JULY 4 
THE RURAL WIW-YQRKEB. 
459 
, . , . The youth that cannot rise until 
he is “ called,” who will not get up when he is 
called, who comes down to breakfast in em¬ 
broidered slippers, and cannot move out of- 
doors until be has had h s pipe, may be a 
“ good fellow,” a gentleman, and many other 
good things, but he is not going to succeed as 
a farmer, or in any other rural occupation. 
He has mistaken his calling, and is himself a 
mi take. There is much in that 
good old Saxon word “early," continues the 
Gazette. It is the early sun that rip-ns the 
corn: the earlc bird that catches the worm; 
the early cabbage that catches the price: the 
early lamb that makes the money, the early 
chicken that pays the henwife; the early 
g >o-!eberry that commands the market; the 
early swum that makes the honey; the early- 
sown wheat that fills the bushel; the early- 
sown hirley that pleases the maltster; the 
early sack of wheat that attracts the miller; 
the early peas that pay the rent; the early 
potatoes that fetch the money; the early 
shepherd that fattens the sheep; the early 
carer that, pleases his master; the early 
farmer who grows rich; the early housewife 
that keeps her maids; and the early maid that 
keeps her place.E irliness is the 
true road to success, and the fact that so few 
succeed in the race of life is hecause so few 
can shake off dull sloth an l rise early. There 
are some avocations in life in which oaily 
rising is not necessary, but they are chiefly of 
the kin! to which another wise saying applies, 
that you cannot “ burn the candle at both 
ends ”.No one would ever guess, 
says The Nation, from an inspection of an 
average school course, that a girl was to be 
the bead of that most complex result of civili 
zation—a modern household, with its thousand 
duties, responsibilities and relations. . . . 
Samuel Wilson has sown 40 acres in 
Orchard Grat-s, says the Industrialist published 
by the Kansas Agricultural College at Man¬ 
hattan. This is the only one of the tame 
grasses that has proved a complete succoss in 
that portion of Kansas. It should be more 
generally cultivated, although, in the writ r’s 
opinion, other grasses should be sown with it, 
as it grows too much in bunches when sown 
alone. 
RURAL, SPECIAL, REPORTS. 
RansnN. 
Sauna. Salina Co., June 13.— The soil of 
Central Kansas is a sandy loam, very rich, 
fertile, and well adapted to all kinds of agri 
cultural pursuits, and the time is uot far distant 
when horticulture will al-o prove a success- 
This part of the State spoke for itself last 
year in the way of apples, peacnes and many 
of the small fruits. She will speak again soon 
in the way or a heavy crop of peaches, shuld 
no n isbnp injure the present prospect. Mala¬ 
rial diseases do not prevail; the climate is gen¬ 
erally mild and healthful; it is changeable, 
and the changes are sometimes di-agreeably 
sudden and violent—as is the case in many of 
the Middle and E istern States. The contin¬ 
uous high winds and parching drought that 
were such a teiror to earlier settlers are no 
longer prevalent, if they ever were. That 
the wind blows over our wide and open prai¬ 
ries—sometimes annoyingly hard and long, 
and that we occasionally have hot and dry 
Summers, is unquestionably true; but Kansas 
is no more eubj -et to such unfavorable seasons 
than States east of us. One great error that 
m my commit when thinking of coming here, 
Is that they expect too much. With the ex¬ 
ception that lands are cheaper here for those 
wishing a permanent home, there is but little 
to induce the person permanently occupied in 
the East to come here. Now look at our sta¬ 
tistics and then take in'o consideration (hat 
hard Lb >r only (with proper seasons, of 
course) produce like results, and then if you 
possess pluck and perseverance, with some 
ready cash, you will do t cell wherever you go, 
so come to Kansas. Crops sown or plant, d in 
the Fall of 1881 and Spring of 1sS2; Wheat 
(Wintei) 67 81*8 acres; rye, 3 887 do.: O its, 
10 073 do.; barley, 262 do.; corn, 50,545 do.; 
apil-s, 6 948 do.; peaches. 63 273 do.; pears, 
435 do.; clover and timothy 128 do ; Spring 
wheat, 1 344 do. Two hundred and fifty tons 
of tame hay were made in the county in 1*81. 
