382 
THE RURAL MEW-YORKER. 
JUHE 3 
for i\jt J)oiw0 
SHE MANAGES WELL THE FARM. 
Suit manages well the farm, 
Tlilx girl that Is gently bred, 
Though scarce a score of happy years 
Hare unused o'er her bonny head. 
Fatherless, motherless, young, 
Left, with a tender brood 
Of brothers ami sisters small, 
She works for the children's good. 
So, up In the earlv morn. 
She’s out with a steadfast will: 
She visits the garden. Held and farm, 
And the orchard upon the hill. 
The butter from yel ow cream 
Is made with her own fair hands ; 
She works with a hearty will to keep 
This home with Its fertile lands. 
Show me a lovelier rose 
Than the flush Of this maiden's cheek, 
As she gathers the apples rosy and ripe 
Or rides the black horse sleek; 
Show me a fairer sight 
Thau this same woman's hands, 
Busied at dally household tasks. 
As well as at tllllng lands. 
What though no father’s eye 
Sees that the work's well done ; 
Is not this woman brave and true. 
Faithful as shines the sun ? 
Dres cd in her homespun gown, 
Living a healthful life, 
Sowing good seed for aye, 
Whether as maid or wife. 
She manages well the farm, 
This maid with the deep-blue eyes; 
With voice that charms like music rare, 
In her low and sort replies. 
Welt will those children say, 
In the distant years to come, 
“Sister, you have done well; 
You saved us the dear old home !” 
-» »■»- 
FARMING FOR BOYS AND GIRLS 
NO. 47. 
HENRY STEWART. 
Management of Cows. 
If there is one part of the business of the 
farm which may reasonably fall to the share 
of women and girls it is the dairy. There is 
no reason why girls should consider them 
selves above taking charge of the dairy and 
superintending the cows, or why they should 
coisider this work beneath them. It is a well 
deserved compliment to the girls to say that 
wherever they go about the farm, there is 
more cleanliness and order and neatness, than 
when boys or men are around. And the very 
first requirements of a successful dairy are 
cleanliness, order and neatness. The superin 
tendenee is chiefly what is most needed, but a 
girl may very properly and profitably take 
her share of the milking the cows, and the 
rearing of the calves, and should, by all means, 
know all about the nature of a cow as well as a 
boy should. Cows when well trained are gentle 
and affectionate, and they “take to" a woman 
uetter than they do to a man, no doubt 
because of her gentler disposition. There is a 
natural sympathy between animals and man¬ 
kind, and a gentle man or a kind woman can 
do more in every way with cows, than a rough, 
unkind man can do. How the one leads, 
and is followed; and rules peacefully, and 
how the other drives, and with what trouble 
and exasperation. 
A cow is a ruminating animal: that is, she 
chews the cud. This class of animals are pro¬ 
vided with a complicated stomach, consisting, 
of four compartments, commonly called the 
first, second, third and fourth stomachs. The 
food eaten goes into the first and second 
stomachs, but chiefly into the first, which is 
known as the rumen or paunch and it is that 
which is sometimes used for food in the form 
of tripe; the second is called the reticulum or 
honeycomb and is provided with a large 
number of cells like these of a honeycomb in 
which the food is partly digested. At this 
part of the stomach there is a sort of pouch or 
mold in which the food is formed into balls, 
much like pieces of a sausage and these are 
brought back to the mouth and chewed over 
again. This food then in a half liquid form 
g > -s into the third stom ich or manip.ies. This 
is furnished with a number of leaves like those 
of a book and the food is pressed between these 
and still furth-r reduced to a fine pulp, when 
it goes into the fourth stomach, in which it is 
dissolved by thegastric juicoandis completely 
d gested. This peculiarity of the cows’ stom¬ 
ach of course has much to do with its manner 
of feeding, for a larger quantity of bulky food 
is required to fill the large stomach and to 
furnish matter for it to work upon. On 
this account cows cannot be fed upon fine 
for i, such as grain or meal, unless it is mixed 
with hay or straw or roots, in sufficient quan¬ 
tity to fill the stomach. 
