SEPT 3© 
so that the skimmed pans may be set down 
easily and steps saved. 
Tbe churn roo n may be on the north side, 
in which case it will be easier to warm it in 
Winter than to cool it in the Summer, and a 
part of it should be used as an icehouse. In 
this case the tiers of shelves will be broken and 
a door be made between tbe windows; or it may 
be on the south side and so protect the milk 
room, and this too would be a great advan¬ 
tage. Tbe cburu room should bi 1(5 feet 
square at least, or 13jtL8, as it is better to have 
it a little too large than too small. Tbe plan 
of it is shown at Fig 828. If it is pushed up 
to Fig. 327, the door will fit the milk house door 
and thus cover that, which will be found a 
great comfort in the Sum ner and far better 
when ica is provi led for the churning. 
In the pi in the door is on the west end. 
At >he left hand is a bench upon which milk 
pails may be set and kept; on the right is the 
pump and the washing sink with a drain 
Plan oic chklvks for Cukamchv- Flu. 32?. 
shown by the dotted line; this drain must 
have an air tiap; next to it is the churn sink 
in which tbe churning may be done and the 
churn emptied and washed; this saves a great 
deal of slopping on the floor. Tbissink should 
be well painted or lined with zinc. A drain 
is provided by which the slop is carried off. 
There should be a stove to heat water in some 
convenient place and in the Winter this may 
be used to warm the milk room by leaving 
the door open to air it. The butter worker 
may stand in this sink to dispose of the slop 
from that. A table would be needed uoder 
the window to pack tbB butter on and in those 
dairies where it is necessary to pick hairs and 
dirty specks out of the butter there should be 
light enough to distingu sh the smallest of 
these. A bin for salt may be made near the 
bench, which will be found much more agree¬ 
able than keeping the salt in a sack. 
When milk is kept in a spring pool much 
less room will be required, 16 quarts can be 
\ 
Churn Room —Fro 328. 
kept in each tquare foot of surface, and if the 
pool is kept as cool as45 degrees by ice,the milk 
can be skimmed the second day: Tous for 300 
quarts 20 deep pails will be required and a 
po<ri 8x8 feet will hold all the milk of 30 cows. 
A milk bou<e 10x12 will then be of ample siz*. 
The po 1 should be 18 inches deep tbe cans 
being 20, a'd frames need to b* put in for tie 
cans to keep them from falling over. The 
floor of a milk room should tie of cement; 
that of the churuing room should be of pine 
and painted so it will not become greasy. 
farm (Szamomi). 
ABOUT PLOWS. 
How do you like a left hand plow?” said 
neighbor Adams, a few days ago. “Very 
well,” I said, “but I like a right hand one 
just as well, and I have one of each. Some 
fields cau be plowed to the best advantage 
with the rigbt-buud plow, while others can 
be plowed with more ease to the horses with 
the left-hand. Then, again, a part of some 
fields can be plowed with one plow and have 
but little tip hill pulling, while tbe remainder 
can be plowed to the same advantage with 
tbe other kind. There is a little more capi¬ 
tal invested, but the satisfaction of being 
able to take such favorable advantages, 
making the work so much easier for man and 
team, will fully repay the outlay. Then, on 
most farms iu a hilly country there are pieces 
of ground that cannot be turned to any ad¬ 
vantage without a side hill plow, and I have 
one of them, too, makiug three plows. I use 
the side hill plow just as little as possible, but 
on steep, rooty, or stony ground, with stiff 
sod, it has to come out.” 
We have no sulky plows in this neighbor 
hood yet, nor do I know of one in the coun¬ 
ty. Whether they can be used successfully 
and be brought into general use bout here, 
remains for tbe future to tell, I very well re¬ 
member when horse-rakes and mowing-ma¬ 
chines were first talked of, how people would 
ridicule the idea that they would ever be 
used to any extent. When father got his first 
horse-rake we did not use it uutil we had got 
a good bit of the hay up, for fear it wouldn’t 
work. Now we run sulky-rakes, mowing- 
machines, reaping and grain drills any place 
where a coupl* of horses can stand up. Per¬ 
haps this will be the way with the sulky-plow. 
We complain now of getting tired and sore 
by being jolted over rough ground and stones 
by riling on mowers and reap°rs, and the 
next thing we shall hear, people will be telling 
how very tired they are riding tbe plow; but 
still they will not walk much to rest them¬ 
selves, Whether either man or ho-se will be 
benefited by the change is a doubtful ques¬ 
tion, but we will wait and see what we 
shull see. M. N. Russell. 
Jefferson Co,, Ohio. 
t Big- Prices for Potatoes. 
