700 
OCT 44 
to skilled naturalists. Among them are 
the two represented at Pig. 341, and 342, 
These are both denizens mainly of the King¬ 
dom of N^paul, at the foot of the Himalayas, 
one of the few states in India that still re- 
maiu independent of British control. Fig. 341 
is the Mutanah which, in its domesticated 
state.serves as a beast of burthen and also fur¬ 
nishes a small quantity of milk from which 
ghee, the native butter, is made. Like the 
white cattle of Chilliugham, the Mutanahs ap¬ 
pear to be survivors of a much more numerous 
ancient race, and in a few' more generations 
the weather and the lateness of the season 
immense crowds made the meeting one of the 
most successful held for many years. At no 
other fair which I have attended this year 
have I seen such able and efficient manage¬ 
ment, and I congratulate the officers of the 
N. Y. State Agricultural Association on their 
success in demonstrating the fact that a State 
fair can be successfully run without horse 
racing or the admission of fakirs aud gam¬ 
blers. If some of the officers of sister socie¬ 
ties could have been present on the grounds 
on Thursday, aud have seen the 25,000 people 
The Mutanah.— Fig. 341. 
these beasts will probably become extinct. At 
present the number of them that are domesti¬ 
cated is small, though considerable wild 
herds are met with in the forests of 
Southern Nepaul and of Northern Oude. 
The Long-horned Oude, Fig. 342, is fouud in 
the suiue region as the Mutanah, but its habitat 
extends considerably farther to tbe^ south 
through Oude, to the Ganges. It is found 
almost exclusively in a wild state, though 
small herds have been domesticated by some 
of the wealthy natives more as objects of 
curiosity, however, than for utility—much in 
the same way as deer are kept in the parks 
of wealthy Europeans. 
present so intensely interested in the exhibits, 
it occurs to me that they would take pattern, 
and adopt some of the rules of this society, 
and annul those of their owu which admit of 
so many nuisances. 
The following show the receipts at the va¬ 
rious State Fairs held during the past seven 
years, from which it will be seen that the 
f ir of this year at Utica was unusually suc¬ 
cessful financially: 
1876, Albany.$7,952,82 
1877, Rochester.14,744.44 
1878, E tuira.U. 835 63 
1879, Utica......9 867,74 
1880, Albany.13,248 89 
1881, Elmira.13,159.35 
1883, Utica.15,540,27 
in such way that every additional movement 
would auchor it Armor, The remarkable 
thing about the present case is that the felting 
should be so beautifully regular. 
In shipping dressed poultry to market much 
depends on proper dressing and packing. 
Fowls should be killed by bleeding; should be 
well picked and the entrails unremoved. The 
crops should be empty when the bird is killed. 
The recent regulation on this point, as an¬ 
nounced in the Rural of Sept. 30, should be 
borne in miod. “Plumping” as it is termed, 
is accomplished by dipping the fowl after 
pickiug, in boiling water for about two 
minutes. After thorough cooling, but not 
freezing, pack in boxe< with a layer of clean 
straw between each layer of the dressed 
poultry. Eich package should be plainly 
marked with name and address of consignor 
and consignee and the invoice forwarded by 
mail. Avoid shipping poultry so that it will 
arrive in the city markets lutein the week- 
The Winter pou 1 tr 3 r -house should be thor¬ 
oughly renovated aud repaired before cold 
weather comes on. Fowls should not be 
allowed to experience any ill-effects from 
sudden changes of the weather, as a sudden 
and severe chill will do no fowl any good and 
will be injurious, especially to Winter layers. 
Thoroughly whitewash the inside of the 
building aud the perches before the fowls are 
put in; see that all crevices where the wind 
might enter, are closed up; make arrangements 
for proper veutilation; provide convenient 
nest boxes and do not try to keep too many 
fowls in a pen. _ 
E tgs are always salable in Wiuter, but it 
is impossible to procure hens that will lay the 
year round. If fowls are intelligently cared 
for there is no reason why a fair return in 
Winter eggs may not bo expected. But they 
must have sufficient food and a variety of it. 
We can’t expect them to lay, having only 
sweet memories of last Summer’s green food 
or a lively faith i i that w hich another season 
will bring. They need it now and all Winter, 
and with it plenty of pure waler. Chicks 
hatched in April will make good Winter 
lasers, but the smaller breeds will do well 
enough if hatched in May or June. A warm 
house, good food, pure water and constant 
c-re are essentials to Wiuter egg production. 