Cows are kept chiefly for their milk, and 
their milk is the only perfect food known; 
that is it contains ail the different substances 
or elements of which an animal or a person is 
composed, in the right proportions for a 
healthful growth. It is the only food upon 
which an animal or person can exist and grow 
to mature age, without any other sustenance. 
Upon this account cows milk has become the 
source from which a very large number of 
farmers gain their living in supplying the 
demands of every other person, all of w horn 
are consumers of milk, butter or cheese. The 
business of keeping cows, and feedi g them, 
and of making milk, butter and cheese is 
known as dairying, and it is a very pleasant, 
agreeable and profitable branch of farming. 
But it requires a good deal of skill and much 
study and knowledge are required to make a 
person expert in it. 
A cow requires for her support when she is 
not giving milk, three pounds of hay for every 
10(1 pounds ot her weight; or other food that 
will yield as much nutriment. As the com¬ 
mon weight of cows is about 800 pounds, 25 
pounds of hay are usually considered enough 
to support her; but to enable her to yield 
milk in abundance au extra quantity of food 
is required; this is usually given in the 
form of bran, corn-meal or other similar 
grain food. Of this, some cows can consume 
more than others and the more of such food 
a cow can eat and digest healthfully, and 
without getting fat uoon it, the more pro¬ 
ductive of milk and butter such a cow gen¬ 
erally is. Some cows will yield as much as 
two pounds of butter a day while others will 
yield but one pound; but it would be wrong 
to suppose that the two pounds are produced 
from the same quantity of food that one 
pound is. “Nothing comes out of nothing’’ 
and no animal can make flesh or fat or yield 
milk and butter aud do work, excepting by 
means of a corresponding supply of food. 
Therefore it is that in management of cows, 
thur feeding aud the nature and value of the 
different kinds of food, should be a subject of 
careful study by every person who keeps a 
cow, or who hopes or expects to do so. 
THE HUCKLEBERRY CONTEST. 
Dear Bovs and Girls:— In my first letter 
to the Horticultural Club 1 intended to say that 
the cousins who are enough interested in im¬ 
proving the huckleberry to set out some 
plants, need not wait until their bushes bear 
before sending in their hundred berries, but 
that they may get the berries wherever they 
please, in the woods or swamps, or in the 
market, I do not care where, aud send them 
into me this year, whether the bushes that 
they transplant bear or not. 
I am pleased with the number of names that 
have come in. And now, cousins, if any of 
you have been thinking about seuding in your 
names, but have thought the undertaking too 
great to raise the berries, if you desire to be¬ 
come competitors for the prizes after reading 
this letter, 1 will offer you a little grace. If 
you will transplant your bushes, aud send in 
your names to me right away, I will put you 
on the list, and give you a chance to compete 
for the prizes. 
You had better transplant young plants if 
you can find them, aud if you carry home a 
basketful of the soil that the plants grew in 
and set them out in that, they will be more 
likely to grow. By and by, if Providence 
permits, I shall quite likely offer some more 
prizes for the berries that you raise yourselves. 
The prizes for this year will be sent out about 
the first of September. 
Several of the cousins have very properly in¬ 
quired what variety or varieties of the huckle¬ 
berry family 1 have referred to. 1 will desig¬ 
nate as well as I can by very brief descriptions, 
which I abbreviate from Fuller’s Small Fruit 
Culturist. 
1. Bvarf Blueberry (Vscoinium Pennsyl- 
vauicum.) Leaves oblong, sometimes lanceo¬ 
late, smooth and shmiug. Branches green, 
somewhat angled, occasionally warty; bush, 
one to three feet high, berries blue, ripening 
early. Found in dry soils. 
2. Another variety is very similar to this 
except that the leaves are more or less downy, 
and it grows in low grounds. 
3. Vaccmium corymbosutn, Swamp Blue¬ 
berry, or High Bush Huckleberry, shrubs, 
four to ten feet high, common in low wet 
places. Fruit black, covered with bloom, 
sweet but sprightly. Ripens in August and 
September. 
4. Another species, sometimes callel “Blue 
Langleberry,” Gaylussacia frondosa has dark 
blue fruit, covered with white bloom, and 
grows from three to six feet high. It grows 
in low grounds. 
