624 
THE RURAL 5«EW-Y©RKI8 
* 
9 
RURAL NEW'YORKER, 
A National Journal .‘or Country and Suburban Homes. 
Conducted by 
ALBERT 8 . C 4 BMAK. 
Address 
THE RURAL NEW YORHER, 
No. 84 Park Row, New York. 
SATURDAY, SEPT. 0, 1882. 
Florence, with U3, is the first dark 
grape to ripen; Lady the first white. 
-M-*- 
Our main crops of potatoes, consisting 
of White Elephant, Beauty of Hebron 
and the Blush—the new intermediate 
offered in our next seed distribution—are 
the best we have cv»r raised. We have 
many Beauty of Haferons that weigh a 
pound and upwards. There is a very 
close resemblance between Urge Speci¬ 
mens of the Late Beauty of Hebron and 
the White Elephant. We have not yet 
harvested the last mentioned or the Blush. 
Our special plots of 50 kinds also promise 
a fine yield, and we look forward to 
these tests as to yield, different fertilizers, 
different depths of planting, etc., with 
pleasure, since we hope they miy interest 
and instruct our readers. 
-- - 
The Tariff Commission, in i*s pere¬ 
grinations, visited Rochester, N. Y., last 
Tuesday. There our friend. Mr. Patrick 
Barry, made an argument in favor of the 
abolition of all duties on imported living 
trees and plants; first, because the value 
of such importations is so small that no 
considerable revenue is derived from 
them; and, second, because American 
nurserymen require no protection, and 
have nothing to fear from foreign compe¬ 
tition, being able to raise all sorts of 
trees and plants better and cheaper than 
they can be raised in any part of Europe, 
It isn’t the small duty he objects to so 
much as the delays caused in the Custom¬ 
house by its collection, which frequently 
result in the death of the plants Mr. 
Hiram Sibley, the extensive seedsman 
and farmer, went further ar.d argued in 
favor of the abolition of import duties 
on all flower seeds and on all vegetable 
seeds except those of the beet, carrot, 
lettuce, onion, parsley and turnip, lie 
maintained that it is not right to impose 
a high tax on 7,000,000 seed-users for the 
benefit of 100 seed-growers. A short 
time ago. however, the representative of 
a Philadelphia seed firm made an argu¬ 
ment before the Commission at Long 
Branch, m which he urged the necessity 
for import duties on seed, because, among 
other reasons, there is a great dispropor¬ 
tion between the wages paid here and 
abroad to those engaged in the raising of 
seeds. It is to be hoped that all tariff 
questions bearing upon the varkus 
branches of agriculture will be freely dis¬ 
cussed befoie the Commission. 
-» -M - 
THE RURAL HORTICULTURAL CLUB. 
We wish to call attention to the an¬ 
nouncement of prizes on the Youth’s 
page in this issue. As will be seen, sev¬ 
eral prizes are offered to the members of 
the Horticultural Club for the best melons 
raised from seeds sent out by the Rural 
New-Yorker early last Spring, and 
from advance reports we learn that a 
large interest has been taken in the con¬ 
test. We now await the final reports in 
order to award the prizes announced this 
week. We believe that one line of our 
duty lies in the direction of interesting 
the young people in horticultural work, 
and we hope they will be pleased with 
the means we use to accomplish our pur¬ 
pose. We are quite sure that parents, as 
a rule, do not take the interest they ought 
in making faim life attractive for the 
young people; hence we feel, all the 
more, the necessity of doing all we can 
to interest and instruct our young read¬ 
ers. In our next 8ecd Distribution, as 
announced in the late Fair Edition, we 
shall send out seeds of the Niagara Grape, 
in the culture of which we earnestly hope 
the young people wilt especially interest 
themselves. It will be a grand chance to 
try their skill at raising seedling fruits, 
and if they are successful they may find 
in the future that there is profit in it. We 
could easily inform them of instances 
where from $1,000 to $10,000 have been 
paid for the control of new seedling 
plants. Who knows what “bonanza” 
may be now awaiting some energetic 
member of the Horticultural Club! 
THE WHEAT CROP OF 1882. 