Wheat, r\e, oats and barlev all look splendid 
end promire large yields. Corn is very back¬ 
ward. P aches will be a heavy crop on t he 
upland. Apples and other fruit light, w. J. B. 
Nebraska. 
Austin, Sherman Co., J uue 16.—As far as I 
can judge without a chemical analy-is before 
in", our so 1 lacks the phosphates require l for 
a healthy growth of the wheat plaint. Farm¬ 
ers in the dliferent Loup Valleys, who try from 
time to time to grow wheat-, learn, if they 
will learn, l y a crop from one to eight bushels 
to the acre that there is something the matter. 
For fertilizers we are too far off from rail¬ 
road communications. My rye yielded 30 
bushels, but the soil is too quickly ex¬ 
hausted. Oats yield 50 to GO bushels; barley, 
15 bushels for a year or two. Gras-* is abun¬ 
dant in low places. I cut from a meadow 
tons to the acre, but bluff land is too thinly 
clothed to bo mowed. Potatoes seem to grow 
everywhere; 200 bushels to the acre is a fair 
yield; but the Colorado beetle prevents a 
wholesale planting; every one who plants 
more than he can cl*an daily, raises none. I 
would never advise anyone to sprinkle plants 
with a solution of such a sweet, strong poison 
as London purple or Paris-green contains. 
It would do perhaps in Styria where peo¬ 
ple are accustomed to eat arsenic add by 
leaspoonfuls; as long as such a small quantity 
is dangerous to life, the finely pulverized 
earth absorbs so much, it is better to let the 
poison alone, pick as many bugs oil’ by hand 
as you cm, and plant not more than you can 
in this way care for. Whether the settle¬ 
ments in Sherman County and ad j lining cou > 
ties are too young for apples and p jars, or 
whether the pioneers are too shiftless, the at¬ 
mosphere too dry, the hight above the sea too 
great, (2000 ft.) or whether there is too mu *h 
wind for these fruits, I do not kuow, bur. 1 
have not seen an apple or pear tree in a circle 
of 100 miles. Planting trees is a discourag¬ 
ing busiuess. W ithin fifteen years after plant¬ 
ing, the native cottonwood died out; the 
maple, Abarvitce, catalpa, and Osigo 
Orange do not grow for more than the first 
year on an average. J. B. N. 
Brownsville, Nebraska Co, June 10 — 
The season with us here in the West has 
been peculiar. Spring opmed earlier than I 
have known for 27 years past. Apricots and 
peaches sho wed full bloom, ia instances, on 
the last day of March. Plauting, as a rule, 
w is done earlier than usual There has been 
abuadauce of rain, with very cml weather. 
No frost of importance. Everything back¬ 
ward—grows slowly but healthily. Prospects 
for all crops as flattering as could be desired. 
Fruit prospects splendid, particularly for 
peaches, the trees of which are overloaded. 
The prices of cattle, h 'gs and grain are high¬ 
est known for years. Farmers who have cat¬ 
tle to sell are always in good shape. The 
largest proportion are in that condition. 
Great preparations are being made for the 
coming State Fair, to be held at Omaha in 
September next. United States Commis¬ 
sioner Loring has promised to be w ith us and 
deliver the annual address. It is hope l the 
Commi-sioner will take time wh-n here to 
thoroughly inspect the agricultural status 
and outlook of the former Great American 
Desert. r. w. f. 
SI)C (Querist. 
ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS. 
[Every query must be accompanied by the name 
and address of the writer to Insure attention 1 
THE 8IZ3 OF DRAIN TII.K. 
