OCT 7 
T H K 
RURAL- NEW-YORKER, 
A National Journal ,or Country and Suburban Homes. 
Conducted by 
KLBEET S. CUtKiN. 
Address 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER, 
No. 84 Park Row, New York. 
SATURDAY, OCT. 7, 1882. 
Let all enthusiastically join the Rural 
army of 4 Seedling Grape Growers! Two 
hundred thousand seedling vines! Hundreds 
of them^ will prove a wealth to the nation . 
Now, horticulturists and pooiologists! you 
like Downing, Wilder, Barry, Warder, 
Meehan, Beal, Thomas, Lyon, Furnas, 
Hoskins, Berckmans, who love the blessed 
profession— help us by your aid and en¬ 
couragement 1 It will be worth more in its 
THE RUSAL 
most perfect thing of the kind in all 
England. There is one thing in the 
management of his poultry houses, which 
is different from any we have before 
l eird of, and that is, he makes the 
floor of sand and allows no roosts in 
them. The fowls sit upon this at 
night, and lay their eggs upon it by 
day. The sand is taken away after 
becoming a little soiled and replaced with 
fresh. For heavy birds, like the Cochin, 
and those bred especially of the largest size, 
as is the case with Mr. Proctor’s, this sand 
roost is probably the best thing for them, 
as it prevents crooked breasts, and tends to 
keep the fowls clear of lice. Grass plots 
kept closely cut with the lawn mower are 
here for them to run on and pick, shaded 
by trees from the hot sun. In Winter 
the houses are lighted and warmed by 
large windows; and all are well ventilated. 
The ground around is kept dry by tile 
drainage, and thus Winter and Summer, 
everything is well arranged for health and 
comfort. 
-- 
REFORMATION IN FRUIT AND VEG¬ 
ETABLE PACKAGES. 
jn the European markets, Australia is 
'ooming up as a pretty strong competitor 
in dairy products also. In Victoria the 
dairy interest, is becoming of first im¬ 
portance among the growing industries 
of that thriving province. It. is a 
splendid grazing country, and next to its 
export trade of fresh and preserved meats 
and wool, dairying is now attracting 
most attention. In 1861 the province im¬ 
ported 5,198,984 pounds of butter and 
1,925.548 pounds of cheese, and exported 
26,656 pounds of the former and 6,720 
pounds of the latter; twenty years later 
—in 1881—-in spite of a large increase in 
population which increased domestic con¬ 
sumption, the exports of butter were 
1,954,054 pounds and the imports only 
2,258 pounds, while the exports of cheese 
amounted to 1,216,979 pounds and there 
were no imports. Hitherto most of the 
exports of both products has been taken 
by the British, Portugese and Dutch 
colonies in the East Indies and by British 
India. No Australian-made butter is strong 
enough to suit the taste of the Chinese 
and Japanese, so that efforts to establish 
a trade with these people have failed. 
Hitherto Australian butter sent to the 
English market, has been poorly packed 
in kegs. These were not cleanly, the iron 
hoops rusted during the voyage and, 
although the butter was successfully trans¬ 
ported by the refrigerator process, it 
arrived in only fair condition and had “a 
tallowy anpearance.” The Australian 
Trade Review, however, warns exporters 
hereafter to pack fresh butter only, in 
freshly-painted kegs with galvanized iron 
hoops. To secure the butter fresh it is 
proposed to erect a refrigerating ware¬ 
house at Melbourne for storing the pro¬ 
duct in large quantities, and to send out 
buyers among the farmers to keep it filled. 
There has been no difficulty in disposing 
of all surplus Australian cheese either in 
East Indian markets or those of Europe. 
THE TARIFF COMMISSION GETS IN¬ 
FORMATION. 
The Tariff Commission which during 
the past week has been “swinging round 
the circle” in the South, has heard more 
about agricultural interests there than in 
the same length of time in any other 
section. At Nashville, Mr. W. IT. Jack- 
son, a “farmer and cattle raiser,” made 
the point that the foreign markets for all 
our agricultural products regulate the 
prices not only of what is exported, but 
also of what is sold at borne, and that 
while this is true with regard to what 
the farmer has to sell, the price of what 
he has to buy is controlled, not by the 
foreign market, but by the monopoly 
given to home manufacturers by our pres¬ 
ent tariff. Of course, he urged the need 
of a change in the direction of free trade. 
