SEPT 3© 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
871 
extending nearly across the udder with a dis¬ 
charge thin at first and gradually thickening. 
There is no swelling or apparent inflammation 
about the parts afTected. What should be the 
treatment? 
A NS. —These cases are due to neglected 
garget or inflammation of the udder. The 
probability is that a whole quarter or both 
the front quarters are involved and the inner 
glands are diseased. The milk from each 
quarter should be examined separately to find 
how far the trouble extends and should not be 
used. Wash the part out with a solution of 
oue drachm of chlorate of potash in half a 
pint of water, using a rubber syringe, and 
not a lead one—if necessary. Then apply 
compound tincture of benzoin. Dress the 
wound twice a day. Give each of the animals 
two ounces of hyposulphite of soda each 
second day for a week; then one ounce daily 
for a week, and then half an ounce daily until 
the sores are healed or the fetid discharge 
ceases. 
KOBE ON COLT’S HEAD, ETC. 
./. L. IF, East. Bethlehem, Pa., 1, My 
horse when at work persists on holding his 
tongue out at one side, how can he be pre¬ 
vented from doing so ? 2, What should be 
done to a running sore on my colt's head, 
causer! by distemper ? 
Anb.— 1, Get an unjointed bit and fix to it 
a plate of iron about two inches broad and 
four inches long, and round at the ends, so as 
to make a long, broad, oval shape; have this 
fixed in the middle of the bit, by a broad 
strap or ring' clasping the bit, so that it will 
move. This plate prevents the horse from 
putting his tongue over the bit and; unless 
he can do that he cannot hang it out of the 
side of his mouth. 3, For the colt, inject into 
the sore, twice a day, 10 drops of carbolic 
acid diluted with one teaspoonful of water. 
If the sore is on the top of the head (You do 
not say precisely where it is, as it may be all 
round the ear aud near it,) and the matter 
cannot run out, it must be thoroughly cleansed 
b^ injecting warm water and soap into it 
before the carbolic acid is applied. If it is on 
one side it will not need such careful cleansing, 
but it must be well cleansed in any circum¬ 
stances. It would be well to keep a plug of 
lint applied to it, if it begins to heal on the 
surface, until the healing has well begun at 
the bottom aud works to the outside; if it 
heals outside and not within, it will break out 
again. 
OCCULT SPAVIN. 
E. C. T. y QriggsUnvn, N. ./.—My mare has 
been lame for four or five months in her near 
hind leg. There are some of the symptoms 
but none of the appearances of spavin. No 
part is sore to the touch. After traveling 
four or five miles the lameness disappears; but 
after standing an hour she becomes lame 
again. When heavily loaded she seems un¬ 
able to put her heel down. 
Ans,—T he trouble is no doubt due to occult 
spavin, in which there is no local heat, tender¬ 
ness or swelling to be perceived. This is ul¬ 
ceration of tbe center of the joint between 
the bones. Lameness is tbe only symptom of 
this disease and this wears oil' after starting 
and reappears after resting. The treatment 
is rest; warm fomentations to the part for 
a few days or hot bran poultices; a dose of 12 
ounces of salts will be useful, repeated in three 
or four days. After the fomentations apply 
blisters. If the animal is young there will be 
the greater probability of a permanent cure. 
HOW TO RAISE CAULIFLOWER SEED. 
II. E. P., Auburn, N. Y., wants to know 
how to raise cauliflower seed. 
Ans.— In order to obtain cauliflower seed 
that can be relied upon, select those plants 
that can produce the most perfect heads. 
Place them in rich, deep soil; mulch the 
plants heavily, and water them freely and 
abundantly during dry, hot weather; tie the 
flower stalks to a stake to prevent them from 
being broken off by the wiud, and gather the 
pods gradually os they ripen, The plants so 
selected should have been wintered over in a 
cold-frame, and should have had perfect heads 
before the fifteenth of J une. in most seasons, 
however, the plants are destroyed by mildew 
just as the seed pods commence to form, aud 
so for as our experience extends we think that 
our inquirer will find it much better to pur¬ 
chase what cauliflower seed he requires than 
to attempt to try to grow it. 
