SEPT 23 
633 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
to glaze. This statement is a fair representa¬ 
tion of nearly every field in this section. A 
gentleman,, a few days ago, said that in com¬ 
ine nearly 40 miles to my residence ha saw 
only one poor piece of com. Wheat is of ex¬ 
cellent quality and a fair yield. Oats sre gen¬ 
erally very good and heavy. Rye is of fine 
quality, lu vtry many of the heads have but 
a few kermis, so the yield is light. C. 8. 
<Tl)c (Querist 
ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS. 
fKv*r’'querv inns* be accompanied by the tame 
ana address if the writer Insure attention.} 
NEBRASKA OR FLORIDA FOR WEAKLINGS ? 
“Subscriber", Utica, N. Y. Generally 
speaking which would be the safer and better 
for a man who cares more for m iking a pleas¬ 
ant rural home than for making money and 
who has a tendency tolling disease and who is 
not much accustomed to hard 1 bor, to try gen¬ 
eral farming ou the R R. of N-b., or to try 
gardening and small fruit growing in Orange 
C>., Eli? Agd 32; was bred ouafarm; has 
$1000 capital. 
Axu—It i> neither easy nor pleasant to 
answer questions of this kind, however great 
the Interest felt in the inqirrer, so very much 
depends on the character of the m'.n, and the 
chance of his settling ou good land in a good 
location and among good neighbors. ‘‘Gen¬ 
erally speakir g" however, it may be said that 
the climate of Nebraska is less favorable 
than that of Florida to people inclined to con¬ 
sumption. The wo-k, too, in “generalfarm 
ing” in Nebraska and, indeed, in all the fron¬ 
tier States end Territories is v r. hard and 
attbe outset comforts would be thought very 
few in number ani pior in q tality hy one 
brought upas our fii-n 1 appear*to have been 
and who has only $1,000 with which to “be¬ 
gin <he world"; ant in the severe Winters 
“comforts’’ are needed there by one in “ deli¬ 
cate” health. R >bu*t health, energy and an 
aptitude for bard work combined with a ca¬ 
pacity fir enduring hardships manfully at 
the outset are the requisites not only for 
brilliant success bu r . even for gaining a fair 
livelihood in all our frontier S ates and Ter¬ 
ritories. With a disposition naturally ener¬ 
getic. however, pjople “ incliued to lung dis 
eases” have done well in stO'“k rai-ing on the 
high, dry ranges of Colorad \ som* parts of 
Wyoming ani i t Oregon; but for such per¬ 
sons we fear the labor of “general farming" 
would tie rather too hard even in any of these 
places, especi.lly if they have been unaccus¬ 
tomed to it. F >r the right sort of man. how¬ 
ever, we think Nebraska offers mure oppor¬ 
tunities f >r success in life than are to he found 
in Florida. The same qualifications that woul 1 
lie likely to win succ*s* in the Wes'ern States 
would be about equally durable in tb*> Lind 
Of Flowers; »ut the latter is more likely to 
prove a satisfactory abode to the “weak¬ 
lings" of society, who are not very amb tious 
of accumulating wealth. Owu g to the gen¬ 
ial climate, few ar’ifi -Ul “comforts" are 
needed, and these few are of a kind that cost 
little. After several years’ experience of 
Florida, and considerable acquaintance with 
every other S ate in the Union, the writer 
know* no place in the United States where a 
livelihood, can be secured more easily and 
pleasantly than in Florida, by one who is con¬ 
tent wi> b a livelihood. 
SCALE OF POINTS FOR DUTCH CATTLE. 
F. K. M , Watertown, N. Y,: What is the 
scale of points tor Holstein cattle ? 
Ans.—F ur “Holsteiu” caitle no scale of 
points has yet. been ad< pted but a committee 
has been appointed to drsf, one, and tLis will 
repot at the next am utl meeting of the 
Association of Breeders of Thoiongbbred Hul 
stein Cattle. The following is the ”S ale of 
Poinis” for Dutoh-Frietdnn Cattle, whica are 
substantially identical with those generally 
known as “ Hulsteins": 
BULL. 
