where the Pinus rigida has yielded good re¬ 
sults from such a method. 
When the land has been well prepared, 
broadcast sowing of nuts, acorns and other 
large seeds, followed by the harrow to cover 
them, has been successfully practiced, as may 
be seen on the farm of the Hon. B. P. Poore 
near Newburyport. Massachusetts. 
Sowing or planting the seeds of our nut- 
trees is considerably practiced on well pre¬ 
pared prairie lauds, by dropping the seeds at 
the intersections of the plow or corn-marker, 
with or without a few grains of coin. In this 
case we may anticipate the avoidance of the 
danger and labor of transplanting, which 
some persons dread, but this is offset by the 
wider surface of land that needs to be gone 
over in the cultivation during the first years 
to destroy the weeds, that could be more 
cheaply extirpated from the seed-tied. Many 
kinds of trees may be grown thus with corn, 
and the dead stalks after husking afford a good 
Winter protection to the young trees—some 
have even planted seedling trees with the 
corn, for the sake of thus sbelteiiug them. 
(To be continued.) 
of these our farmers have made some im¬ 
provements, notably in the trotting horse, the 
Meriuo sheep, and the Poland-Chiua swine— 
an abominably improper double name, the 
latter. It should have been Miami, in which 
beautiful, rich valley this excellent breed 
originated and was mostly perfected. C. 
small 
What docs this mean 1 “ Mr. -, of 
State of New York, a native of the Island of 
Jersey, is now purchasing Jersey stock for 
use on the island, and will accompany them 
out in May. Any person desiring his services 
to purchase Jerseys on the island, &c , &c.” 
It is said that all our cotton seed oil is export¬ 
ed to Spaiu and Italy, where it is bottled and 
labeled, “ Iluile cV Olive premiere qucdite 
and sent back here and sold for the genuine 
product of the Spanish and Italian olives, and 
much of our California wine is said to go 
through the same perambulation and trans¬ 
formation. And if the above advertisements, 
which I find in a Canadian agricultural paper, 
means anything, it means precisely the same 
sort of thing. Are we, then, sending our 
American-bred Jerseys to Jersey, selling them 
for a song and then importing them with the 
Jersey brand upon them and paying enormous 
sums for them ? 
FORESTRY-NO 9. 
DR. JOHN A. WARDER. 
Good preparation important for us— Euro¬ 
pean methods sometimes necessary here — 
rating and notching -Ruschel-weise I'fian- 
zUng—Sowing aud harrowing-in the seeds 
—Nuts and acorns; how sc', and when— 
Use of furrows or the corn-marker— Dis¬ 
tance apart — Cuttings by hand —Lazy 
methods—Spade planting — 3-mation plan 
of R. Douglas— Furrow planting by hand 
and hue—Seedlings or transplanted—When 
to plant. 
In a previous article, reference was made to 
the different methods of preparation for plant 
ing, and the importance of having that work 
well done was impressed upon the reader, par¬ 
ticularly on fertile lands and where such ope¬ 
rations as are needed for it can be practiced, 
because such preparation of the soil as any 
plowman can perform will greatly lessen the 
labor and expense of planting, uud it also in¬ 
sures the success of the plantation. 
As was indicated in that article, however, 
the plowing and thorough mellowing of the 
soil are not always practicable, as on very 
broken land, beside ravines, on steep hill¬ 
sides and among rocky ledges or in very stony 
plants. In such casts we must get along as 
well as the circumstances will permit, and 
adapt our planting to the conditions by which 
we are surrounded. We must, perforce, pur¬ 
sue the European methods,despite their greater 
expense and with their disadvantages, tor in 
forestry we must learn to labor and also to 
wait for slower returns. 
The natural preparation that is relied on in 
parts of Europe, where the felled forest-lands 
are to be again planted, wa< also detailed, and 
perhaps this method may become an important 
practice in some parts of our own country, 
particularly where the soil is thin, and where 
CnlffmffUnical 
Your sometime contributor, B. F. J., of 
Illinois, a most intelligent and accomplished 
gentleman, has given his opinion that hog 
cholera is mainly caused by malnutrition, con 
sequent upon continuous and excessive corn¬ 
feeding. Corn, he thinks, is a too carbona¬ 
ceous food, and produces an unhealthy state 
of the blood which offers every required condi¬ 
tion for the growth of the spe ial virus of this 
disease of the blood. Aud there is uo doubt 
his idea is w ell founded. 