From the multitude of reports of all 
sorts already made regarding the wheat 
crop of 1882, there no longer remains any 
doubt that the aggregate yield will 
prove the largest ever harvested. Reason¬ 
able estimates of the crop range all the 
way from 510,000,000 to 525,000,000 
bushels against 480,000,000 bushels in 
1880—the largest crop previously on 
record. Writing on June 10 last, and 
judging from the multitude of reports 
sent in for our Special Crop Report Num¬ 
ber, wo stated that the outlook then ap¬ 
peared to promise an aggregate yield of 
400,000,000 bushels, and as the weather 
since then has been unusually favorable 
to wheat, the increase over our estimate 
is readily accounted for. From a care¬ 
ful comparison of the most trustworthy 
outside reports with each other and with 
those furnished to the Rural, we are 
disposed to place the total yield this year at 
about 515,000,000 to 520,000,000 bushels. 
Of this total the Southern States, includ¬ 
ing 10,000,000 bushels in Kentucky, will 
contribute probably 65,000,000 bushels; 
the Naw England States upwards of 
1,000,000; the. Middle States about 40,- 
000,000; California 48,000,000, and Ore¬ 
gon aud Washington Territory 10,000,- 
O00 bushels, leaving 350,000.000 bushels 
for the Western States and Territories. 
Of these, in spite of all unfavorable re¬ 
ports, Illinois is likely to head the list 
with 50,000,000 bushels, followed by Indi¬ 
ana with45,000.000; Ohio and Minnesota 
with about 40.000,000 apiece; Kansas 
with 33,000,000—the yield over the an¬ 
ticipation of which she prematurely re¬ 
joiced two years ago—Iowa with nearly 
ihe same; Missouri with 30,000,000 and 
Michigan close behind with about 211,000,- 
000 bushels. Were it not for the great 
injury done to wheat in the shock by the 
extraordinarily heavy rains during the first 
week in August, the Michigan crop would 
certainly have been a couple of million 
bushels more of marketable grain. The 
quality, on the whole, is unusually fine in 
all sections. 
- -- 
QUARANTINE STATION8 FOR IM¬ 
PORTED CATTLE. 
Until lately cattle imported from 
European countries infected with con¬ 
tagious stock diseases were quarantined 
here for ninety days after landing; but 
a Treasury decision a few weeks ago de¬ 
ducted from this period the number of 
days that bad elapsed between the em¬ 
barkation of the animals on the other 
sicle of the water and their debarkation 
on this side. The Government, however, 
provided no quarters for the quarantined 
beasts, so that importeis have had to fur¬ 
nish accommodations at their own ex¬ 
pense. As a concession to them, however, 
they were permitted to quarantine their 
importations at any point to which they 
could be moved by water; but they could 
not be moved by rail. Accordingly, im¬ 
ported cattle have often been quarantined 
at Syracuse, New York, Cooperaburg. 
Pa., and at a number of out-of the way 
places whither they had been taken by 
river or canal. In such cases proper 
supervision has been impracticable, or, at 
best, very inconvenient, and the liability 
to evasions of the law and consequent 
possibility of the spre^j of disease have 
been a menace to neighboring herds. 
They have been doing these things bet¬ 
ter in Canada, where quarantine regula¬ 
tions like those in the. United States 
exist; but the government furnishes suita¬ 
ble buildings and water for the quaran¬ 
tine Btock without expeuse to the im¬ 
porters. For this reason many importers 
of cattle into the United States have pre¬ 
ferred to bring them through Cauada 
rather than through our own ports. To 
remove the hardships to importers as 
well as to benefit American transporta¬ 
tion companies and others interested, and 
at the same time to secure greater safe¬ 
guards against imported contagious dis¬ 
eases, Congress at its last session made an 
appropriation of $50,000 for the estab¬ 
lishment of proper quarantine stations for 
stock in suitable situuti >ns near the ports 
of Portland, Boston, New York, Phila¬ 
delphia and Baltimore. A couple of 
weeks ago Acting Secretary of the Treas¬ 
ury H. F. French directed Dr. James 
Law and Mr. J. 11. Sanders, of the 
Treasury Cattle Commission, to examine 
the quarantine arrangements at Montreal 
and Quebec, and then to consult with the 
Collectors at the above ports as to the 
best and most economical means of pro¬ 
viding suitable quarantine stations at 
each place. It is expected that the site 
of the station connected with this port 
will be decided upon during the coming 
week, and the others at a very early day. 
LATE EXPERIMENTS ON TRICHINA- 
INFESTED MEAT. 