1 H"a<1 c mpa r 8tlvely flue.. 4 
2 Foieh-sd mode ste > dishlnic. 2 
&. Face fine y lapermg to a m *d> rateiywide muzzle 2 
t F.< es men tin di rme'y Urge -• .. . 2 
5 . Ho nsU'O t fine, l e lining f-rvard, . 8 
fi Neck line m l>u* hm ». well set in the shoulders 6 
T sn ul e 8 low Proud and t ick.. .. 5 
8 rhcsi low. round mol tub. 5 
9 Oops IU I >»*"l • vnl wii n shnul eis . . 5 
10 Clu e-trulghl. not rising ubuve the nhoulder 
blades... .. .. 6 
11 B-nrel roni d well r bbed up l • the blps. 5 
12 1* lu iind bii * trilinri aim lull........ . ..•■•••■ 5 
IS Knmi> M Hi, b • U'l nd level , . ' 
14 obi 1. at ibi' point hi bind full. 5 
IV Quai tern b-ns and m might, wide at tbe stifle.. 8 
111 Flank ueep and fu l ... 8 
1 ? Legs ho it nt'aighi and c imptratlv ly fln-*.... 4 
IS. rail lil h Mt U* M-un g laparing fliiely tu nwtcb a 
19. H indi ng nori aud nu ll w .skin nr derateb thin 8 
Jll Hotr lino »<>fi andiilont-y .... . 8 
21. Escuti Ueon let eiHM* St Order C< vered with 
flue noft hair and dninlMlff of yellowish or 
mu' keen color. I high ovals . .. 12 
22. Color evenly variegated. 8 
Perfection. FO 
milch cow. 
l. vead comparatively fine. 2 
2 F. reher d nrodt r telj dPhlng.. 1 
8 Fa e moder leb long tape mrg to a wl le muzzle 2 
4. Lyes ml"', m derateiy large. 1 
3. Jio ns short. One, lncimlug Inward t.uu slightly 
downward.......... 8 
6. Neck line at the throat and well get to the shoul¬ 
ders.. 4 
7 Shortl.lers'ow and mod-rately thl k. S 
R C'he-t l"w roun i and ra derateiy full . 4 
9 Crops tu 1 and level w | h thp sh ub'ers. 4 
40. t hi e not rMngabove lire h boubler blades, In¬ 
clining iipwnr « »o th* fail swtt s'ritlgh .... 8 
H Barrel r. urd, enlarging towards n e h pa.. 4 
12, I/dn aud hip* broa" and fii'l .. ■< 
18 Rum high, broad an 1 level,with roomv pelvis 7 
it. Whirl, at this point broad h'ghat'd ru'l .... 3 
15. Ouar cm long, «'might. mod rately developed 
ilnwiiw rd. wide at the *i Ifle.... 3 
lfi Fleuk deep and full .. 2 
17. Legs <*> rt. stmight, flne-b ued.. 4 
18. Tati high a tig getting, tapering finely to the 
MWlteh . 2 
19 Hb'irl'1 UK soft ftfldm How, akin moderately tbln 8 
20 11 nlr line, soft nnd ah 8=y... 2 
21 I'd h*r ••*» mein a with even quarters. 10 
22. Milk veins large, crooked, rurtnlog well for¬ 
ward branched .,. 8 
23. Te*tg Bet wlfl.* »p r', of convenient size, black 
or olsek and « bite. .. 2 
24. E-cutehe n t<t class l t order, covered with 
fine s 'fr hai , "andrulY yellowish or nanseen 
In color ihltrh '-vitls. 12 
25. C'ol r evenly variegated... 
Perfo~tlo->. . 10JJ 
with a youoK female, not developed In udder ai d 
ml k veins, 21 and 22 are left out; perfection, 87 
j o'nts. 
SPENT HOPS AND NIGHT SOIL AS FERTILIZERS. 
M. W., Wheeling, W. Va. What is the 
value of the refuse hops from breweries com¬ 
pared with horse manure, for fertilizing pur¬ 
poses? 2. Is night soil as v-luab'eon a garden 
spot as well-rotted horse manur 1 
Axs.—1, Speot hops are highly valued by 
the market gardeneis and are considered,worth 
more than the best horse manure. By analy¬ 
sis they compare as f ‘Hows: 
Composition (per ton) of 
Spent hops Horse manure. 
Nitrogen 23ft lit'. 
Ash 7'ft 6on>. 
Potash 3 0 J Jh 101b. 
chosphorlc acid 8 4ft 4ft. 
The potash of the fresh hops is largely 
washed out of them in the processof brewing; 
the a*b of fre«h hops is rich in potash, con¬ 
taining 373< per cent of it; but this is nearly 
all lost iu the steeping and boiling to which 
thev are subj etei. Tiny are worth nearly 
twice as much as lime manure, however, 
and when well rotted mtkea valaib'e manure, 
being free from weeds and so fine as to become 
very evenly mixe i with the soil by b irrowing. 