We sometimes hear tne question asked, 
where is the best place to locate a poultry 
farm when poultry and eggs are intended for 
market? If one can locate where he wishes it 
would be advisable to get in the vicinity of 
some large town or city, or on the line of 
some railway where transportation rates are 
reasonable. Another advantage in this would 
be that cheap food, as various kinds of offal 
and refuse, could be procured iu town. One 
should not rent expensive land, nor buy such, 
simply tor the purpose of poultry keeping, as 
nfeiior land is just as good. Grocers and 
private families are eager to engage eggs the 
year round providing they can be warranted 
iresh, andsm h can be sold at a good profit. 
But whatever the location, the novice in the 
business should begin on a small scale, and in¬ 
crease his stock as he gains knowledge and ex¬ 
perience in the work. A visit to some ex¬ 
perienced poultryman would be of much value 
to any beginner. He would of him be able to 
learn both sides of the question which by him 
self he has viewed only in one light and that 
the most flattering one. It is easy to figure 
out on paper immense profils in the poultij 
and egg business; it is always difficult to 
realize thpm. J. W. D. 
Sl)C JlaiumUst. 
MUTANAH AND LONG-BOENED 
OUDE. 
With an area of 1,556,836 square miles 
against 3,026 494 in the United States, India, 
or Hindustan, his a population of 250.000,000 
against the 50 000,000 of this country, y et vast 
tracts are very thinly populated, a majority 
of the population are still in a semi-batbarous 
condition and the agriculture of the land, 
which supports the inhabitants and affords 
largo exports, is of a primitive order carried 
on generally with the- rudest sorts of imple 
meats in crudest of fashions. As means of 
transportation and travel arc still slow and 
difficult, only a few railroads having j et been 
constructed, there is very little intercourse 
between the various parts of the country 
which are at all dbtuut from each other, aud 
some sections are little known to white men— 
even to the British tax-gather. Many of the 
animals to be found in some of the wild parts 
of the country are therefore hardly known 
SflridiLg.&c. 
NEW YORK STATE FAIR. 
[From our Special Correspondent.] 
The forty-second annual fair of the New 
York State Agricultural Society was held 
Total for seven years.$86,649 14 
The above does not include the amounts re¬ 
ceived for railroad admission tickets sold 
with excursion ticke f s, and held by at least 
nine-tenths of all the residents on the lines of 
the roads, nor the receipts for privileges, 
entries, etc. 
It represents simply the gate receipts taken 
more numerous and more representative than 
I have seen in years. Manufacturers’ Hall at 
no time could be found without visitors and 
during the middle of the day it was crowded, 
the beautiful handiwork of man, woman and 
child, attracting aud interesting all comers, 
Sewing machines, pianos and organs, spring 
beds, clothing, sporting goods, scroll saws, 
fancy goods of all descriptions made this de¬ 
partment one of study that might fully occu¬ 
py a full day’s time. 
The officers were generous in their offers 
for premiums on butter and cheese and yet 
the entries were very few, some of the classes 
having had only one entry. More attention 
should be given this department In the future. 
The Dairy Hall was well Ailed with dairy im¬ 
plements, the principal of which were the fol¬ 
lowing: The Vermont Farm Machine Co., Bel¬ 
lows Falls, Vt,, exhibited the Cooley creamers, 
the Davis churn, the Eureka butter-worker, 
and the Nesbit butter printer. Chapin & Smith 
Poultnev, Vt., showed Wooster creamers and 
the new Surprise churn. Childs & Jones, 
Utica, N. Y, exhibited steam dairy vats, the 
Blanchard factory and band churns, and 
American fruit evaporators. Moseley & 
Stoddard, Poultney, Vt., exhibited, Moseley's 
creamer and the Stoddard churn. Palmatler 
Spring Co., Leeds, N. Y. showed axle and 
bolster springs., Daniels, Utica, N. Y., the 
Daniels Churn. Van Denbury, Bacon Hill, 
N. Y. the Excelsior washer and boiler. 
Adams & Westlake, Chicago, oil stoves. 
Pumps, from Munn’s Pump Factory, Carth¬ 
age, N. Y. Johnson & Field, Racine Wis., 
exhibited the Racine farm mill. 