THE ELKHORN VALLEY. 
C. L. II., C'orry , Pa .—With regard to tbe 
Elkhorn Valley, lately mentioned by Messrs. 
Holmes and Sweetland, 1, what sort of cli¬ 
mate has it ? 2. Which is raised there, Spring 
or Winter Wheat, and bow much per acre 1 
2. Is the land hilly or level I 4. Is corn raised 
there extensively i 5. What is raised there 
besides wheat ? 6. Is there any chance to 
make a good start by a man who has no 
money ? 7. What part of the valley is the 
best to start in '? 
Anb. —1. Healthful, invigorating and equa¬ 
ble, 2. Spring—about twenty bushels on an 
average. 3. Rolling prairie. 4. Yes. 5. Any 
of the cereals, and all kinds of stock. 6. Indus¬ 
try, economy and integrity are as profitable 
there—without the aid of money—as they 
could be anywhere.- 7, To name any specific 
locality would be invidious. 
TREATMENT OF THOROUGHPIN. 
J, El. A'., Park Hi dye, N. J. —My five-year- 
old horse has been troubled with what seems 
to be thoroughpin for the last three months, 
what should be tbe treatment ? 
Ans. —For a thoroughpin the treatment 
must first be the reduction of the inflamma¬ 
tion, which is the cause of tbe lameness, by 
cold water bandages or by blistering; and 
then the absorption of tbe effusion in the 
swelling hy use of a bandage withapad under 
it on each side, formed like hair an egg split 
endwise, so as to press firmly upon the swell¬ 
ing. As good a blister for a mild case as can 
be used is tincture of iodine well rubbed in, 
first shaving otf the hair from the part. The 
horse must rest during the treatment, as rest 
is an important element in it. 
CAUSING WHITE HAIR TO GROW. 
J. S., Vinita, T. T .—How can one make 
w'hite hairs grow on the brand of a horse or 
cow instead of hairs of the natural color ? 
Anh. —White hairs usually grow on galls, as 
saddle galls or collar galls. If a raw spot is 
made by blistering ointment, the new hair 
w ill in most cases be white or gray, but not 
always. Another method is to shave the part, 
sprea 1 warm pitch on a piece of coar.-e bag¬ 
ging and apply it to the place; leave it on for 
two or three days, then wash with elixir of 
vitriol (aromatic sulphuric acid) three times 
a day until the hair begins to grow, when it 
will appear white. A paste of chloride of 
lime applied to the shaved part for a few 
hours will also destroy the coloring pigment 
in the hair follicles of the skin. 
AN ARTIFICIAL SWITCH. 
M. M. P., Muskegon, Mich. —Our Durham 
grade cow has lost the bush part ot her tail,how 
can it be replaced ? Formerly very tractable, 
she seems unwilling to go to the pasture. 
Ans. —The loss of the switch is due to dry gan 
grene of the tail, unless it has been torn off by 
some savage dog, as sometimes happens. This 
latter supposition is strengthened by the un¬ 
willingness of the cow to go to pasture. An 
artificial switch rnay be made by stitching a 
bunch of hair from a beef animal’s tail, dried, 
to a stout cotton bag made to fit tbe tail and 
dyed of the color of the cow. This bag or 
pocket is drawn over the cow and buckled to 
a strap around the body. Or there may be a 
short pocket, a foot long, for the end of the 
tail aud a broad baud for the rest of the way 
may be tied on by tapes around the tail. Tbe 
false switch may be attached to a cotton sheet 
wrapped around the cow and fastened by a 
buckle across the breast as a horse sheet is. 
MISCELLANEOUS. 
W. A. C., Temple, Texas. —1. What is the 
address of Mr. Dalrymple, the great Minne¬ 
sota farmer ? 2. Is the report of the Commis¬ 
sioner of Agriculture for 1381 ready for dis¬ 
tribution yet 1 3. My cows have hollow 
horn and hollow tail, though otherwise in 
good condition, what ia the cause ? 4. In set¬ 
ting out willows how much should be left 
above ground, and when should they be set ? 