5. The Black Huckleberry, Gaylussacia res- 
inosa fruit black without bloom; grows in 
swamps and low ground. 
Cou>ins] I wish you could see our wild 
garden. It contains more than a hundred 
different species already though you kuow we 
only siarted it this Spring. Several friends 
of the Station living in different part* of the 
country have sent us in plants of wild flowers 
carefully packed in moss. We have been very 
glad indeed to receive them. If you could 
see our wild garden once, I think you would 
all want to start one of your own. Direct all 
letters to E. S. Goff, Geneva, Ontario Co., N, 
Y., Agricultural Experiment Station. 
Uncle Elm. 
WRITE FOR THE CLUB. 
Probably the members of the Horticultural 
Club are Dusy now a days helping their fathers 
on the farm or their mothers about their do¬ 
mestic duties, or perhaps some are “ going to 
school.” Now, why do I think so ? First, 
because I know there is much work to be done 
on the farm, and that there are many ways in 
which boys and girls can aid in the work; and 
secondly, I notice a marked falling off in the 
number of letters directed to “ Uncle Mark.” 
It seems to me that this is just the time to 
write the most instructive letters. Hasn’t 
some one a new method of performing the dif¬ 
ferent kinds of garden work? If so, tell the 
Club about it. Hasn't some one “ invented” 
something to be used about the house or barn 
or in the flower or vegetable garden ? If so, 
and if it is a "good th ng,” send in a rough 
sketch, if you can do no better, and let it be 
pu bliolnsd for the benefit of alll Sometimes 
men find out how to grow certain crops more 
easily and more profitably than others can , and 
they don’t like to tell about it in the papers. 
But not so with the Horticultural Club! We 
work for each other’s good. We will not be 
se'.fisk. So now, althougb it is a bti»y time, 
there is “a little golden hour ” somewhere in 
the day or evening when the boy or girl, who 
wishes, can find time, I am sure, to relate 
some interesting experience to the other mem¬ 
bers of the Club and Uncle Mark, who are 
always eager listeners. Don’t forget the Club. 
Uncle Mark. 
3fmtrlemcttts and ^tachtnenu 
THE 
SHIR-SLING, 
Foit Usi.uiiu.vn Hay anu ouaiv 
Hah NO SU i KRloR. 
It saves one half of the time, 
labor ami expense. 
Its capftvHi Is double that 
of any horse foi k 
It lias nti L 'i|u;il In its conve¬ 
nience In ehnughig Us ad ..pla¬ 
it n to all kin is or grain ; the 
faeliby and ea u In operallna, 
tile clean Ulcus and accuracy 
of Its work. 
flu- machine Is warranted In 
nil ui ihr above statements. 
for further partioulaiu uni 
prices :*Uwi-ci.8. 
<J VAN • li Kl K A- SON’ 
Mioriavkiio N V. 
NOYES’ HAYING TOOLS, 
FOR STACKING OUT IN FIELDS OR MOWING 
AWAY IN BARNS. 
Save labor & 
money. 
Are Simple, 
durable and 
cost but little. 
No trouble In 
g e 111 u g over 
nigh beams or 
to the end of 
deep buys. 
Hundreds are 
now In use. 
Anti friction Hay Carrier. Gruppio Fork. 
Wood Pulleys, Floor Hooks, etc. 
Send for circular and designs for trucking barnsto 
U. S. WIND ENGINE A FllillP < O , 
Data via. Kano Co., 111. 
u DW0RTH ,^ Gh *NN 0CK FALLSJy* 
EVAPORATING FRUIT 
LETTERS FROM THE COUSINS. 
Dear Uncle Mark: —As I have been a 
member of the Club for some time I think it 
is h’gh time I should write to the Youth’s 
Department. I take a great interest in the 
growing of vegetables; we raise cabbage, to¬ 
matoes, peas, onions, squash and celery. A 
good rem-dy for the cabbage worm is to 
dust the cabbages with black pepper through 
a common pepper box; if one dose is not suf¬ 
ficient apply it again. When transplanting 
plants I am careful to have as much dirt with 
the roots as possible. Tomato vines should be 
kept off the ground or the tomatoes will be 
green longer and will be more likely to rot. 
