THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
it is not; capital is the first requisite, then 
feed, to insure one’s investment. In our 
occasional cold "Winters, such as the Winter of 
1880-SI, unfed cattle died by the thousands, 
while the losses among us who fed did not ex¬ 
ceed five per cent., if so much. Any man 
that is willing to learn, having a capital of, 
fay $ 2,000 to $20,000, can come here and get 
the above profits, a nd receive the benefits Of a 
healthy climate, low taxes, fair to good 
schools and as well organized and law-abiding 
a people as there is in the world. In my res 
idence of nine years here I have not known of 
a failure in cattle raising: our people are hos¬ 
pitable, and all newcomers wishing to engage 
in stock raising will be welcomed by all. 
Th°re is no herd law in this county; the herd 
law has been repealed and cattle and horses 
now run free the year round. This county iR 
the easternmost that is exclusively devoted to 
stock-raising, Buyers or feeders purchase all 
of our steers here and pay the above prices 
for them. Railroad facilities good: the Re¬ 
publican River Valley R R, is soon to lis 
completed to Deliver on the south of us; the 
U. P. R. R runs on the north. Cambridge, 
on the Republican Valley R. 11, is our station 
—a good trading point. Wm. H. 
Equality, Frontier Co., Neb. 
-»♦■»-— 
RURAL SPECIAL REPORTS. 
Arknnnas. 
Beebe Station, White Co., May. 8.—The 
season thus far has been rather »-et, but not¬ 
withstanding the wet, crops of all kinds, ex¬ 
cept cotton, are looking well. My neighbor 
haB realized from strawberries raised on a 
piece of ground 7'5 feet square $52 '>0, and $15 
for pi lilts, and one-fourth of the plants are 
not disposed of. S. w. b. 
Iowa. 
Uttca. Van Buren CMay 7.—Season very 
backward here. There was quite a hard 
freeze on April 29 and another on May 1, 
while on the 4th inst. we had the heaviest 
rain of the season; and another severe shower 
last evening. Even if we have no more rain 
it will he a week or more before any farm 
work can be done. A great deal of fruit 
in bloorn. Peaches are m t all killed and we 
shall have plums, apples and cherries, if frost 
does not return. There will bo a big crop of 
oats, and if the weather turns out favorable 
there will be a large acreage in corn. r. j. 
Maine. 
Manchester, Kennebec Co., May 4,1882.— 
We have had a good dea 1 of cold weather 
since March, and farmers are complaining of 
the season being backward; but I tbiu it 
not far from an average at thi- date. A 
pretty fair index is the melting of the ice in 
the lakes and ponds. This year Cobesiconte 
Lake was clear of ice by April 28, just about 
an average. To day the roads are generally 
settled and dry; but frost lingers in a few 
spots in therosds and fields; the remains of 
snow-banks still glimmer under the crests of 
the hills, and as late as April 28th, we had a 
fresh fall of snow three inches deep. The fields 
are generally brown, but in door-ways and 
other close-clipped spots the green grass is up. 
Winter grain is not grown here. Fruit treas 
have apparently suffered more than usual 
from the Winter. The full extent of the in¬ 
jury will appear later,—probably it is not 
serious, unless in nurseries. T had a whole 
row of the Milden Apples killed to the grouud 
in a wind swept nursery, and on sunny slopes 
I find the suckers around the trunks of large 
trees are in many cases dead. I hear of in¬ 
jury to the new growth on large cherry trees. 
Farmers are plowing early land, and some of 
them have already planted early potatoes. 
Early Rose is still the favorite with growers 
here. Some weeks must yet go by before 
cautious farmers will plant corn. c. w. a. 
Virginia. 