The recent reports of several deaths 
from trichinosis in Milwaukee direct at¬ 
tention to a large number of experiments 
lately made by European scientists with 
regard to the t fleets of various sorts of 
treatment of trichinro infested meat. In 
Germany, Zundel, Louis, Roclilinhauser, 
Kopp, Seigmand and Dele have in every 
case found that after infested meat had 
been thoroughly salted the trichime were 
incapable of reproduction; whereas such 
other eminent chemists as Schmitt, 
Chatim, Girard, Pubst, De Bencckc and 
Libon found triehinie still living and 
capable of reproduction in meats that had 
been salted several months. Some time 
ago M. Colin, a French savant, declared 
that the salting of meat was “a sure and 
certain method of destruction to those 
parasites.” Ilts experiments led toothers 
by M, Fourraent. the results of which 
have just been published in the shape of 
a report to the French Academy. 
On April 18, 1881, he took a piece of 
American salted meat which had been 
examined at the Havre docks and found 
infested. This was placed in a fi isk and 
imbedded in fine > alt. The flask was 
then hermetically sealed, and not opened 
till April 1, 1882. The meat had then 
been thoroughly salted for nearly 12 
months, and adding the three months 
tout must have been the least time since 
it was put in salt in this country, it must 
have been salted at least 15 months. The 
meat was then cut up into small pieces, 
which were placed in water frequently 
changed to remove the salt. On April 4, 
some of the meat was fed to a mouse 
which died on the 7th, and sexually de¬ 
veloped triehinie were found m the in¬ 
testines. A second and third mouse were 
fed with more of the meat, with exactly 
similar results. These, with other exper¬ 
iments, prove, M. Fourmeut says, that 
trichinae are certainly alive and capable of 
reproduction after 15 months of salting. 
The explanation of the disagreements 
between the results of the various exper¬ 
iments is supposed to lie in the life his¬ 
tory of the trichinae. When the pests 
penetrate the muscles, producing torture 
and often death, they have no covering 
whatever to protect them. After a month 
or so they coil themselves up to quietly 
await a chance of being eaten by some 
other animal, which must occur before 
they can possibly be fully developed and 
do any other mischief. It is not before 
the end of three months, however, that a 
fibrous cyst, < r sac, begins to form round 
them, and it is thought that it may be a 
year before this is sufficiently dense and 
Impermeable to completely protect them 
from the action of salt. Thus salt may 
utterly destroy them in one stage of life, 
yet be entirely harmless in another. 
In no single one of a great number of 
experiments, however, has heat failed to 
entirely destroy the parasites. Fjord 
and Krabbe have both proved that a tem¬ 
perature of 129 deg. Fall, will kill them 
if kept up for 15 minutes; while 158 deg. 
Fah. will kill them instantaneously. If 
on the inside of large pieces of meat, how¬ 
ever, it will be some time before the heat 
reaches them to this degree. The 
thorough cooking, therefore, of all pork, 
sausages included, will, as we have for¬ 
merly stated, be a certain safeguard 
against injury from trichime. 
— - 
" THE RURAL IS VAIN.” 
For several years past we have looked 
upon Mr. B. F. Johnson, of Illinois, as 
among the first agricultural writers in 
America—if not the first. He unites prac¬ 
tice with study and deep thought. He 
is a farm student, and, more than this, 
he is fearless aud conscientious in what 
he writes. In a recent letter Mr. John¬ 
son writes: 
“ I like the spirit and vigor with which 
you conduct the Rural New-Yorker. 
It is a varied, animated and interesting 
sheet, and its columns of agricultural in¬ 
formation are the best 1 know. The 
courage of your convictions aud opinions 
is admirable, both in respect to what you 
think yourself and what you suffer others 
to say.” 
We are always happy and grateful 
when we receive such words from such 
men—from our own subscribers, from 
anybody, indeed, so long as there is evi¬ 
dence that the words are sincerely ut¬ 
tered. They are so many bits of evidence 
that we are doing well. Think you we 
are vuin, therefore, kind readers, as one 
of our subscribers intimates ? If it is vain 
to feel exceeding glad when one sees that 
the earnest work of his later life is in 
some degree appreciated and effective, 
and to show it—then we are vain, and we 
confess it, and are glad it is so. 
Wc have not such a very high opinion 
of those profound geniuses who are un¬ 
moved by honest praise. Those who 
work for the good of the world, or a por¬ 
tion of it, can hardly afford to despise 
the legitimate rewards of their labor. 
We lnd as soon believe that ladies who 
dress themselves up in the most bewitch¬ 
ing style are utterly unconscious of, or 
even displeased at, the admiration they 
create! 