W. B. L., Prospect Park, 111. Is there eny 
simple rule for gettiug at the size of tile 
needed for draining ? Should the main tile r e 
of the same capacity as the feeders combined? 
Ans. —The size of tile depends wholly upon 
the quantity of water to be carried off. A 10- 
acre field mav be thoroughly drained by oue- 
inch laterals and two and three-inch mains, 
or it may require one and two-inch laterals 
and four and six-inch mains if the water is 
very abundaut. But except in very wet 
ground one inch laterals and two in^ti mains 
will be sufficient, and it may lie advisable to 
have the lower part of the main of three-inch 
tile. The following diagram will help to ex¬ 
plain the matter. 
The upwright lines are supposed tc be inch 
tiles and laterals, the narrow double lines are 
tw o-inch main, and the wi ter lines are three- 
inch. A two inch tile will carry as much 
water as four single inch tiles and a three inch, 
as much as nine inch riles. In the arrange¬ 
ment, four-inch tiles discharge into the two- 
inch main, an 1 the whole nine into the three- 
•nch mam. If all the one-inch tiles are run¬ 
ning full at any time, as they w^leasily do in 
moderately wet ground in the Winter and 
Epilog, the whole of the water will be carried 
off easily with thj tiles mentioned, but not 
with smaller ones. It is seen that it is not 
necessary to have the w hole main of full size 
to carry off all the water. If the tiles are 66 
feet apart and the drains 40 rods long or 660 
feet, 10 acres will be covered by the plau 
above shown. This simple explanation covers 
and includes the whole theory and practice of 
draining land, which, of course, needs to be 
modified to meet variations in soils and the 
quantity of water to be removed. 
THE GRAIN APHIS. 
IT. C., Hampden, Sidney College and W. P. 
D., Mossing ford, Vo., sends specimens of in¬ 
sects found on wheat heads. The insects are 
very numerous and some have visible wings. 
What are they, and will they injure the 
wheat? 
answer by prof. g. h. french. 
The insects in the w r heat beads are undoubt¬ 
edly what is known as the Grain Aphis tSipho- 
nophora avente) though it is difficult to see 
some of their characteristics in the condition 
in which the specimens came. It is probable 
that this is an imported species; but it is 
pretty generally distributed over the country'. 
Early in the season these lice are to be found 
in considerable numbers in Southern Illinois, 
but the heavy rains have washed them off and 
there is no complaint from them now. There 
are several species of insects that feed upon 
all forms of plant lice, so that they seldom 
continue any great length of time. I am of 
the opinion that unless very numerous they 
wi 1 not cause sei ious injury to the wheat. 
Curtis gives the follow ing brief description of 
wingless specimens of tne grain aphis: ' vary¬ 
ing in color, being red, green, brown or yel¬ 
low; the front is convex in the middle, with a 
distinct Jobe on each side; antennae black, 
nearly as long as, or longer than, the body; 
knees, tarsi and tips of tibiae black." 
TREES near division lines. 
A. I. W., Grundy Centre, la.: Is it permis¬ 
sible for a man to plant a hedge of poplar or 
willow within six feet of the bne and let it 
grow as much as nature may determine, to the 
loss of hi.s neighbor’s crop on the other side? 
An?.— There is a sense of just ce as well as 
law to be considered in such questions, and in 
this law and justice go together; one man Las 
the same right as another, to use his own 
property and close up to the dividon line, 
which is not a strip or a fence even, but a 
mere line or direction without any width at 
all. On his own property one may grow what 
he pleases, trees or crops, and this to the very 
verge of the line; but. he cannot go over it, 
either on the ground or above it or below it. 
A man owns from the center of the earth to 
the stars, if he can get so far, on his boundary 
line; so that if a person plants trees near or 
on a division line, a neighbor may cut off 
every branch or twig that projects over the 
lue, but if the trees shade his grouud in¬ 
juriously he cannot help it; it is a right of the 
planter of the trees, which s me day the 
neighbor may b*» glad to avail himself ef. 