Marion, Smyth Co., May 6.—We had a 
very mild, wet Winter. Before the end of 
April oats were nil in and some corn. Wheat 
is looking fine. Corn Bells for $1. per bushel; 
oats, 50c@55e; wheat, $ 1.40. The severe frost 
of April 12 killed most of the peaches and 
cherries; but did little harm to apples, a. a. 
l i comes thick and as long as it is fluid, that is, 
r under ordinary circumstances. The greater 
f part of thf cream rises in a few hours after 
, the milk is set, but the rapidity with which the 
creatu separates from milk varies with the 
i temperature and the manner of setting. For 
, instance, in deep pails and at a temperature 
t of 42 degrees nearly' all the cream rbes in 24 
i hours, and all of it in 30 hours, and after that 
I while the milk will remain sweet forsixdays, 
: yet no more cream will rise, and none can be 
separated by any mechanical means. By 
chemical analysis a small portion of fat is 
found to remain in the mi'lc, probably in soln- 
i tion; but it can be discovered only by analysis. 
When set in shallow pans at a temperature of 
45 degrees all the cream will not rise in a 
week; but at 70 degrees it wi 11 all separate in 
48 hours, when the milk will be thick at the 
I bottom of the pan. Tn 24 hours about nioe- 
tenths of the cream will have risen. At 55 to 
60 degrees the cream rises more slowly, but 
very little will rise after 43 hours, and 
after three days, when the milk will be sour, 
still less will rise until the milk becomes thick 
on the fourth or fifth day. When set in shal¬ 
low pans the milk should not be skimmed un¬ 
til it is sour. 2 If only one cow is kept, and 
the cream is kept several days before churn¬ 
ing, it should be set away in a cool place and 
a teaspoonful of salt and a pinch of saltpeter 
I stirred in a gallon of cream will ten 1 to keep 
I it better and to prevent bitterness, which will 
I result from over-long keeping. 3. There is no 
gain in churning tuilk with the cream; there 
is always enough milk in the cream to make 
I the churning easy. 
SEEDING WITH TIMOTHS'. 
J. W. C., CirclevHie, Oh io, A piece of land 
I now in wheat I desire to seed to Timothy 
I immediately after harvest, intending it for a 
I meadow. My plan is to plow the ground 
I about July 1st, put it in fine condition and 
then sow it to corn with the Timothy, the 
I corn to serve as a shade for the grass and to 
I lie mowed close late in the Fall and put in the 
I barn for Winter feed. 1. Can I get a good 
I stand of grass in this way—one that would be 
well worth mowing next season? 2. What is 
I the Rpp.al’s experience with sowed corn? 3. 
I What crop would be best for a “nurse?” 
Ans. —T. The plan of sowing corn for fodder 
I and Timothy with it will not work well in our 
opinion. Corn makes too dense a shade and 
would prevent a sufficient development of the 
young grass; indeed, if t he corn made a good 
growth it would most likely smother out the 
young grass entirely. If the grass is expected 
to make a crop next year, the ground should 
be plowed as early as possible after harvest, 
put iu fine condition and seeded with Timothy 
alone early iu September. We do not think 
a Fall crop of millet or anything else could tie 
grown that would allow the grass to develop 
so as to make a good crop the next Spring 
2. Our experience with sowed corn is that it 
makes poor feed and is very difficult to cure, 
particularly when sown as late as to follow a 
wheat crop. We prefer growing fodder corn 
in rows three feet apart, from two to five feet 
stalks to the foot of drill, and not plant later 
than the first week in June. To make whole 
some or profitable food, corn must attain its i 
growth and development, an l to do this it 
must have cultivation, air and sun and time < 
for growth. Good, mature fodder, is very < 
satisfactory feed, but it cannot be grown by < 
late broadcast sowing. 3. There is hardly any l 
better crop than rye with which to sow Tim- c 
othy, and if cut when in blossom the straw is s 
often a profitable crop for marketand a pretty t 
good substitute for hay. t 
heat of the sun lessen the fertilizing properties 
of land plaster on the surface ? 3. Does plas¬ 
ter lose its fertilizing properties in being cal¬ 
cined ? 