“Two and-a balE dolltrs per bushel for 
potatoes 1 Can it oe possible?” is what the 
Rural seems to say over the asserted prices 
of that vegetable, in a late communication of 
mine. Nevertheless, such is the fact, and this 
is how it happened. Home-grown potatoes 
are not popular for seed, became of real or 
fancied inferiority to those grown further 
north. Our growers cannot reproduce the 
handsome tubers of the experienced growers 
of the Northern States for many reasons, 
chief among which is ignorance. Here the 
seed for early potatoes are planted about the 
lOtb of March, covered with fresh manure 
and soil, and cultivated occasionally. As a 
rule, the croos as well as the tubers are srnal'j 
and the latter have unsightly scal»s on them, 
that are absent when no manure is used. 
They are left iu the ground till Fall, if not 
used in the family, and are rarely saved over 
Winter. What are saved are usually worth¬ 
less by the Spring, and recourse is had to the 
Northern seed. Our merchants last Spring 
paid about $3.50 p:r barrel for potatoes, and 
as they retailed them in small quantities, they 
made a handsome profit by selling at $2.50 per 
bushel, while the home-grown seed werenot sal¬ 
able. From a peek to a bushel of seed generally 
supplies the few potatoes used by the farmers 
in this section, and as a matter of course 
there are none to sell, G. H. s. 
Dorchester Co., M l. 
Applying Manure, etc —To obtain the 
best result from manure the first year, it must 
be thoroughly incorporated in the soil; other¬ 
wise the land dries out and the plants will die. 
Iu rnising wheat to obtain the very best yield 
the 6tubbie must be burned off. I am now 
turning up the stubble of last year's crop 
almost as bright as when turned under; and 
yet iu my long residence in Kansas I have 
been able to note a very favorable change in 
this respect. w. j. b. 
Salina, Kansas. 
Scientific, 
THE CONNECTICUT EXPERIMENT 
STATION. 
Fertilizer Analyses. 
837. Saltpeter. From stock of E. B. Botch- 
ford, New Milford. 
838. Nitrate of Soda. From stock of Merritt 
Beach, New Milford. 
Reckoning tbe nitrogen as worth 26 cents 
per pound, and the pota>h as worth seven 
cents per pound, the estimated value per ton 
of 837 i< $130 01, of 838, $74 31. The retail 
prices.as reported to the Station by the sender, 
are $30 per 100 pounds or $600 per ton for 837, 
and $ i per 100 pounds or $100 per ton for 888. 
SUPERPHOSPHATES AND SPECIAL MANURES. 
803. Dried and Ground Fish Guano. Made 
by Preston & Sons, Green Point, N. Y. Fiom 
the shock of E N Pierce & Co., Plainville. 
827. Bowker’s Prepared Dry Fish. Made 
by the Bowker Fertilizer Co., Boston and 
New York. From the stock of Coburn & 
Gde, Hartford. 
829 Miles’ Fish and Potash. Made by Geo 
W. Miles Co., Milford. From the stock of 
Olds & Whipple, Hartford. 
828. Cooke’s Blood Guano. Made by the 
Bowker Fertilizer Co. From the stock of A. 
C. Sternberg, Hartford. 
882. Soluble Pacific Guano. Made by the 
Pacific Guano Co., Boston. From stock of H. 
A Stillman & Co., Hartford. 
831. Russell Coe’s Ammouiated Bone Super¬ 
phosphate. Made by Russell Coe, Linden, N. 
J. From stock of H. A. Stillman & Co., 
Hartford, 
833. Miles’ I. X. L. Ammoniated Bone 
Superphosphate. Made by the G. W. Miles 
Co., Milford. From stock of Olds & Whipple, 
Hartford. 
830. Bradley’s Patent Fertilizer for Tobacco. 
Made by the Bradley Fertilizer Co., Boston. 
From the stock of A. C. Sternberg, Hartford. 
807. Baker’s Potato Manure. Made by H. 
J. Baker & Bro., N Y. From the stock of 
Wilcox & Judd, Bristol. 
806. Biker’s Corn Manure. Made by H. J. 
Baker & Bro , N. Y. From the stock of Wil¬ 
cox & Judd. Bristol. 
810. Srnckbridge Manure for Grain. Made 
b r the Bowker Fertilizer Co., Boston and 
New York, From the stock of S. A. Weldon 
& Son, Bristol. 
All the above were sampled by the Station 
Agent. 