5. Where can I get information as to the best 
kind of beets to grow here ? 
Ans.— 1. Oliver Dalrymple, St. Paul, Minn. 
2. No. The delay in printing aud distributing 
the annual Agricultural Reports makes them 
practically useless except to the waste-paper 
dealer. Much has been said and written on 
the folly of printing them at all, and we 
heartily coincide in the opinion that it is a 
wicked waste of the public money to print 
such works unless it is done promptly at the 
close of each year. 3. “ Hollow horn" and 
“ wolf-in-the-tail” are imaginary diseases of 
cattle, generally said to be coexistent. The 
conditions usually thought indicative of these 
complaintB are in reality symptomatic of other 
ailments generally deep seated. 5. Full in¬ 
formation on this point was given in last 
week’s Rural. 
S. D. P., Malone, N. 1'. 1, How much 
nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potash is there 
in a cord of common stable manure as hauled 
out in Spring? 2, How much potash in a 
bushel of hard wood ashes? 
Anb. — 1, A cord of manure weighs from 4,000 
to 7,000 pounds, according to its freshness, the 
amount of straw in it and other conditions. 
To say then what a cord of manure might 
consist of would be like saying how much a 
wagon box would hold, having no particular 
size given. Good average stable manure con¬ 
tains in 1,000 pounds, five pounds of nitrogen, 
six pounds of potush and two-and-oue-half 
pounds of phosphoric acid. 2, Hard wood ashes, 
uuleaehed at 80 pounds to the bushel, contain 
eight pounds of potash aud five-and-one quar¬ 
ter pounds of phosphoric acid in the bushel. 
Leached ashes contain about one pound of 
potash and four of phosphoric acid per bushel 
W. H. C., Northport, L. I. 1, Isitadvisable 
to pull off the suckers of corn planted one foot 
apart in the drill, the drills being four feet 
apart? 2, Will corn stand as well with flat 
cultivation as when hilled up? 
Ans.—1, Wesayitis not advantageous to 
pull off the suckers from corn. We don’t 
believe it is advantageous—certainly not to 
the extent of paying for the trouble. 3, Yes 
it will stand up as well if several plants grow 
together, forming a “flat hill." The several 
roots are wedged together as it were and each 
helps to support the others. Hilling up has 
nothing to do with supporting corn as we 
believe. Corn planted a foot or more apart 
will not stand gales as well as when several 
grow together whether the cultivation be flat 
or otherwise. 
R. A. IF, Geneseo, N. F.—1, What other 
influences besides cold winds and constant 
heavy rains interfere with the fertilization of 
grapes? 2, How can grape thrips be got rid 
of ? 3, Do ordinary attacks of the pests upon 
strong-growing varieties do any considerable 
harm? 4, Do local conditions.tend to bring 
about permanent modifications of varieties? 
Ans.— 1, Insects, especially Rose Bugs, in¬ 
juring the blossoms. 2, By use of a strong 
light many may be killed at night. The flame 
must be exposed, and by shaking the vines and 
arousing the insects, they will fly to the light 
and be burned. 3, No, rarely, if ever, 4, 
No; only in so much as the vines are en¬ 
feebled. A “runt” pig seldom makes a fine 
hog, aud a stunted vine is seldom fruitful. 
J. IF. S. , Bowmanville, N. F, Is there any 
book treating of the relationship and obliga¬ 
tions of farmers and their hired help ? 
Ans. —The book required would be any 
standard work on contracts; bat a farmer 
would have difficulty in finding what he 
wanted or understanding it when he found it; 
that needs a lawyer to explain it. The re¬ 
lations, duties, etc., are neither more nor 
less than what may bo agreed upon between 
the men, and agreements should always be in 
writing and signed before witnesses so that 
each may know what he agrees to and is 
bound by. A farm laborer hired by the 
month should work every working day, aad 
care for the stock on holidays aad should be 
paid the wages agreed upon. 