Ans. —1. There is no necessity to harrow-in 
plaster; it is usually ground as fine as flour, 
and as it is quite soluble, it is washed in and 
dissolved by <me good shower. If 80 pounds, 
or one bushel—of plaster are applied to one 
acre, a shower that would be equivalent to 
half a pint of water to the square foot, would 
completely dissolve it, as plaster is dissolved 
in 400 times its weight of water. 2. Neither 
the heat of the sun, nor fire, nor the atmo¬ 
sphere, nor any other chemical agent can in¬ 
jure the fertilizing properties of plaster. These 
are sulphuric acid and lime, ami they are use¬ 
ful to crops iu whatever combination they 
may exist, excepting, perhaps as sulphate of 
iron, but that is rapidly oxydized and rendered 
beneficial. 3. Calcining has no other effect 
upon plaster than to drive olf the 20 par cent, 
(or a little more) of water which is combined 
with it; this water is very quickly taken up 
again, so that the calcining is a totally useless 
trouble and expense. 
FERTILIZERS for onions in the south. 
B. W. //., Lawrence, Texas. I have five 
acres of dark sandy land that has been cul 
tivated for six years It has received very 
little fertilizers. Row much cotton seed ami 
bone dust should lie applied in order to get 
the very best crop of onions—would a thous¬ 
and bushels of cotton «eed fie too much? When 
should the bone dust be applied? Wnat else 
should be applied to increase the crop? 
Ans. —Onious will stand a good deal of ma¬ 
nure: 200 bushels of cott, in s-eed per acre would 
be only a quart and one third to the square 
yard, a quantity that might be increased 
considerably without any evil results, i’rob 
ably 5,000 bushels per acre, or a bushel per 
square yard, would not hurt a crop of onions, 
except perhaps to make them expensive to 
harvest on account of their size and number. 
There is no need to use bone dust more than 
once, as it is only slowly soluble and one ftp 
plication will last two or three years, or more 
if the bone is not very fine. When the onions 
are above the ground a dusting with plus er 
or wood ashes or coal soot is useful. The 
soot from soft coal is an excellent and effec¬ 
tive preventive against the onion fly. 
STOPPED TEAT OF COW. 
D. S., Norlhfleld Center , Canada. A 
neighbor has a cow in the upper part of one 
of whose teats a lump has formed, stopping the 
flow of milk at milking time—what is the 
remedy ? 
Ans. —There is only one remedy which is to 
procure a milk tube which is made of silver, 
formed as shown below, having a lew small 
Fig. 109. 
&1 \)t (Querist. 
ASNWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS. 
[Every query must be accompanied by the name 
and address of the writer to Insure attention | 
THE RISING OF CREAM. 
A. R., Corning, IT. Y,, 1, Does crearn rise 
n milk after it has become sour, and at what 
tage does the cream stop rising ? 2, When 
only one cow is kept and the cream has bo 
stand three or four days before churning, is 
ad disable to let all the milk become sour 
before skimming ? 3, Is there any gain by 
churning a part of the milk with the cream ? 
Ans.— 1, Cream rises from milk until it be- I 
CREAMERIES FOR FAMILY DAIRIK8. 
“ Subscriber, 1 ' Wythe City, Va. Would 
a “creamery” be of any decided advantage 
in a small family dairy of five or six cows ? 
Are “ creameries” made of sizes suitable for 
such dairies ? Could spring water be used in¬ 
stead of ice for cooling purposes in a cream¬ 
ery ? What would be the price of one, and the 
freight to this place ? 
Ans. A small dairy of even one cow would 
be better managed with the help of a “cream¬ 
ery,” The Cooley Creamery of the smallest 
size contains two milk cans, holding each 
about 10 quarts, and one creatu can. The milk 
may beset in these and cooled by means of 
cold, spring water as well as by ice, as the 
pipes are arranged for this. Ar to expense, 
that is a matter for consideration. The cost, 
we believe, is $30. The interes 4- on this, say, 
$3 a year. If 300 pounds of butter are made iu 
a year, the cost is just one cent a pound. The 
sa ving of labor and time is easily worth $10 a 
year; the apparatus will last a life-time. The 
freight to Wythesville, via Norfolk, would be 
a trifle. If it is desired to use shallow pans 
the Ferguson Bureau Creamery is the right 
one. It answers all the purposes of the 
Cooley, but it takes up more room. 