Floral and Pomologieal Hall was filled to 
repletion with an extra fine show of fruits and 
flowers. Messrs. EUwanger & Barry showed 
40 varieties of native and 10 foreign grapes: 
40 varieties of plums, among which was 
the new variety, Chester Damson, which 
attracted a great deal of attention, and 100 
different varieties of pears among which was 
the “Kieffer,” shown at this fair for the first 
time. A. J. Caywood & Co., made a fine dis¬ 
play of the new Dutchess Grupe. Mr. Rick¬ 
etts made a handsome exhibit of 24 varieties 
of his seedlings and hot- house grapes. Among 
them were the Excelsior Seedling, the “Em¬ 
pire State,” a new white grape exhibited here 
after having been off the vines for three 
weeks; it showed fine keeping qualities; Wel¬ 
come, a new hot house grape. No. 100, a cross 
between Concord and Black Hamburg, and a 
number of other new grapes that may prove 
in time valuable accessions to our native varie¬ 
ties. Our friend Mr. Woodward made his 
usual fine display of Niagaras. J. S. Stone 
in his display showed a new apple, the 
“Stump” of which the Rural may say more 
later. The general show of fruit was very 
fair—that of apples being about on average; 
and of piears very good. Messrs. Vick made 
a very handsome display of cut flowers, Pam¬ 
pas Grasses, Immortelles, etc., and Messrs. 
Sibley & Co. made a very fine show of bulbs, 
artificial flowers, etc. The amateur show of 
cut flowers, foliage plants, etc., was very 
good—fully up to the average. 
The cattle exhibit this year was very large. 
Short horns were not as numerously repre¬ 
sented as usual, only five herds competing; 
but this was more than made up by the very 
large show of Devons. Jerseys also were in 
great force. There was only one herd each 
of Holsteins, Guernseys and Herefords en¬ 
tered for herd prizes, although the show of 
Holsteins outside of herd enteries was much 
larger than usual. In the Jersey entries for 
cows three years old or' over there were 36 
head, in Devons- 35, in Shorthorns 26, aud 
iu Ayrshires 24. In each of these trials there 
were iu the ringsome remarkably fine animals- 
Mr. Erastus Corning had the only herd of 
Herefords on the ground headed by “Comus’ 
10 years old. Mr. Theo. F. II. Meyer carried 
off the herd premium on Jerseys with his fine 
herd headed by that grand old bull 
“Polonius.” In the Guernseys the only herd 
shown was that of L W. Ledyard, of Fern, 
wood Farm, headed by the bull “Fernwood.” 
The interest in the Guernseys is on the increase 
and we hope to give an engraving of this fine 
herd before long. The Holsteins were well 
represented; Messers Smiths & Powell carried 
off the herd premium. In their herd were 
several of the animals represented on the first 
page of the Rural’s Fair Edition. This firm 
entered 24 head aud carried off all of the 
first premiums but one. Mr. Frank Redfleld 
made a fine show of Polled Angus. The Swiss 
cattle of Terah Rider were also on exhibition. 
The show of horses was unusually large and 
good. Here Messrs. Smiths & Powell carried 
off the special premiums over an unusually 
large uumber of competitors for best draft or 
agricultural stallion of any age or breed with 
their thoroughbred two-year-old Clydesdale 
stallion “Standard-bearer.” As there are no 
speed premiums offered by this society, the 
large display at its meetings goes to show that 
horses can and will be exhibited without the 
trotting interest coming in, and that reputa- 
The Long booked 
upon the grounds of the society at Utica, N. 
Y. from Sept. 25 29 inclusive. The weather 
throughout the entire fair was fine. On no 
day wms it hot enough to be uncomfortable 
or cold enough to render extra clothing nec- 
essaiy. The heavy rains on Friday and 
Saturday previous to the opening prevented 
any dust and the grounds were never in bet¬ 
ter condition. Owing to the excellence of 
Oubk. — Fig. 842. a ~“ 
on the grounds from visitors from Utica and 
the immediate vicinity, the admission fee be¬ 
ing 50c. pier head. Front these figures an 
idea may be gained as to the attendance, but 
they leave the reader entirely uninformed as 
to the magnificent display of agricultural im¬ 
plements, the beauty and value of the live 
stock or in fact the display in any of the de¬ 
partments. All these exhibits were much 