2, Night s>il when free from waste matters, 
is about twice as ri -h in nitrogen and phos¬ 
phoric acid, and only half as rich in potash, 
as horse manure. It has then one advantage 
however, as the spent hops. It is not nearly 
so valuables fertilizer as some persons believe, 
who have the itnoression that it is nearly 
equal to guano. Oi the contrary, in its u-ual 
con lition it it rarely worth any more than 
common yard manure; but even at that value 
it should not be neglected. 
SOWING CLOVER. 
II E. P., Auburn, N. Y,—lt I should sow 
clover alone in the Spiing. how n uch of a 
crop would I get in the S immer compared 
with what I would get a year from that time 
if I bad sown clover with grain 1 
A NS. —Clover is a biennial plant, if not a 
short-lived perennial, as some liotanists be¬ 
lieve. Therefore it cannot reaeh its full de¬ 
velopment— f bat is, its period cf fruit or 
seeling — until the secoud year. Its first 
growih is slow, and the young plant, very 
sle derly roe'ed and tender, is billed by frost 
or by a few days of d»y, hot we»tber soon 
after sowing. It is on this account that it is 
sown with grain in the Spring, and when so 
sown on good soil it covers tbe ground well in 
the Fall and aff mis fair pasture. When 
sown alone in the Spring, and the weather is 
favorable to its growth, so that it gets no 
check, and the soil is rich, it will afford a cut 
ting of two or more tons of bay per acre in 
Julj, and a second cutting the next season 
equal lo or better ihan this. But this i* rarely 
done In an experience of 25 years the writer 
has known of such a cai-e but once, but many 
cases where tbe sole sowing failed a'togetber. 
A very good catch is of en got by sowing 
clover early in August with turnips. But the 
weather is the largest element io the question 
of success or failure, and this must be taken 
into account when considering the time and 
manner of sowing. 
MALIGNANT ANTHRAX IN A COLT. 
R. M. M., Rush'ill?, Jll —What ailed my 
two-and-a half year-old colt? Here are the 
symptoms; At fi st his right shoulder was so 
Line that he could not use it at all; but there 
was no swelling. Next morning ihat shoulder 
was apparently as sound as the other, tut the 
animal was stiff all ever, and the right hfnd 
hock was bidly swollen. The third day it 
would walk all the time and try to clinch on 
over a frnce or any other ol j -ct, frothing at 
the mouth, moaning, and setm ng to have 
lost all intelligence. It died on the seventh 
day. 
Ans —The disease was malignant anthrax, 
with ex ernal effusions—outward swell ngs 
which appear and disappear sud reappear in 
other parts. It is a disease of the blood pro¬ 
duced by contagion from diseased animals— 
cholera hogs or poultry—or from their drop¬ 
pings or secretions, or by malarial influences 
from undrained soil; frtni hot, dry weather, 
or from damp and fetii exhalations from the 
soil When not pioperly and immediately 
treated, it is quickly fatal, being closely akin 
to bog cholera—so called. The treatment 
should consist of an active do«e of sabs for a 
colt like this—four ounces of Epsom oi G1 mber 
salts; and afterwards a dram of hyposulphite 
of s' da once a day. The swollen parts may 
be bathed with camphorated spirits. 
HOW TO DESTROY SORREL. 
A. B., Pentwater, Mich,, desires to know 
how to destroy sorrel. 
Ans. —It has bee - said that sorrel is the re 
suit of an effort of nature to throw off tbe 
acid in the soil, and the u c e of lime to 
sweeten the soil has been recommended. 
Most of our readers will not be ready to ac¬ 
cept this statement, first, because the acid 
of plants comeB, not fiom the soil, but from 
the atmosphere, and, second, became sorrel 
has been known to grow near old-lime kilns 
and asb heaps. If a liberal supply of Jime or 
ashes be scattered over a fi"ld where sorrel i« 
growing it may destrov it; 1 ufc it is owirg to 
the renewed vigor of growth imparted to the 
clover or meadow* grasses, 1 bus enab'ing them 
to reduce the sorrel to its normal condition 
of subjection. Sorrel is rn st abundant wliere 
grass has been wiuter killed, or where tbe 
the soil has h«.eome exhausted by continual 
pasturage We should recommend an appli¬ 
cation of lime or ashes, and if this does not 
give the weakened clover and grass roots suf¬ 
fice nt strength to overcome the growth of 
sorrel, a top-dressing of fine stable manure 
would be advisable. Tbe grass roots or seeds, 
however, must be there, else the applications 
wiil be of little avail. 