820 Forrester’s Corn Manure. 
821. Forrester’s Oaion Manure. 
822. Forrester’s Potato Manure. 
The lari; three were made by Geo. B. Forres 
ter, 169 Front St , N. Y., and were sampled 
from his stock bv S. B. Wakeman, Saugatuck. 
Analyses and Vai.umtons. 
827 8'!) 828 83J 
Cost per ton .#33 00 10 00 40.00 4 /0 45.10 
Estimated value per ton $30 If, 85 38 Sc 10 S'. 04 30.28 
831 8,33 830 8"7 80fi 
Cod p-r ton.4000 4200 51)110 BO.u) Ml 1 0 
Estimated value per ton.37 '.'5 83 58 36 40 44 an 44 49 
810 820 821 822 
Coot per ton ....5 U1 5 00* 50.0 * r0<0* 
Estimated value per ton.842 39 5S.39 55.33 50.69. 
♦In New York. 
POTASH SALTS. 
809. Acron Brand German Potash Salts. 
William?, Clark & Co., N. Y. From stock 
of O. F. Strunz, Bristol. Sample drawn by 
the Station Ageut. 
823. Sulphate of Potash. From stock of 
Geo. B. Forrester, N. Y. Sampled and sen* 
by S. B. Wakeman, Saugatuck. Cost $6.50 
per barrel, containing 346 pounds net. 
Cost per ton.fin.ro 87 57 
Estlmat d value per ton.$ll 63 S3 88 
1U0 pounds actual potatdi cost. $6.44 7.76 
BONE. 
Pure Ground Bone. From stock of 
Geo. B. Forrester, N. Y. Sampled and sent 
by 8. B. Wakeman, Saugatuck. 
839. Richards’ Pure Bros. Made by Geo. 
Richards & Co. Samnle drawn from their 
stock by William Porter, Unionville. 
CHEMICAL ANALYSES AND VALUATIONS. 
824 KVi 
Cost per ton.$36 00 35 /0 
Estimated value per t >n.$34 13 31.94 
8. W. Johnson, Director. 
iUis.cfllfliu.oits. 
REPRESSIVE ACTION AGAINST IM¬ 
MIGRATION. 
EXTRACTS FROM A PRIVATE LETTER FROM EX- 
COM. GEN. LK DUC. 
Allow roe to suggest the preparation and 
publication in your deservedly popular and 
widely circulated Rural New-Yorker, of 
an article or series of articles on the subject 
of immigration, the present magnitude and 
character of which should arrest the attention 
of all who seek to direct or inform public 
opinion. 
Up to a certain period of our history now 
passed, it was undoubtedly wise as well as 
generous to make free offer to share with peo. 
pie of similar religions, education, and nation 
alities with ourselves, the extraordinary ad¬ 
vantages afforded l>y soil, climate and gee. 
graphical position of a continent awaiting the 
advanced agricultural methods of European 
civilization. 
As long as the European and Asiatic peo¬ 
ples were left to learn the advantages to be 
obtained by coming to America, through the 
ordinary channels of information, the immi¬ 
gration was normal, healthy, moderate and 
desirable, aDd was absorbed into the body 
politic with profit at d without any special dis¬ 
turbance; but of lata the systematic efforts of 
frontier States vying with each other for nu¬ 
merical superfluity; and of land grunt rail 
roads eager to realize and exercise the power 
obtained by large accumulations of money and 
great activity of busiuess, have resulted in 
such an intense and almost universal desire to 
emigrate among the masses in Europe that 
the exodus threatens disturbance there and 
disaster here. 
Over-production means poverty and distress 
among producers here as it does everywhere. 
If it be the over-production of woolens, cot¬ 
tons or other manufactured articles, it may 
effect principally those operatives—mtchanics 
or mill men—whose employment ceases and 
the delay and loss incident to a transfer to 
agriculture of the labor no longer needed in 
manufacture; but if it be over-production of 
farm products, no sale of such wares at pay¬ 
ing prices, panic, and universal disaster fol¬ 
low’ as matters of course, for with us all are 
dependent upon the prosperity of the farmers 
and their helpers, who aie a large majority 
of our populatiou; and the excessive immigra¬ 
tion now pouring into this country is but the 
prelude to over-pioduction and many other 
evils. 1 believe we have already as many 
people in this oountry as are necessary to its 
happiness and prosperity, and that the natural 
increase (doubling every 30 years) from this 
time forward is as rapid a growth as can in 
anyw se be ctiuldeitd detiialle. 