This is common law and prevails everywhere, 
and nu law can be made to prevent it, for the 
U. S. Constitution protects the right to the 
use and enjoyment of property. 
COCKLE FOR FEED. 
A. L. S , Greenfield, Wis. —What is the 
value for feed of the cockle that grows in 
wheat fields? I can get it in Milwaukee, 
ground, into meal at $8 per ton. Will it pay 
to feed it at that price ? 
Ans Cockle has an acrid flavor, and is re¬ 
fused by every animal to w hich we have 
offered it whole. We should not feel safe in 
grinding it for feed; and yet we have known 
it to be largely mixed with the screenings 
that are usually grouud for feed, without see¬ 
ing any ill-effects from it. At $8 per ton it 
might be profitably used if it can be fed with¬ 
out injury and mixed iu safe proportions 
with other fe^d. You do not tell the freight 
charges from Milwaukee; these added to the 
original cost may render it too high priced. 
But for ouraelves we would not run the risk, 
as evil effects might not be immediate. 
THE GRAPE-LEAF FLEA BEETLE. 
P. W, B., Asha way, R. I, sends for name 
some insects which destroy his grape-leaves 
and buds. 
Ans —They are specimens of the Grape- 
leaf Flea Beetle, known entomologically as 
Haltica clialybea. This insect is of a steel blue 
color, though sometimes it becomes quite 
greenish, and its length is about throe-twm- 
tieths of an inch. There are generally two 
broods in a season, the first in April or May, 
the second in July or August. Among rem¬ 
edies which have been tried with more or less 
success, are showering the vines with a strong 
solution of potash and dusting the larva* with 
dry lime. It is said that dean culture and 
general cleanliness in the vineyard will pre¬ 
vent the insect’s increase to a great extent. 
TAN BARIC. 
J. H. C., Mass., Is tan-bark as good for 
stable litter as saw dust ? Is it of any special 
benefit to the manure pile i 
Ans —Bark contains more of the valuable 
elements of ashes than the wood; but in leach¬ 
ing tan bailc about one half of the potash and 
phosphoric acid is lost in the liquor; so that 
the tan bark is about equally valuable as hard 
wood ashes. It makes a good absorbent, and 
is useful as supply ing vegetable matter to the 
soil; it rots readily and is especially useful on 
clay land. Where it can be procured for 
little or nothing it can be hauled with profit 
a reasonable distance. 
I. J. B., Indianapolis, Ind. —What are 
the names and addresses of agricultural 
papers published in Kansas? 
Ans.— Kansas Farmer; weekly; eight pages; 
$1.50; established iu 1863; published at To¬ 
peka. Osborne County Farmer; weekly; 
four pages; $1.50; established in 1874; more a 
newspaper than an agricultural paper; pub¬ 
lished at Osborne City. Kansas Agricultu¬ 
rist; weekly; eight pages; $1.50; started in 
1879; publi-hed at Wamego. The Industrial¬ 
ist; wpekly; 50 cents; four pages; established 
in 1875; printed at the State Agricultural 
College; published at Manhattan. Western 
Farm and Home; $1.50; monthly; 28 pages; 
e-tablisbed in IsTS; publLhed at Atchison. 
Western Homestead; monthly; $1; 23 pages; 
established in 1878. 
-7. L. P ; Worcester, Mass., says: “Your 
statement a few weeks ago that we paid three 
dollara on each barrel of ‘ Patent Process 
flour,is disputed by every one to whom I have 
s[ oken of it, please explain.” 
Ans —The facts are as we have stated. The 
market reports prove them. Extra St. Louis 
and Ohio brands are from three to four dollars 
lower than extra New Process Minnesota, and 
as Minnesota Spring wheat is usually no higher 
than Fall wheat the difference in price must 
be in the manufacture. Millers pay an enor¬ 
mous royalty for the use of the process and 
al j o very high prices for the requi-ite ma¬ 
chinery. We are abundantly justified by the 
facts in the statement above questioned. 