At Atlanta, Mr. English, the Mayor, 
favored a protective tariff for the proper 
development of the South: he did not be¬ 
lieve the South could ever become pros¬ 
perous and wealthy so long as the people 
depended entirely upon agriculture. 
Mr. Crane, president of the Chamber 
of Commerce, strongly objected to a 
recommendation made to increase the 
duty on cotton ties from the present rate 
of 35 per cent ad valorem to 11 j cents per 
pound. This, he said, would be to impose 
an additional tax of more than $1,000,000 
on the cotton growers,on a crop of 0,000,- 
000 bales, for the benefit of a few manu¬ 
facturers. 
At Savannah, Mr. J. Screven, a rice 
planter, advocated a protective duty on 
rice. lie said over 1GO,000 persons are 
interested in the production of the crop 
in this country and more than 155,000 
acres of the plant are cultivated. In the 
decade from 1871 to 1881 the domestic pro¬ 
duction of rice rose from 73,000.000 to 
121,000,000 pounds. If the present duty be 
removed or materially reduced the cul¬ 
tivation of the crop must be abandoned, 
ns the profit now averages very small. 
He maintained that the present duty of 
24 cenls per pound’was not sufficient pro¬ 
tection, because the cost of raising the 
crop here was $4.30 per 100 pounds, 
while Asiatic rice cau be furnished here 
at $2.90. A great deal of rice, it appears, 
is sold now below the cost of production. 
Mr. Screven advocated an increase of 
duty from 24 to 3 cents a pound on 
cleaned rice, and from 2 to 24 cents per 
pound ou uncleaned, together with a 
duty of 2 cents per pound on paddy or 
rough rice, and 3 cents on rice flour and 
rezina. 
At Wilmington, N. C., Messrs. Russell, 
McRea and Fremont would be content 
with the present duty on rice, but thought 
any reduction of it would be disastrous 
to the rice-raising industry. Mr. L. Z. 
French thought the maintenance of the 
direct effects and influences than half a 
dozen pomological societies which arc 
(and worthily too) so well supported. 
Our new posters and premium lists are 
now ready, and will be sent free to all 
applicants. 
•-♦ •» 
Mr. Douand has a strawberry which 
he says, is as sweet without sugar as 
others with. 
- 
Wk should like to see a corn that will 
suit the ensilage people better than the 
Rural Thoroughbred Flint. 
- » ♦» 
We find Livingston's Paragon and the 
Mayflower Tomatoes so closely alike that 
one will answer for the other, though pos¬ 
sibly other soils and situations may 
develop differences that did not appear 
in our tests. Livingston’s next new 
tomato will be called Livingston's Favor¬ 
ite. Thus we shall have bis Perfection, 
Paragon and Favorite. The last ought 
to have begun with a P for alliteration’s 
sake. But we forget the Acme. We 
have had drawings made of all and shall 
present them in due time with notes of 
comparison. 
A number of friends have written us 
of ears of the Rural Thoroughbred Fliut 
which they have raised longer than 15^ 
inches. We would be glad if our friends 
would send us such ears, charging U9 any 
reasonable, price for ear, postage and 
trouble. It is easy to put the ears in 
splints or strong paper, leaving open the 
butt end, as the Post Office requires that 
such articles to go as third-class matter, 
should not be sealed. The address of the 
sender should be written on the wrapper. 
0'ir friends may send the ears by express 
if onvenient. 
— . — . •» »♦ ■ ■ 
Dr. N. H. Paaren, State Veterinarian 
of Illnois, has sent to the managers of 
transportation companies doing business 
in that State a circular calling attention 
to Gov. Cullom’s proclamation, issued last 
November, prohibiting the importation 
of cattle from certain scheduled districts 
in the Atlantic States, except when ac¬ 
companied by a proper certificate of in¬ 
spection by a competent veterinary sur¬ 
geon describing the sex, age, and distinc¬ 
tive marks by which each animal may be 
recognized, and guaranteeing that such 
described animals have not been exposed 
to infection of contagious pleuro-pneu- 
mouia, nor come from any herd affected 
with the said disease. The companies 
are requested to order their agents 
in the scheduled districts not to receive 
cattle for shipment to Illinois unless ac¬ 
companied by the proper certificate. 
The shipment of young cattle from the 
East to the West for fattening purposes 
has greatly decreased of late, partly on 
account of hostile legislation and partly 
because of the large arrivals of cattle from 
Texas and the Plains. 