The small remainder of arable public lands 
is needed for our own children and grands 
childr.-D, and we have no light to di.-regard 
their interests by permitting the publ c domain 
to be divided among foreigners, The fact is 
too obvious to be ignored or passed bv with¬ 
out action, that the enormous influx of foreign¬ 
ers now coming and to come is a menace and 
wrong that should meet with speedy and de¬ 
cisive repressive action in the same direction, 
if not so radical, as that insisted up^n in 
our repression of tbe Chinese. 
I do not forget that you may not arrive at 
the same conclusion with myself, but opinion 
is free and whatever may be your thoughts 
after a thorough consideration of the subject, 
I, for one, will be clod to read them. There 
are many thousands native-born and foreign¬ 
ers who agree with my view of this subject, 
as I personally know.” 
Rural Notes. 
I INCLOSE senip'e of Bermuda Grass, to 
prove that it does blossom and seed here. 
[We examined the flowers under a glass, but 
could not find any true seeds.— Eds ] I got a 
lot of roots from Mr. Jones, B<rdsville Farm, 
Ga., last Spring, and planted them all over my 
pasture. Some are coming finely; in other 
places it died out; but it seems that the grass 
needs time to establish itself, for the growth 
this year is far behind anything that was said 
in its favor. 
read in the Rural that your farm man-I 
ager had a narrow escape from his young 
Jersey bull. I have such a one too, that, 
when not quite a year old, wanted to fight 
me. I then gave him a lesson which he seems 
to remember ever since: Quick as lightning, 
I stu k my thumb and middle finger into bis 
nose and pinched him. I held on as for dear 
life, when the bull began to bleat like a calf. 
I led him around by the nose until I was satis¬ 
fied that all the fight was out of him, then I 
tied him up; hut it takes a strong hand to 
grapple that way eveu with so young a beast. 
Although the bull shows no fight now, I 
always keep the corner of one of my eye* on 
him when he is around, for Jersey bulls 
should never be trusted. A solid hickory 
stick kept haudy somewhere in the yard, and 
occasionally a short but sharp stroke on one 
of his horns wilt teach him manners. The 
horns are very sensitive, and the beasts will 
give up at once if they dread injury there. 
Macoupin Co., Ill. G. J. Muhleman. 
RURAL BRIEFLE S. 
The Early Ohio Potato —How little is 
said of it! Its praises hare never beea loudly 
sounded ia print, and it has been left to make 
its own way, and this it is doiug right worth¬ 
ily. Mr. Augustus Hewlett, our much re¬ 
spected farmer neighbor and friend, was the 
first to raise it in our neighborhood. He pro¬ 
cured seed from Mr. J. J. H. Gregory, of 
Marblehead. Mass, seven years a^o, and has 
since raised it every year. “For what rea¬ 
son?” we asked. “Because,” said he, “it is the 
earliest potato I have ever raised. It cooks 
well—it keeps well; as well as any other. They 
always outyield the Early Rise, while there 
are fewer culls; are always eight or ten days 
earlier, and need but one application of Paris, 
green." The vines with us are much smaller— 
shorter than Early Rise, and they rarely 
bloom. They may be planted, therefore, 
closer and will yield just as well as the tu¬ 
bers never “strap g'e” in the hill. During the 
past season Mr. Hewlett raided the E irly 
Ohio on a piece of land measuring 42,300 
square feet Barn yard manure was spread at 
the rate of 15 tons to the acre broadcast, and 
plowed under upon all but a strip 24 feet 
wide through the middle, and Lister’s potato 
fertilizers spread in the drills at the rate of 
400 pounds to the acre upon all but this strip. 
Here no far j manure was used, but the fer¬ 
tilizer was doubled in quantity—viz., at the 
rate of 800 pounds to the acre. There was no 
difference iu the yield as between the farm 
manure and fert ilizers in quantity, but those 
raised in the strip with fertilizer alone were 
larger and smoother, though necessarily fewer 
in numbers, since the yield was the same. 
Tbe largest potatoes weighed one pound 
each. They weie planted 10 inches apart in 
drills two feet nine iuch?s apart The yield 
was 290 bushels, or at the rate of nearly S00 
bushels to the acre. Mr. Hewlett has used his 
own seed during these seven years, always 
selecting shapely potatoes of large size. He 
thinks that instead of running out, it is all 
the while improving. 
Now we wish that some of our friends 
another year would try the E »rly Ohio in a 
small plot, dropping one-eye pieces 10 inches 
apart in drills but two feet apart, using a 
sma I cabbage plow or hand cultivator, and 
avoiding all hilling-tip whatever. If the soil 
is light, plant five or rix inches deep; if heavy 
not so deep—three iuches, peihaps. 
Mr, Hewlett plows six inches deep, drops 
the seed, and then back-furrows. The ridg 