R. J. K., Starkey, N. Y. 1, Will layer 
raspberry plants from the cane produce fruit 
as well as those from the tips? 2, If a grower 
can raise the layer plants himself from cane 
cuttings, would there be difference enough 
between them and those from the tips to 
warrant him in purchasing the tip cuttings? 
Ans.— 1, Plants made by layering the main 
caues of Black-cap raspberries make but few 
roots, and are weak plants, seldom making 
strong fruiting hills. 2, if the plants were as 
good as the natural tip layers, so few' of the 
eyes make tops and roots that it does not pay 
to use them. 
C. C.,N. Y. City, 1, How can I keep my 
coleus and other plants that will not live out- 
of-doors all Winter? 2, Who will start a 
flower seed exchange ? 
Ans. —1, Simply pot and place them in a cel¬ 
lar in which it never freezes. Hanging them 
up is useless. We believe it is only persons 
who have not tried this method that advo¬ 
cate it. Pits dug in dry places outside are 
splendid for wintering plants. Then the cov¬ 
ering is regulated to suit the weather. 2, 
Plant exchanges are impracticable. If all 
were honest we should like them. 
E. L. M.,Charlenvont, Va. 1. What variety of 
strawberries would be a good kind to plant 
near the Crescent Seedling to make the latter 
hear? 2. Which manure is the better for po¬ 
tatoes—stable or poultry manure? 3, Are 
Baugh’s (Baltimore! different kinds of raw 
bone reliable? 
Ans.— 1, Wilson, Charles Downing, Cum¬ 
berland Triumph, Miner’s Prolific. 2. We 
do not know. Something would depend upon 
tbe soil whether clayey or sandy, etc. Neither 
manure should come in contact with the seed 
unless well rotted. 3. Perfectly. Analyses 
show this. 
T. T., Springfield, 111., asks, 1, if there are 
any books published from which the German 
language may be learned without a teacher; 
2, what is a good work for a beginner in 
studying shorthand. 
Ans.— 1, Ollendorff’s German Method, 
price, 90a. can be obtained at any city book 
6tore. 2, Munson’s work is as good as any; 
price $1.50. Out of nine chiefs of the London 
newspaper reporters five use Taylor’s system 
of shorthand, while Pitman, Gurney, Mayor 
and Byrorn can claim only one each. The 
general body of stenographers prefer Pitman. 
M. A. McS., Salineville, Ohio. The navel of 
my three-months-old colt is swollen to the size 
of an egg and appeare to be growing larger; 
how should the swelling be treated? 
Anb. —Turn the colt on its back so that the 
swelling goes into the abdomen, or work it in 
gently. Then gather the skin together on 
each tide and apply a pair of clamps. Leave 
these on until they fall off, when the skin on 
the edges will have united and clo'ied the 
rupture. It is umbilical hernia or rupture. 
IF. B. IF., Canandaigua, iV. F. Where 
can I obtain the work on Houghton Farm 
experiments and the pamphlet on Prof. J. W. 
Sanborn’s experiments, both of which were 
“noticed" in the Rural of Sept. 9 cb? 
Ans.—T he first can be had of Major H. E. 
Alvord, Mountainville, Orange Go., N. Y., 
and the second of Prof. J, W. Sanborn, Agri¬ 
culture College, Columbia, Mo. 
J H. S., Loglown, La, 1, What will take 
iron rust out of cotton goods ? 
Ans —To remove iron rust from cotton 
cloth, apply powdered oxalic acid enough to 
cover tbe spots very thinly; then moisten 
it with warm water; let it remain 10 minutes 
and wash in cold water without soap. If the 
stain is not wholly removed, repeat with less 
of the acid. 
L. //., Davenport, Ta. Many subscribers 
would be pleased if the Rural would give 
some plain and practical directions for the 
care of Summer bulbs and tubers as well as of 
garden plants generally during the Fall and 
Winter. 
Ans.—S ee “Rays” by “Leon.” 