THE CLOVER HAY WORM, 
Asopla Costalis. 
PROFESSOR C. V. RILEY 
This is a very widely distributed insect, for 
it oc. ursin many parts of Europe and through¬ 
out Canada and the United States east of the 
plains wherever clover is cultivated, having, 
no doubt, been originally introduced from 
Europe like so many other of our worst insect 
enemies. Among the multitude of insects 
affecting the clover plant it is not the least 
formidable enemy, and serious complaints of 
tho damage caused by it were already made 
years ago. 
Mr. RedfiklD (pa.'e iOT) makes a slight inis 
take in regal’d to the " horning” of cattle, as 
referred to in his quotation from the Dundee 
(Scotland) Advertiser. This cruelty was not 
done in “ the home of polled cattle,” as be 
assumes. It in an Irish practice. Tho.e 
beasts, “ Irish three-year-olds,” as stated, no 
doubt came from Ireland, where the common 
cattle are descendant of the old fashioned 
" long horns,” and as they have to cross the 
water in rather small steamers which are 
pitched about very roughly iu almost all 
weathers, ii has been the custom from “timeiui- 
memorial” to saw off the horns to prevent them 
from being knocked off with perhaps injury to 
ihe skull. It is not done so much now as for¬ 
merly, because it used to be dune with the 
West Highland cattle; but the law now for¬ 
bids it iu England and Scotland, I believe, but 
uot in Ireland. But this has nothing to do 
vvith the merits of the pulled cattle. I ac¬ 
knowledge them to be excellent beeves; but 
all the rumpus has been made because I object 
to call them first-class dairy cattle, and alto 
warn persons here against giving enormous 
prices for them on the claim that they beat 
the world for excellence. 
Other more vigorously-growing species of de¬ 
ciduous plants, however, would soou destroy 
the young pines, which, though fittest for us, 
would stand no chance of survival in such an 
unequal struggle for existence. 
The shelter afforded by such dwarfish under¬ 
growth is undoubtedW of great value, and m 
many places where plowing is impossible, and 
where other plans of planting, to be presently 
described, must needs be resot ted to, we may be 
glad to use their shading and protective influ¬ 
ence, but it behooves the planter to have a 
care as to the kinds of undergrowth among 
which he is venturing hia little tree plants. 
And this whether the natural growth be 
woody or herbaceous, for many of both classes 
would soon smother and destroy his planted 
crop. Particularly should he avoid planting 
among woody plants that rapidly uttaiu con¬ 
siderable si'/ a\ unless he determines to use them 
also as nurses to his plantation, and will de¬ 
termine rigidly to watch and subordinate or 
exterminate them by cutting, before they 
specifics to cure this incurable disease be let 
alone severely. Also that our Westeru farmers 
procu re the government report printed special 
ly for their use and which can be had through 
their representatives in Congress; and that 
they carefully study this report, it is a great 
deal to know the nature of the disease. When 
this is known, many new ideas present fiem 
selves to a person’s miud, which are all per¬ 
tinent. The report shows, for instance, that 
the disease may be spread far and wide from 
a field that has been manured with (he dung 
and litter of cholera hogs; or from an unburied 
carcass; or from a dried-up wallow; or by a 
stream at which sick hogs have drank, or in 
which one has laid down and died; and, again, 
in a score of other ways. In fact, there is 
nothing mysterious about it when all the facts 
are kuown, and I beg Mr. Barry will excuse 
me if I say that if the few facts which he 
gives are all that is known about it to him, to 
use his owu words, he really himseLf knows 
very little, indeed, of what he is talking about. 
___-♦ -- 
CLAIMING TOO MUCH FOR THE 
FARMER. 
The Clover Hay Worm.—Fig. Ti7. 