Yes, the Rural is vain. Humor us, 
good friends, for if you destroy our 
motive we shall work no longer. 
For the past four years the Rural has 
been able truthfully to say each year— 
“ We have increased oar income over last 
year.” But we have promised our readers 
that the Rural should improve with our 
income. 
Was the promise an idle one? Was 
it merely the unmeaning words of the 
average newspaper man to induce re- 
Bubscnptions ? Our income of 1882 will 
be about ten thousand dollars more 
than in 1881. Our income in 1881 was 
about eight, thousand dollars more than 
in 1880. Our income in 1880 was five 
thousand more than in 1870. Our income 
in 1870 was three thousand more than in 
1878. Our expenses for those years have 
increased almost to a thousand dollars 
with our income, and the expenses of the 
paper to-day are twentv-five thousand dol¬ 
lars more the present year than they were 
the first year of the paper under its 
present management, in support of which 
statement we are ready to open our books 
to any person who may desire to test its 
truth. As we have done in the past, so, 
in the main, we propose to continue in 
the future, viz. : to increase the expenses 
of the paper as its income enables us so 
to do. And whether its income increases 
or not depends upon the estimation in 
which the Rural New-Yorker is held 
by its subscribers. When, therefore, it 
is considered that its editors through all 
these years have worked for the paper 
with all their strength and might and 
heart, even to the verge of fatal illness, 
it may be seen that we do indeed value 
the appreciative words of in'elligent, out¬ 
spoken friends. The Rural just loves 
praise. The Rural is rain ! 
BREVITIES. 
Editor C. A. Green says “the Fair issue 
of Rural is just splendid. 
In order to do justice to Mr. Hovey, atten¬ 
tion is called to “Ilovey’s Seedling” on page 
f>K>. 
We want to create a craze iu seedling grape 
culture among Rural readers. We think 
that such a craze will do good. 
The yield of potatoes, both early, medium 
and late, is the best we have ever had. We 
are making careful notes, to be published 
later with illustrations. 
Ex. Com. of Agriculture, Gen, Lk Dug, 
says: "l wish you would swap off the fellow 
who does the witty pictures for your rear 
page and get Nast to give you a turn or two. 
Leaving that out, you ure, I think, publish¬ 
ing the best agricultural paper In America, 
and 1 most heartily congratulate you on your 
success.” Tde suggestion is good—but, you 
know, General, we don’t want to go back on 
Harper’s Weekly. 
The irrepressible Captain Payne, the In¬ 
dian Territory raider, has again beeu ar¬ 
rested by Gen. Pope’s troops, together with 
half a dozen of his followers for taking a 
cdony of 27 armed and mounted men to the 
Deep Fork of the Canadian River. Under 
the itnpres-lou that Secretary Teller, of the 
Interior Department, might be more favor¬ 
able than his predecessors to the opening up 
for settlement of Oklahoma, Payne recently 
visited Washington to urge his views on the 
matter, but was told that the laws would be 
strictly enforced. Those passed at the last 
session of Congress impose u $1,000 line for 
just such offenses, and it is now urged that, as 
iheexistiug statutes apnear not severe enough 
to restrain Payne &. Co.’s lawless filibuster¬ 
ing proclivities, a lengthy term of imprison¬ 
ment should be added to the penalty. The 
appearances presented by such raids in the 
old-settled States and the frontier, however, 
are as far apart as the stand-points from 
which they are viewed. 
Advices from the West tell us that farm 
ers iu bom e of tbo States, notably in Illinois, 
aie feeding rye instead of corn to I heir hogs 
'•because it is cheaper and more fattening.” 
Thu pi ice of rve this year is low both in com¬ 
parison with the range of prices in other years 
and with the price of corn at present. The 
crop of the current year is expected to turn 
out heavier than usual, a large amount ol’ 
old rye fiom lust year’s crop is still on hand, 
and the stock of old whiskey is very unu¬ 
sually heavy. The high price of corn will un¬ 
doubtedly lead to the lessened employment 
of it as stock feed, both by tbe sparing use 
of it aud the substitution of other forms of 
feed. Iu tins connection, why in the name 
of common 6ense do n >t people plant tur¬ 
nips and other roots more liberally for sup¬ 
plementary stock feed when corn threatens 
to be short? Even wheat is reported to be 
used as feed in many olaces instead of corn. 
In view of Ihe probable shortage in this ci op 
again this year, it is very likely that an unusu- 
a ly large area of green l'odder crops will be 
used as supplementary feed. 