M. F. P., Maryville , Mo., When and how 
should the Rural Hollyhocks be removed 
in the Fall ? 
Ans. — At once. Merely spade them up 
with little injury to the roots, allowing the 
soil to adhere, and set them where they are 
to bloom uext year. 
G. B. P., Albany, III., sends specimens of 
plant for name. 
A NS —It is the Great Lobelia—Lobelia 
syphilitica—common in low grounds. It is 
a very handsome blue-flowered hardy her¬ 
baceous perennial, and with L. cardinalis (red) 
is worthy of a place in every garden. 
II. M., Ontario, asks how best to plant the 
catalpa. 
Ans.—T he same as any other tree that is 
easily transplanted. If you have but few to 
plant, dig holes large enough to admit the 
roots and t hen press the Boil firmly about them, 
covering loosely on top. 
IF. C., Wrightown, Minn. —What ailed my 
Fultzo-Cawson wheat planted on May 1 ? It 
grew splendidly till about a fortnight, and 
then stopped growing. Not a head was 
formed. 
Ans.—I t fails because it is not suited to 
Spring sowing. 
J. C. L., Camden, Ohio . 1 , When will the 
Niagara Grape-vine be offered for sale? 2 , 
Where can I get a true description of the 
Conover grape? 
Ans. — 1 , Not for several years. 2 , We do 
not remember the grape. 
M. R. IF,, Kent, Conn. Are the mulberry 
leaves inclosed the right sort for feeding silk¬ 
worms? 
Ans —Yes. They are the leaves of Morus 
alba—the White Mulberry—one of the best for 
feeding silk-worms. 
IF. S. Green Valley, III., asks for plan of 
of creamery. 
Ans. —See article on Plan of Creamery 
under “Dairy Husbandry.” 
.4, IF, Jamestown, .V. F. Will a butternut 
tree bear after transplanting? 
Ans. —Certainly it will bear if not injured 
by the transplanting. 
J. D. Scott, Tonganoxie, Leavenworth Co., 
Kansas, says;—“Will the Rural be kind 
enough to give me information as to where I 
can find out about the Eastern Shore of Mary¬ 
land—its localities on or near tidewater 
adapted to fruit and trucking, price of lands, 
etc? Where can I get similar information 
about the tidewater regions of Virginia? 
Wbat parts of either of these sections offer 
the best opportunities aod fewest drawbacks? 
One or two families of us think we can never 
be happy without a boat, an oyster bed and 
a school of fish, combined with the more 
stable culture of earthly things. 
./. W. — C. S. C., We cannot name wheats 
unless they are raised side by side for com¬ 
parison. Wheats change greatly in color of 
kernel and chaff in different climates. Hence 
it is that old kinds have from several to 20 
different names. We find many of the so- 
called new kinds are merely new names—J. 
W., we have not yet received onr wheat and 
cannot therefore distribute it this Fall. 
— ■ - ^ ♦ ■ — 
Communications Received fob the week Ending 
Batuhuay, Sept. 23, 1882. 
M W. .T.—H. S. W. -J. M L.—H. S. W.—T. J. Wright; 
report will he made In due time.—W. L. V.—G. F. C.— 
W. A. C.-M. E. P.W.-W. F. n. L. C. V, A -J. H.-L. 
S. Ely, for the prUe essays Vlbrrt Brown, thanks 
for wheat head It Us not Foltzo-Clawson.—X, A.W.— 
H. S.--L.C.—J B. L.-G. K. M.-M. C., thanks.—W. P, 
K.. thanks.—M. W.—E J. B., thanks.—M. W.—C D.— 
F. A. W.—K. K. P —W. F B -Mrs. Prex, for the Poor 
Farm Series. -W. B. Harlan, magulllcent heads, 
thanks. The water plant la new to us. Should re¬ 
quite flowers to determine It.—E. S. M.—D. E. S.—D. 
W. Z.-C. B. P.—T. P. X».—B. 8. W.-A. Kelly, for prize 
e*»*y.—W. lira. L. H.-W. V, 