LAND PLASTER. 
L. R. T., West/ord, Vt. 1. Should gypsum, 
or laud plaster, be harrowed-in or sown on 
the surface with grass and seed ? 2. Will the 
holes at the top through which the milk 
escapes. This is oiled, and is passed gently 
through the teat, opening the duct and pene¬ 
trating into the milk reservoir. Every owner 
of a cow should keep one of these tubes on 
hand for a case of emergency. No other in¬ 
strument can be used without extreme danger 
of injuring the udder. Until one can be pro¬ 
cured, the udder should be gently rubbed aud 
kneaded so as to soften the Jump; a smull 
quantity of solution of carbonate of so *a 
should be injected by means of a syringe into 
the teat to dissolve any c rdled milk aud 
enable it to be drawn out in the usual manner. 
COWS CHEWING BONE. 
F. K. M., Ogdensburyh, N. Y. Every Sum¬ 
mer my cows are crazy all the time to chew 
bones—why is this thus? Is it that their 
nature craves something they have not got, 
aud will bone mem fill the bill? 
Ans.—A n animal does not chew hones or 
rotten wood because it needs them, but be 
cause of an inappeasabio craving for some 
relief from a disordered stomach or a de¬ 
praved appetite. A dose of physic, as a pint 
of linseed oil, followed by a tonic, would re¬ 
move the unhealthy craving. To give bone 
meal would only add to the trouble because 
the bone is indigestible. After the physic 
give plenty of bran, which will supply phos¬ 
phates in a digestible aud nutritious form, 
adding a drachm of powdered gentian root to 
the food three times a week. To be deprived 
of salt also tends to produce this craving. 
Cows that are carefully supplied with salt in 
the Winter are too often neglected in the 
fcummer, and then they suffer from the want. 
EKY81PELAS IN SHEEP. 
J. A. G., Marion, Va. What ails these 
lambs, and how should they be treated ? 
Wheu attacked, first the hair comes off their 
ears; then ihese become raw, and the eyes are 
affected the same way. Next their heads 
swell and finally they die. 
Ans. —The disease is erysipelas. The parts 
affected should be dressed with sweet oil, with 
ies 10 drops of creosote to the ounce, added. Give 
as- each lamb one teaspoonful of sulphate of nmg- 
al- nesia and cream-of-tartur mixed in equal 
parts. Mix these in molasses and put the 
in dose on the tougue, when it will be swallowed. 
ir, If the ewes have been getting any smutty 
nd fodder this trouble may be attributed to that 
is, cause, otherwise something else is probably 
ne wrong with the feed. A sucking lamb will 
to suffer in this way when the ewe will escape, 
ild the poison being curried off in the milk. 
ed 
WAR AGAINST THE PEACH-TREE BORER. 
xrl 
lo . F. Ft.. Newburgh, N. N. Would the wash 
n _ for apple trees, recommended In the Rural 
, S0 of May 4, be useful against the peach tree 
?e - borer also ? How should war be waged 
p,y against the pest ? 
of Ans.—T he wash spoken of will not barm 
ed peach trunks, and will tend to keep off the 
ct female from depositing her eggs upon them. It 
it, must be persistently applied—thrice, at least, 
ed every season, in May, early Summer, and 
ip Autumn, beginning the first year the young 
£S trees are set out. A heap of coal ashes, to 
which carbolic acid has been applied, about 
the stem, with the base just below the soil, 
would help. For the rest, digging out the 
/e grubs is the only remedy if we wait for them 
to enter. Some use heavy or oiled paper about 
y the stems, 
d 
Miscellaneous. 
3_ R. 1 . M. N. , Jackson, Mich., asks several 
In question as to ’hatband stook-binder illus- 
, 0 tratod on page 307 of the Rural for 1882. 
