years ago, I have 
given in all subsequent addresses to the Am¬ 
erican Pomological Society the following ad¬ 
vice: “ Plant the most perfect anil viature 
seed of our very best fruits, and os the means 
of more rapid progress croee-foriMiae »tw 
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