572 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
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liiii 
trotting blood we need say no more in be¬ 
half of Enchanter, but leave him to the ex¬ 
hibition of Lis merits on the private course 
and in the stud, in beth of which lines we 
wish him all prosperity. As for the rest, the 
handsome, truthful portrait which we give 
at Fig. 273. page 507, speaks for itself. 
welcome improved domestic animals of all 
kinds and are glad to see them taking the 
place of common stock. A better variety of 
grain, fruit or vegetable is always desirable, 
and its importance is not likely to be over¬ 
estimated . We hail with delight the popu¬ 
larity of experiment stations, and believe they 
will soon become much more numerous, will 
be well sustained, and return ten dollars for 
every one expended in their support. We 
live in a new and fertile country where land 
is cheap. In many places it is much easier to 
raise large crops than it is to dispose of them 
Poll evil 
would have if spread all over the soil. Except, 
therefore, in the case of superphosphate with 
turnips the whole of our manure was sown 
broadcast, and plowed or harrowed into 
the land before the seed is sown. With Au¬ 
tumn-sown wheat we apply salts of ammonia 
and nitrate in the Spring. 
‘•Rot hams ted,” England. J. B. Lawes. 
space with hay. Lumber and paper are 
cheaper than grain. The ration for the good 
steer in good quarters should not be of cheap 
foods alone, nor entirely of the best foods. 
The latter i not the most economical ration. 
As a practical feeder, I should not regard a 
bay and graiu ration as a good ration where 
the price of hay is high. As I hate before 
stated in the Rural, I know of no moro 
economical ration, where hay is to enter into 
it at all, than clover (called hay) and straw 
mixed when moderate growth is desired—say 
one pound a day. Wbeu fattening is desired 
the addition of grain will make an effective 
food. 
With fairly bred grade Short-horns I can 
make from 1,100 to 1,200 pounds by easy 
stages of growth, turning my products at 
full market rates as follows: New milk for 
first two or three w-eeks; then skim milk, 
middlings and corn meal. At a little more 
age, cotton-seed meal is substituted for mid¬ 
dlings. The first Winter clover and clover 
rowen with some corn fodder or straw, or 
both are fed with cotton seed and corn meal. 
The second Winter clover and straw are often 
the only food, or a ration of three pounds of col. 
ton seed meal and straw or corn fodder or both 
alone is fed. As we raise much corn, often 
half of this meal is fed. When we purchase 
meal,my general practice is to buy cotton-seed 
meal, as it is so valuable as a manure as well 
as especially valuable to supplement straw 
for growing steers. The growth by this sys¬ 
tem is not the rapid growth of high feeding, 
but having no pasture near home, this is 
adopted ns an economical one. My expe¬ 
rience is that high-pressure feeding in Winter 
is not consistent with distant and ordinary 
pastures. When ordinary pastures aro near 
at hand high Winter feeding can be supple¬ 
mented by Summer pasture feeding with 
grain to advantage. 
By the system named September sales are 
made. Tais gives three Summers’ growth 
(Summer growth costs me but about one cent 
per pound) for two Winters’ feeding Tie 
weight named insures a good sale upon an 
economical growth. The expense I could 
easily give, but it would be fur lo-al rates. 
Better data are at hand. If tie ration is 
entirely hay the calf will cotr-ume three 
per cent, of its live weight daily, and the 
year-old two-aud-oue-half per cent. With 
urging each will eat more. Woeu graiu is 
given a pound, in round numbers, takes the 
place of a pound of hay and insures f«s er 
growth generally. When straw or clover is 
fed, or straw and g-aiu, less is eaten. A 
steer that will eat. 25 pounds of hay will not 
use over 15 pounds of straw when accom¬ 
panied with three pounds of meal, or gener¬ 
ally three-fifths as much. When com fodder 
is given, with what i3 wasted, nearly as 
many pounds have to be fed as of hay—not 
quite. Swale hay and two to three pounds of 
cotton-seed meal are often fed for an entire 
Winter interchanged with straw or com 
fodder. 
Agricultural College Farm, N. H. 
POINTS IN ECONOMIC FEEDING. 
PROFESSOR J. W. SANBORN. 
Broadly stated, there are five cardinal 
TREE PLANTING. 