I Ans. — The hole is made in any square Mock 
with an auger and this hole, as shown in the 
engraving, holds the knot. Stocks average 
so much the same size that the cord and Mo< k 
are easily adjusted. The contrivance is not 
intended for sheafs. A cord and block is 
needed for each steok. if taken cure of the 
cord will lust for two years and : ho blocks for 
a dozen. 
.7. H. P., Madison, Fla. What is the best 
fertilizer for cabbage and what variety grows 
laigest and is surest to head? 
Ans —Well decomposed farm manure. 
Fine bone flour or dissolved bone and un¬ 
leached wood ashes are excellent. There is no 
trouble nowadays about cabbages heading, if 
good seeds are procured. For family use we 
should prefer Drumhead Savoy. Large late 
Drumhead is among the best and largest Win¬ 
ter kinds. 
A.J, IF, Yalesvillc, Ga., sends for name a 
sprig of grass that matures seed there, though 
in most respects it closely resembles Bermuda 
Grass, for which it is often mistakeu. It is a 
coarse pest. 
Ans. —It resembles Muhlenbergia diffusa— 
Wire Grass, Nimble Will—though we should 
need flowering stalks to determine positively. 
Ibis is not relished by cattle as much as 
Bermuda Grass. 
K R. G., Colorado Springs, Col. Where 
can the Emperor and Green Willow Goose¬ 
berries, illustrated on page 252 of the Rural, 
be procured? 
ANS.—In Eaglaud. They would probably 
mildew hero. The engravings were presented 
to show that we have still a wide field in 
which to work up larger gooseberries by 
seedling cultivation. 
K, S ., Raymond, Neb. Makes several in¬ 
quiries about the California Branch Pea Bean 
lescribed by a correspondent in a late Rural. 
( Ans.—I n answer to the very many letters 
of inquiry respecting this bean, we must say 
that we have not tested it, though we have 
now planted seed, and shall report in due 
time. 
Several inquirers ask the address of E. W. 
Davis, who lately contributed to the Rural 
a couple of articles on Cheshire hogs. 
Ans. —E. W. Davis, Oneida, Madison Co., 
N. Y. ilis address was given in the advertis¬ 
ing columns of a late Rural. 
72. J., Utica, la. What percentage do post¬ 
masters get for selling postuge stamps? 
Ans. —None whatever. 
The Rural has all the Indian Corn it can 
te>t this season and more. Thanks ull the 
same to many readers who have kindly sent 
us specimens. 
-•—»--♦- 
Communications Rkckivkd for tiik Wkkk Ending 
Saturday, May 20. lsay. 
<>. w. C'—C. V. R.—R p. G.-O. k. P. -c. E. L.-J. g. 
Freeport. 111. Thanks f ir the potuto not yet. received. 
Tile corn is a very poor specimen, us you my.-W. F 
B. K. P. p„ thunks—D. J —A. R, thanks—E. K, O.-J. 
T., Mil'll. Ag Coll. Slueh obliged- L W B John 
Oocticnour. thanks for seed potato received la per¬ 
fect condition. It Is u tine specimen.—A. X.—c. a. 
R.-S. P.-A. K R—W n. K. H. 8 —M. M. -W. J. R.— 
O. F.—N. V. 1I.-L. C.-F,. W. H.—0. W. F. 0. W. H. 
It is fine corn and oioso upon the Chests >• Co. Mum- 
moth, hut more uniform in color — R. p„ croenleaf, 
M. D. Thunks for the corn.—O, E. P — J. II. C. A. m! 
B.-1), C. A.—J. A. G.—M. M. M E. 8 .- K, V. I, H. S.— 
W. J. P.—O. 8 8 .—R. B., Jr., thanks.-F. W. N,—H. G. 
C.—C. B. Paddock; (lowers not yet arrived.—G. A. R. 
—Mrs. VV. II. C., thanks of Domestic Economy Dep’t. 
J. W. S.-X. A. W.-O. M. W.-O. p,-D. A. J.-T. St . P. 