A good plan is to train to stakes or let them 
grow on brush laid alongside. Tall growing 
peas should be brushed to keep them clean 
and tidy looking. Onions need good care 
and rich ground to be a paying crop. Squashes 
are more easily cared for as they are planted 
farther apart. Celery needs considerable 
care but it is a paying crop. Some do not 
transplant in trenches, therefore save a great 
deal of work. 
A person who expects to have a nice garden 
must have it rich, clean from weeds and mel¬ 
low. I think it is a good plan to plow or 
spade in fine manure and work in fertilizer 
or ashes on top thereby aiding the plants 
at every stage of their growth, no weeds 
should be allowed to go to seed or seeds of 
weeds be allowed to grow. I think a great 
deal depends on good cultivation The 
ground should be kept “as mellow as an ash 
heap;” no lumps should be allowed in the 
beds but should be pulverized before any seed 
is sown. Now I will give a list of vegetables 
which I think ai e good. Bliss American 
Wonder Pea, McLean’s Little Gem and Cham¬ 
pion of England. Cabbage, Jersey Wake¬ 
field, Flat Dutch aud Late Drumhead ; Toma¬ 
toes, Canada Victor and Trophy; Onions, 
Early Red and Red Wethersfield; Squash, 
Early Crookueck, Hubbard aud Marble¬ 
head; Celery, Dwarf White and Crawfords 
Half Dwarf; Beets, Early Bastian; Lettuce, 
Ferry’s Early Prize Head; Long Scarlet 
radish; Long Green cucumber and Purple- 
top Strap-leaf turnip. Your nephew, 
Livingston Co., N. Y. D. J. Campbell. 
Uncle Mark.—I am thirteen years old and 
live in Central New York. I have just read 
the sixth discussion of the Club. I have the 
best success in raising onions from sets. This 
year I intend to p ant about a peck of sets 
and three pocks of onions to raise sets from, 
and I have bought a package of Yellow Dan¬ 
vers seed to try my success with. I put in 
parts of my sets some time ago; the soil was 
in good condition but a light snow st pped 
proceedings for the time. I have three kinds 
of watermelons and three of muskmelona to 
plant this year. I am making frames to be 
covered with musquito netting to keep them 
from the bugs. We are never sure that melons 
will ripen here, but when they do we think it 
pays to try to cultivate them. We are making 
maple sugar this Spring. 1 think it is great 
fun. Your nephew, Elliotte H. Lewis. 
Cortland Co., N. Y, 
Amtruan Fruit Jhitr. 
Treatise on improved methods 
SENT FREE. \V underfill results. 
Tables of Yields. Prices, Profits, 
and General Statistics. Address 
AMERICAN MAM FG CO., 
Waynesboro, Fa. 
PROFESSOR 
l|5 ? ^0SP HATic 
BAKING 1 
POWDER 
Made from Professor Horsford'a Add 
Phosphate. 
Recommended by leading physician*. 
Makes lighter biscuit, cak<«, etc., and 
Is healthier than ordinary b«rinp >w. 
dcr. 
I n cans. Sold at a reasonable price. 
Thu il orsford Almanac and Cock Rook 
Bent free. 
Kuril ford Chemical Works, Providence, R, 1. 
DR. C. W. BENSON'S 
SKIN CURE 
Is Warranted to Cure 
ECZEMA, TETTERS, HUMORS, 
INFLAMMATION, MILK CRUST, 
ALL ROUCH SCALY ERUPTIONS, 
DISEASES OF HAIR AND SCALP, 
SCROFULA ULCERS, PIMPLES and 
TENDER ITCHINCS on all parts of the 
body. It makes the skin white. Bolt ana smooth | 
removes tan and freckles, and ie tho BEST toilet 
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bottles!a one package, consisting ol noth internal 
and external treatment. 
AU flrat class druggists have It. Trice $1. per package. 
a 
MAKES 
Looking 
Glasses 
ELECTRIC 
Scouring 
Best In tho World. **** 