-» ♦ » 
HIGH-PRICED POULTRY, 
One thousand pounds sterling (about 
five thousand dollars) according to the 
English Live Stock Journal, is what a 
Mr. Proctor values some of his Cochin 
China fowls at; and he has recently posi¬ 
tively refused one-tenth of that amount 
each, for some of them, that is about 
$500 of our money for a single bird. His 
establishment for rearing these valuable 
fowls is in the vicinity of the cathedral 
town of Durham, and is said to be the 
An effort which will probably be suc¬ 
cessful, is being made to form an organ¬ 
ization of the domestic fxuitand vegetable 
dealers of this city. Last Thursday a 
meeting of the trade was held at which 
a committee of 12, appointed at a former 
meeting, reported some rules looking to 
a much needed reformation in the manner 
of conducting certain lines of business, 
with a view to facilitating sales. Under 
these rules four grades are fixed for 
apples, pears, and cranberries—extra, 
double extra, triple extra, and known 
marks, the latter including fruit of all 
kinds, from po r to fancy. There are 
three grades fixe! for Irish and sweet 
potatoes and onions, langing from fair to 
choice quality. The package adopted 
for dealings in apples, pears, and Irish 
potatoes is the standard barrel of 
New York State containing 100 quarts. 
In the sale of Irish potatoes in bulk 180 
pounds net weight are computed as a 
barrel. The ordinary flour barrel is 
adopted as the standard package for sweet 
potatoes, and the standard packages for 
cranberries are those established by law 
in the State of New Jersey. This move¬ 
ment in the fruit trade is in the direction 
of honest measurement. The leaders of 
the movement also hope to abolish the dis¬ 
honest practice of mixing poor and good 
fruits or vegetables in the same package, 
placing the good articles at the top and 
bottom and the poor in the center. The 
abuses which suggested these rules here, 
are equally prevalent in other large 
maTkett and doubtless the reformation 
sought to be inaugurated in New York, 
will be imitated in all the large receiving 
centers. 
DRUNKENNESS AT AGRICULTURAL 
FAIRS. 
For years we have strongly objected to 
horse “trots” at agricultural fairs on 
account of their demoralizing tendency, 
and lately we have noticed a stilt more 
objectionable practice—that of licensing 
the sale of intoxicating beverages on the 
fair grounds. If the holding of the fairs 
cannot be kept up without the aid of the 
money obtained from this disreputable 
source, it would be much better to dis¬ 
continue them altogether. We would 
earnestly urge upon the managers of such 
institutions to ponder on the following 
words uttered last Friday by Judge Fox 
in the District Court of Taunton, Mass., 
at which town an agricultural fair at 
which liquors were sold, has just been 
held. Said the Judge: “There are 34 
men in the dock this morning, the largest 
number that was ever before this court at 
any one time. I think the Bristol County 
Agricultural Society, instead of receiving 
bounty from the State as a benefioient iu- 
sfi utiony >ught to be indicted for keeping 
liquor aud gambling nuisance. Probably a 
more drunken and disorderly crowd never 
assembled in this city than was seen 
yesterday, and it is a shame and disgrace 
that such a nursery of drunkenness and 
crime should be opened every year in this 
community. There are men and boys in 
the dock this morning who took their 
first experience in drunkenness yesterday, 
all because the liquor was set before them 
openly and under the sanction of an agri¬ 
cultural fair. It ia idle to say this busi¬ 
ness cannot be stopped; the officers of the 
society have the premises entirely under 
their control, and it can be stopped if 
they will.” 
-- . 
C OMPETITIQN OF AUSTRALIAN 
DAIRY PRODUCTS. 
Besides competing with us in wheat 
protective duty of one cent per pound on 
unshelled and 14 cent on shelled African 
peanuts essential to the existence of the 
American peanut industry. Under this 
duty, imposed in 1864, the industry has 
increased greatly, Tennessee produc¬ 
ing from 300,009 to 600,000 bushels, and 
Virginia from 700,000 to 1,000,000. He 
also urged a protective duty on silk 
cocoons, as the soil and climate of the 
Old North State are very favorable to the 
raising of mulberry trees and of silk- 
works. 
At Richmond, Va., W. G. Grimshaw, 
presidentof a fertilizing company, thought 
Congress should not impose any duty on 
fertilizers, although they were largely im¬ 
ported this year. Mr. W. N. Jones, “a 
sumac manufacturer,” argued for an in¬ 
crease of duty on foreign sumac from 10 
per cent ad ml&rum, to $20 per ton. 