DR. JOHN A. WARDER. 
This is a good, ole’-fashioned expression that 
all may understand, but is it high-toned 
enough to suit the advance of to-day ? No ! 
not by a great deal. It must be called For¬ 
estry, to coincide with modern taste and 
fashion. So let it be, say all the truly in¬ 
terested, for though the mere planting of a 
tree or even of a row of trees, or of an 
avenue along the public highway, be but a 
small beginning of the art of forestry, still it 
is a beginning, and so are the institution of 
an Arbor Day by State authority and the 
planting of memorial trees upon that or upon 
any other suitable day. 
The setting-out of a little tree by every 
child connected with our glorious common 
schools, either upon the school lot, at their 
homes, in the parks, or on the public high¬ 
way, cannot fail to exert a most happy 
influence upon the individual and upon the 
community where it is practiced. The child 
(who is father to the man) thus learns to love 
and respect these noble representatives of the 
vegotible kingdom. Those who have wit¬ 
nessed the planting of, or afterward en¬ 
joyed the comfort and pleasure afforded 
by, these shade-trees, though never before 
appreciating these objects either in their 
financial, economic, sanitary, or teithetic as¬ 
pects, are now obliged at least to pause in 
their career < f indifference, or perhaps even 
of destructive feelings toward trees. The 
establishment of tree planting societies and 
village improvement associations cannot fail 
to benefit all those who are engaged in them, 
and the general public reaps the benefit of 
their efforts to embellish and improve the 
country. 
Many thousands of our people in the State 
if Oaio were induced to plant roadside 
trees in consequence of our good Governor’s 
proclamation making Arbor-Day a public 
holiday, and this was suggested by those who 
were makin ? arrangements for the first meet¬ 
ing of the Forestry Congress at Cincinnati, 
which instituted the extensive planting of 
Presidential, Pioneer, Heroic, Authors’, Teach, 
ers’, and other groves on the beautiful hill¬ 
tops of Elen Park—within the city limits. 
Every chil 1 who participated upon that occa¬ 
sion, or who aided, and witnessed the tree, 
planting in the school house lots scattered 
through the country, and along many of the 
thoroughfares, may thus have been made an 
incipient forester, and will at least have 
learned to look upon a tree with increased 
respect. In many of t he country school lots 
the trees bear the names of the pupils who 
plauted them. 
Though not forestry, all these efforts have 
their use, and they exert a most happy in¬ 
fluence upon the people by directing their at¬ 
tention to the subject. They help to famil¬ 
iarize us with trees; tney direct our attention 
to the great subj ct of true forestry, and thus 
become valuable means of making the people 
better acquainted with the possibilities of the 
forestal wealth which should exist in our 
country. 
In a large portion of our land nature has 
already provided us a most noble heritage of 
trees, many of them of great value, and only 
after these had been removed, and the native 
woodlands were robbed of their most valuable 
numbers, do we, the immediate descendants 
of the wood-chopping, timber destroying 
pioneers—only then do we begin to realize our 
loss and to think of the absolute necessity for 
restoring the forests. 
There are so many solid and substantial 
reasons for the conservation and, where neces¬ 
sary, the replanting of areas of woodlands, it 
is surprising that so intelligent a people as we 
proudly boast ourselves to be, should have al¬ 
lowed the country to reach the very verge 
of destitution before attempting to restore 
the woodlands 
Hamilton Co., Ohio. 
\ Parotitis 
JTipjoint 
turner ten 
maxilla 
Gland 
Wwmjyed 
ffhvuldcrjoint 
lameness 
Pistocrrtion] 1 
Of patella' 
fSlifled 
Jilhotrjoint 
lameness 
iT/iorough pin 
Complicated 
splint 
Jlinybone 
Tftorough pin 
Sprar'n of 
stispcnsort/ j 
ligament 
-fSTavxcular disease. J? 
strated. —Fiq. 27*.—See page 573 
points we are compelled to observe in the East 
in economic beef production. These are,good 
Bteers, warm quarters, thoughtful food com¬ 
binations arranged with some reference to 
manure value, and early maturity. Not 
without much observation I aflirm our Eastern 
cattle are of too low a type. Experience 
teaches me that as distinguished from the 
scrub, the good steer, well bred grade even of 
the larger breeds, is a better foeder of the so- 
called coarse foods—straw,swale hay and corn 
fodder—than the poorer sorts so often handled 
to consume the hurd fare of the farm. A 
beast of this sort will not only eat better, but 
thrive better on the c e foods than the scrub, 
provided he has enough, and this “enough” 
becomes more productive per pound eaten. 