The natural history of the species may be 
briefly summed up as follows: During the 
Summer months the moth frequently flics into 
our dwellings and may also he seen on cloudy 
day ,or in theevinmg,fitting around wherever 
c over is being stack , d *r stored. It may be 
distinguished by its liiaceousur purplish color, 
the front wings being adorned vv ith two large, 
bright, gold®u-yellow spots. The eggs are no 
doubt fastened to such clover us the females 
can fiud access to by creeping into the cre\ ices 
and fissures which a stack afford.-. The worms, 
of different shades of olive-brown, flourish on 
dry clover and generally dwell within a 
delicate eyUnder of silk. Ho far as we have 
any positive knowledge, they feed on no other 
plant than clover. Yet l bey do not affect the 
plant in its gi’cen and growing condition, hut 
Devon milk is the next richest to that of 
the Channel Island cows ; it comes in this re¬ 
spect ahead of the Ay rahire, even, but they 
are not as a rule persistent milkers. And 
uow one may read of a proposition to cross 
the Red Polled Norfolks with the Devons, the 
object being to improve the form-r as milk¬ 
ers and the latter as beeves. Truly the more 
we hear aud read of these polled cuttle the 
more mixed the matter becomes. It is al¬ 
ways thus when one bites more than he can 
masticate ; or grabs more than he can pull 
out; he has got to let go or get stuck. Mr. 
B. F. Johnson hits the nail on the head square- 
Ly (page lo8) when he refers to the fact that 
it is the beet ol the polled cattle that is mak¬ 
ing them popular. 
As Mr. Taber in his communication on 
page 58, says he shall have notLing more 
to say in defence of his polled cattle, J refrain 
from referring to it excepting iu respect of 
one point. Mr. T. is spiteful, which is a bad 
thing to be. He says the writer was mak¬ 
ing a vicious attempt to defame the cattle aud 
to injure the property of their owners. This 
is simply malicious on Mr. Taber’s part ; and 
no person who claims the right to hold an 
opinion of his own should make such a gro^s 
charge against a person who holds a differ¬ 
ent opinion aud uas the same right to do so. 
I am sorry that Mr. Taber should so far have 
forgotten himself. 1 ha ve heretofore done 
Mr. Taber valuable servi e, although he may 
uot and probably does not know it, and 
would be glad to do it again, when oppor¬ 
tunity offers. Perhaps this would be vicious¬ 
ness too. But it is generally considered that 
the one who loses his temper is the one who 
has the worst of an argument, and 1 confess 
my temper is perfectly unruffled. 
Is this not the case with Mr. Chamberlain 
in his article entitled, “ Where we Farmers 
Sometimes Miss It,” page 10(5 of the Rural? 
la it that Ohio class of hogs of which “ it 
took three [spliced together I suppose he 
means] to east & shadow,” and which 41 out ran 
a bear” (uot a remarkable feat this for a racer, 
as the bear has rather a shuffling gait),thrashed 
a wolf, aud jumped a seven rail fence 1 ’—which 
last is rather better—I ask if it is this stock iu 
irs purity that Mr. Chamberluin asserts the 
farmers of Ohio have so improved as to have 
been transformed iuto the fine, fat, thrifty hogs 
of the present day I Has not this improvement 
come rather from the importation of foreign 
stock, bred pure together for half a ct ntury 
or so past, and their males crossed on to the 
females of the origiaal Ohio laudpikes, other 
females o’ this cross again crossed by the im¬ 
ported males or their pure progeny, till the 
stock now shows scarcely one drop of blood 
in a hundred of the original? 
Again, are we not indebted to foreign horses, 
cattle, sheep aud poultry for the present im¬ 
proved animals of all these kinds, rather than 
to those we possessed before these later im¬ 
portations were made? I will grant that out 
My friend Col, Curtis has a level head and 
be sees the point which l have been d riving at. 
Let us stop importing cattle ami begin to im¬ 
prove what we have. A good thing is sure to 
come to the top. If the Red Polled Norfolks 
can show as good a record for milk and butter 
as any other good dairy cattle, let their record 