When originally imposed, the 10 per cent 
ad valorem was equal to $15 per ton, but 
under the present price of sumac it was 
only equal to about $2.50. Mr. Blonken- 
ship would be content with the present 
duty on peanuts, and said that a high 
quality of salad oil was made from them 
which was sold as the best olive oil from 
Smyrna and Florence, but, strange to say, 
he didn't advocate the imposition of an 
increased duty on genuine olive oil to 
“protect” this fraudulent product. 
-- 
BREVITIES. 
The price of samples for the Eureka Sap 
Spouts is ten cents, instead of 20, as stated in 
C. C. Post’s advertisement in our Fair Num¬ 
ber, 
We would like to have the competitors for 
the melon prizes offered to the members of the 
Horticultural Club, send in reports as soon as 
possible. 
President Fairchild, of the Kansas State 
Agricultural College, writes us: “We have 
just opened our Fail term with a larger num¬ 
ber of students than ever were present at one 
time before.” 
Prior to 1853 it was a criminal offense in 
France to break wheat, not five or six times 
as our roller mills do in making “new process” 
flour, but even twice, because it was held that 
to make flour bv more than one reduction of 
the wheat berry was prejudicial to health. A 
bad place for wide-awake, progressive millers 
was France in those benighted days prior 18581 
When you receive your trees from the 
nurseries this Fall, protect the roots from sun 
and air. Place them in holes large enough to 
receive them; throw in the earth gently and 
compact it without wounding the fibres or 
bark. Do not work the tree or shrub up and 
down. Compact the earth thoroughly as it is 
thrown in. Finally leave on the Rurface an 
inch or so of mellow soil. 
The Hereford breeders are out with a chal¬ 
lenge to the Short-horn men and to the own¬ 
ers of other “beef’’breeds, to compete for a prize 
of $ 1.000, under the name of “ The Butchers’ 
Prize,” at the next Chicago Fat Stock show, 
opening November 23. Some of the Hereford 
men have contributed $500 as their share of 
the stake, and invite their rivals to complete 
the amount. All they modestly ask for them¬ 
selves is to specify the conditions of the con¬ 
test and name all the judges. 
About a year ago friends of the polled An¬ 
gus and Galloway cattle met at St. Louis and 
formed a preliminary organization looking to 
the formation of n permanent society jointly 
r .'presenting those interested in both breeds. 
It was also intended to publish a herd-book 
designed to record the pedigrees of pure-bred 
Angus and Galloway cattle. Bince then, 
however, there appears to have arisen an idea 
tiat the interests of each br o I will be belt 
promoted by forming separate organizations, 
and it is now announced that, while no ill- 
feeling exists between the auportersof both 
br «eds, no alliance will be formed between 
them. 
TnE most successful breeders of sheep in 
England find that good—yes even rather 
high—feed, keeps their sheep in much better 
health than when They are not so well cared for. 
If scantily fed. they are liable to various dis¬ 
eases, and w hen attacked do not recover as 
surely and rapidly an a well fed sheep. This 
is reasonable, because when any animal is in 
good flesh,it b{stronger than when in poor flesh 
and consequently there ia less risk of being at¬ 
tacked by disease;so here is the advantage of 
generous feed coupled also with other great 
ones, namely a more rapid growth, earlier 
maturity, more wool of a better quality, and 
superior mutton when sheep go to the sham¬ 
bles. 
The arrival of a baker’s dozen of American 
trotters at Auckland, New Zealand, the other 
day, caused quite a lively sensath n. They 
were shipped from San Francisco and arrived 
in excellent condition, two on one steamer 
and eleven on another. Contractor, a Ken¬ 
tucky flvt-r, was the highest-priced, having 
cost $6,000 in the Blue Grass State. He will 
be used for breeding purposes, having an ex¬ 
cellent Ilambletonian pedigree and being of 
fine form. Should the venture turn out well, 
as expected, we are assured there will be 
larger importations of the same class of horses 
from this country, the home of the fastest 
trotters in the world. The Auckland Herald 
sayR the arrival of these American trotters 
markB a new era in the history of stock-raising 
in New Zealand, and United Btat.es Consul 
Griffon reports to the State Department from 
Auckland that trotting horses are becoming 
very popular there, and that a considerably 
trade in American flyers is likely to arise. 