This “enough” makes the difference between 
the early matured and the later matured 
steer. The steer turned at two years, weighing 
1,200 pounds, eats maintenance fodder for 
two years less than a steer weighing 1,200 
pounds, turned at four years. The mainte- 
neod 1 3 better business habits. These im¬ 
proved habits would guide him in producing 
the right articles in the right proportion; en¬ 
able him to plan his work and buy and sell 
to the best advantage. To bring about these 
desirable results farmers should continue to 
give more attention to education and co¬ 
operate in Grange, Alliance, or Club. This 
will also raise their social rank and help them 
wield a greater influence in the public affairs 
of our country. W. J. Beal. 
Agricultural College. Lansing, Mich. 
- - - 
Should Concentrated Fertilizers be 
Drilled in or Sown Broadcast? 
sir J. b. lawes’s opinion. 
If the most rapid growth from seed is de¬ 
sired the manures and seed should be drilled 
together; in this case, however, the manure 
should be confined to superphosphate alone, 
as almost all other artificial manures are 
injurious to very young plants. Our turnip 
CHIEF CAUSE OF FAILURE OF 
AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE3. 
B. F. JOHNSON, 
f As we gain experience by the lapse of 
years, problems apparently insoluble at one 
time slowly and gradually solve th< mselvea 
at a later period. Thus in the matter of the 
success of s .ine and the failure < f othrr agri¬ 
cultural college", both appeared at the first 
quite inexplicable. But the truth is gradu¬ 
ally becoming apparent that no institution 
will succeed as an agricultural schorl of 
which the president and chief is notsometbing 
more than a mere successful teacher; he mu t 
be an enthusiastic agriculturist, or, as the 
French have it., an ayennne at character ar.d 
education. There have been regents and presi¬ 
dents at the head of some of t ur leading agricul¬ 
tural colleges, who were and are all eminent as 
teachers, great as pedagogues, with w de lit¬ 
erary reputations and renowned in history, 
theology, politics, and law; but not one of 
these has succeeded, even in a moderate meas 
ure, in making these schools agricultural col¬ 
leges indeed. In fact, several have so erred 
in their management as to have practically 
driven agriculture out of the schools where 
they were chiefs, of which the conductors of 
the Rural need not go far for an example, 
nor the writer of these lines. The lesson 
taught by these facts then is, that any body of 
trustees who in appointing chiefs of agricul¬ 
tural schools hereafter choose any but practi¬ 
cal and scientific agriculturists, will be cred¬ 
ited with sinning ngainst light and knowledge 
and as possessing concealed hostility to agri¬ 
culture. 
Hansell Raspberry, 
crops suffer greatly from a small fly, which 
eats off the leaves as they start from the 
ground. We mix the seed and superphos¬ 
phate together, and push the plant through 
its early stages with great rapidity. This is, 
therefore, a special case for a special object; 
and for all other cases I should recommend 
sowing manures broadcast as evenly as pos¬ 
sible over the whole surface of the soil. Roots 
follow the food. If you place the food in one 
place, the roots will concentrate there, con¬ 
sequently they will not have as much cotn- 
a better crop or harvest It with less toll. We j mand of the moisture of the soil as they 
-Fig. 270.—See page 567. 
nance fodder for a l,0C0-pound steer is about 
18 pounds of hay a day according to my tests. 
Thus the good steer I fiad is not only my most 
uncomplaining eater, but the earliest turned, 
and hence the most economical. 
Economy dictates that his winter-quarters 
must be warm—the temperature should aver¬ 
age, “y, 45 degrees. In careful dally tests by 
scales, thermometer, etc., I found that I re¬ 
ceived about 100 per cent interest one Winter 
on the outlay for arranging bettor quarters 
than those of average New England barn 
stables. We cannot afford to attempt to heat 
Peter B. Mead, the veteran horticulturist 
editor and writer, says: “ The Rural New 
Yorker is not afraid to tell the truth." 
m 
—£ 