DISHORNING A CALF. 
“Subscriber," Va .—How shall I make and 
keep my four-months-old Jersej bull calf 
hornless. 
Ans —It should have been done when the 
horn* first appeared on the surface. The but¬ 
ton is then sliced off with a sharp ki.ife and 
touched with a very hot-iron; the hotter it 
is the less pain is o''ca*ioned; a white-hot iron 
destroys sensibility on the instant of touch 
Now the same operation must ^e performed, 
but it m«y need to be repeated, at least so far 
as the cauterizitinn, which destroys the horn 
cells and prevents further growth. 
MISCELLANEOUS. 
J. B ., St. Catherine's Canada, I tried a 
part of the different varieties of wheat sent 
out by »he Rural in its last Free Seed Di - 
tiibution as Spring wfipat; but not a head 
was formed. N >w if we sow the Black- 
bearded Centennial as a Spring wheat, 1 feel 
enfi lent the outcome will be similar. If we 
coul t get it now bo as to be able to sow it as 
a Fall wheat, we could save a year. 
Ans. —Tbe kinds of wheat sent out in the 
Rural’s Last Di rnbution were known to b® 
Wiuter kinds. We n erely suggested that 
they be tried as Spring wheats as an experi¬ 
ment. Tbe Black-bearded Centennial isknown 
to havedone wpll iu many parts of tne coun¬ 
try both as a Spring and Winter hind We 
cannot send out the wheat before we have it 
to s-end. 
H. D., Buffalo, N. Y —Would it injure a 
three-year-old mare to raise a colt from her 
before she has been broken? 
Ans —No. For the sake of securing de¬ 
sirable offspting, however, it is found advisa 
ble that when the dam is immature—which 
she will be until her dentition is completed 
whe about five ye^rs old—the sire si nuld b* 
at least «igbt or trn y'psrs old; for one or the 
other of the parents should be of mature age. 
If brth are very young or very o’d, the pro¬ 
duce is generally small and weakly. There 
are many who say that a mare should be six 
years old before she is used for breeding pur¬ 
poses, but some of the most successful horses 
on the race cour*e, trotting-trsck and for gen¬ 
eral purposes have heen.bied from mares 
from three to five years old, but in all such 
cases the sire was aged. 
C FI. H Millington. Del— 1 If a two horse 
cultivator has ever been used on the Rural 
Experiment Ground*, how did it work? 2 H-*s 
a sulky plow been used there? or, 3, a broad¬ 
cast manure spreader 
Ans.— 1, Yes. We have med it in corn. 
Several of our farmers never use a hoe in 
com The cultivator is used both ways and 
can be set to hill up as much as needed. We 
prefer flit cultivation ami u-e at present the 
spring-tot th wheel harrow and cultivator 
with which we are much pleased. 2. No. 3. 
No. We have seen Kamo’s only. 
J y. M., Lincoln, hi'l .—What ails my 
Concord Grapevines? The growing vines 
are dark-colored and rough; tbe fruit Is small 
and speckled or knotty; the leaves curl up 
and partially die. A few tolerably laige 
yellowish beetles are found on them, what are 
they ? 
Ans— Tt is mildew, no doubt. We have yet 
to see the vine Ihe present season that shows 
no signs of mildew. The specks ou the grapes 
are grape rot perhaps. We cannot say 
what tbe beetles are without specimens or a 
j drawing. 
[ T. H , Ottawa, III .—How far apart should 
Norway apruoea be planted for a hedge? 
Ans. —To produce an effective sh< Rer or 
hedge in the shortest ivriod, tbe pblits should 
bt set from four to six feet apart in the row 
or line, ar.d be allowed to grow nndi-turbed, 
so far as pruning is concerned, until tbe lead¬ 
ing or top shoot reacies tbe required bight. 
Th.m by merely trimn ing the top. *'> as to 
keep it at Ibis flight, the side branches will 
spread and Interlace, formi- ga very iflLctive 
and handsome screen or hedge. 
II, E. P Auburn, N Y —Would coal 
ashes be beneficial to clay soil? I’ so, of Low 
much benefit in comparison wiili baruyaid 
manure? 
Ans. —Many say that coal ashes would be 
beneficial on such soils on account of their 
mechanical effect in rendering them loose; 
but from our own experience we doubt that 
coal ashes wil benefit clay soils Coal 
ashes cannot be compared to barn-yard ma¬ 
nure. They have very little, if any, fertil¬ 
izing properties Ocher an -wers later. 