M. E, New Lisbon, Ohio. A Jersey Red 
pig, about nine months old, has an inch-thick 
swelling on the shoulder which is quite stiff, 
produciag lameness. The animal eats well, 
but its appearance is unthrifty, how should it 
be treated ? 
Ans. —The pig shonld run out on the 
ground. The skin of all coarsa bred bogs of 
the male species thickens on the shoulders as 
they advance in age. When pigs fight they 
are liable to bruise their shoulder, and cause 
swelling. Washing the swoolen parts with 
hot vin ‘gar and salt is good or with any other 
preparation which will reduce inflammation. 
J. R. P, End St. Louis, III. What is the 
best treatment for inflammatory rheuma¬ 
tism ? 
Ans. —In all cases of disease the best plan 
i® to consult the nearest good do-tor. So 
much depends on the constitution of the 
patient and other circumstances, that it 
is impossible for one at a distance to pre¬ 
scribe without knowing more of the cir¬ 
cumstances than are generally s- nt in let¬ 
ters Moreover, this department is not in¬ 
tended to furnish this sort of information. 
J. .4., Grant, Wis.: 1, Will it answer to plant 
raspberries in the Fallin Southwestern Wiscon¬ 
sin ? 2, Would the Charles Downing and 
Sharpless Strawberries be good to plant for 
family use? 
Ans —1, Yes. We should prefer to cover 
them lightly with litter of some kind. Of 
course the hardiest kinds should be selected. 
2. Yes, indeed—few batter. They mav not 
thrive with you, but this can be ascertained 
only by trial. The Sharpless is one of the 
strongest growing strawberries in cultivation 
J. H. S., Bergen, N. T .—Sends for name, 
some specimens of a couple of weeds. 
Ans — The red flower isa Long-headed Poppy 
—Papaver dut ium. You should exterminate 
this at once. The yellow fl iwer is False Flax 
—Cameliua sativa. It was introduced with 
flax, and now still remains, even where flax 
is no longer cultivated. Some hold the opin¬ 
ion that flax turns into it the same as 
many suppose that wheat turns into Chess. 
J. S. P., BUtlchleyville, O.: a^ks if the 
California Branch Pea Bean will grow in 
Northern Ohio and where seed can be 
obtained? 
Ans.— We cannot say. This is a new bean 
and not much grown as yet. We are testing 
it at the Rural Grounds this season. Write to 
O H. Alexander, Caarlotte, Vt, about seed. 
We know of no one else who has any. 
J. I. C., no address, incloses apple tree 
leaves which have a rusty appearance, and 
wants to know w hat ails them ? 
Ans.— This is probably the Orange rust 
(Uredo rubrum,) agreat foe to the raspberry, 
and it is here transferred to the apple leaf. 
“Subscriber,” Twin Bridges, M. T., sends 
specimen of crass for name. 
Ans. —This seems to be Drop-seed Gra e s, 
Sporobolus juneeus. The specimen is a poor 
one, and we need leavea to identify it for sure. 
Communications Rkckivkd eon tub: Week Endino 
Saturday. June 24. 1S82. 
J. C R.-W. F. a— H. S — C. R. -G. L. II -J. S. R.— 
SnowJOft — F. IV. W.-Ci T.L.-E C. — II. DrL.-E. M.— 
G. S —P. a-W J. M.-A. D -A. NV.-A. M -M. P -E. 
B. -A. B.—M. B.-E. R-R D.-O. T.-E. B.-E W. M.— 
C. H. F.—A.L.-S. H. H.-J. H. G.-W. H. T.-F.JH B. 
-A. V 4.1 M -A. W. S.-n. S. E.-H. P.-M. B. P.— 
C. W M.-L H. M.-T. R.-K.-W. L. R.-H. R. S.-L 
W.M.— .Y Z.-J J. M.-A. S.—F. S.—S. S. & I. R - 