M. S, D., 3Jason, IU., asks: 1, how onions 
can be kept well lhn ugh Winter; 2. if one 
hard fte*ze ppoi s onions or whether if. is the 
freezing 8ni thawing; 3, what is the legal 
weight per bu-hel, of oi i >nt? 
Ans —1. Store them in any dry place, as 
on the barn floor; no dampness *-h uld 
reach them; 2 It will do onions no harm 
to freeze baid if they are not allowed 
to thaw out; alternate fret zing and thawing 
injures them. 3 In your S*.ate 57 pounds. 
J. L, East Biidgeirater, Mass., where 
can B ack hearded Centennial wheat be 
bought in quiutity ? 
Ans.—W e havertc^ived very many ques¬ 
tions liketheabove. We do not know atpres- 
enc. Should judt e that it w ill las < ffered in 
small quantities by all seed-men who can get 
it. Simples wh'ch we haves- en show that it 
is badly mixed with G Idea Giaius and other 
kinds. 
P. L. N.. Lanesbom. Pa. The catalpT 
seed sent me bv the KURsL last Spring w, re 
olanttd in a h »t, and *ome of them have 
grown finely. H >w should they be managed 
this Fall—sV uld they be sst out permanently 
or Lie kept in the hou.-e ? 
ANS.—It might be s fer to keep them in the 
house until next Spring. 
Wm G. Marshall, H isconsin .—It is nc 
unusual fi r D<-nt ( orn to eucker. The Mag¬ 
num Bo< uui Fo r ato is au in'ei mediate kind. 
We piesume you refer to the An erican 
variely by tbar name. There is also an Eng¬ 
lish Magnum Bouutu. 
T. Fi II., Moorescille, Ind , sends plant for 
name. 
Ans —Itseemstobea G dden rod Solidagr), 
but we cannot identify it positively without 
blooms. 
S. E. A., Glenwood, N. Y., ask« for like¬ 
nesses and brief information of Lincoln and 
Oxford Down sheep. 
Ans.— See “Sheep Husbandry” Depart¬ 
ment. 
IF P., J etaluma. Cal.: asks for 1 foirni- 
tion «b ut tt.e planting ot basket willow. 
Ans> —Full information is given in an article 
under “Arboricullur 
F. K M., Watertown, N. Y. T wis-h to in 
quire through > our pap*r for informal ion in 
regard to which is the most valuable Fall 
wheat with regard to haidiuesB, y i lu, quality 
freedom from smut and rust. 
Ans —Ch«nip'on An ber fills the requisi¬ 
tions as well as any we thmb of, 
E F., Joy, N. Y .—Where can I precure a 
good Cbe.'hire txiaj ? 
Ans. —From E. W Davis, Oneida, N. Y. 
Several Subscribers atk *b. ti er we could 
not make a change in the d .te of send ug < ut 
the Black b'trded Centennial wheat of our 
next F. S 1)., a*, judg ng from ih>ir expe¬ 
rience with Ihe wheats of our la-t Distrit u- 
tion, they do not think it can be eu< ce>-> fully 
grown as a Spring wheat, aud they wish to 
try it as soon as pn* i de by towmg it as a 
Winter w heat this Fall 
Axs — We are always delighted to sati-fy 
all reasonatde demand* of our friends; and 
they will not expret us to ea isfy any un¬ 
reasonable ones Now we really cannot send 
out tl is wheat in time for sowing this Fall, 
for quite a large number < f very excellent 
reasons, but to save space we shall only 
tnen’ion one at present—we ehailnot have the 
w heat ourselves in lime. 
Communications Rkceived foe the week Ending 
8ATVRDAY Sept 16 IRS2. 
E. E. R S.—R. F. J -C G — R A. W -M-u. F. F N. 
thank you—-. C T.—W. J C.—*'Cl* m Ati (l' H T. H 
H . M D.-M. W -E W.-C. C R - F K P -J A F 
—F D c.-8. A W.-C E P., thank*—1>. I. H-A R 
A.—J. T. J.-C. H.M D-W G M.-I I •(>.(. 1 ■ O 
whem receP • d, H ai ke- E. E. B! - C. A G - B B . R 
—A. G. A -X. A. VC.— S. S -R. I. I -A B->. I. H — 
C C.—“Sn’ scrlhcr**'- vc B.—W. B. H - A W*—> F 
P_W H. C.-P. B.-J C S—L. A L. ihii.lo-J E 8 
—J T. L., thanks—W. U. C.—W, V . W1*. i~ L.—J 
h. -O. E P. Uuu-k*. 
