JULY 22 
487 
i* 
THE BUBAL 3SEW-Y0BKEB. 
leaving your hands, presents quite a different 
picture a day or two later, when it reaches the 
consumer. The market is never crowded with 
choice pears.The name of the apple the 
barrel contains shoidd be written or printed 
thereon; also the additional marks or address 
necessary in consigning or shipping. Never 
leave your commission merchant in doubt as 
to which end of the barrel is the faced or 
pressed end, or what kind of apples you are 
shipping. Properly packed and marked, he 
is then enabled to make a sale without openiug 
every barrel—frequency both ends—to find 
the most presentable one. 
BRIEFS AND COMMENTS. 
And now friend Green is trying to make 
out that the Manchester Strawberry is noth¬ 
ing but the old fashioned Tomato. 
Now set the celery plants. 
To grow strawberry plants in pots, 
sink small flower pots filled with rich 
soil under the ends of the runners and hold 
them there with a stone or weight of any 
kind. A wire in the shape of a hair pin is 
as good as anything to pin them down. 
Soon (in three weeks) the little pots will be 
filled w ith roots and the plants may be set in 
the new beds, by thumping them out of the 
pots....... 
And this is the outcome of a long-established 
conviction that it is the business of an agri¬ 
cultural journalist not so much to teach bis 
readers, as to get them to teach each other— 
London Ag. Gazette. 
It is in this way that every week we get an 
altogether unrivaled mass of information and 
discussion from hands who hold both the pen 
and the plow.. 
A farmer, for his business to prosper, must 
be an out-door active man. It is futile to ex¬ 
pect, in addition to this, he will every day go 
through the duties of a city book keeper by 
keeping such elaborate farm accounts as 
many cobblestone farm writers insist upon.... 
The Farm and Garden thinks (1) that the 
most of the lively farmers are Western men; 
(2) that many agricultural writers know too 
ir>uch; (3) that it is not beneath any man to 
take an interest in the culture of flowers; 
(4)— and this the Roral heartily indorses— 
that tLoie papers which do not discontinue 
mailing copies to subscribers till the subscri¬ 
bers say “ Stop the paper” and charge for the 
copies sent but not ordered, take an unfair ad¬ 
vantage of an unjust law... 
Farm and Garden says that you can tell 
ca merciful farmer as soon as he stops at a 
post. He takes the blanket off his wife’s 
lap and spreads it over, the poor horses!. 
It does aggravate a mau to think that 
while his wife ain’t afraid to tackle him and 
nearly yank his head of, she is madly terror¬ 
ized by a cow that he can chase out of the 
yard at any time.. 
Where only a cattle fence is wanted along 
permanent pasture, and the shade will do no 
harm, “ Waldo” says in the Ohio Farmer, 
that he would plant hedges and let them grow 
into timber, and they will grow posts almost 
as durable as steel. The less hedge a farmer 
has to trim, however, the better... 
It will be wise says “Waldo,” in another 
I lace (and we fully agree with him) for farm¬ 
ers to prepare for a dry Fall, and as soon as 
the land can be worked the teams should be 
kept moving early and late till the land is 
pulverized. He who neglects to stir the soil 
until it is baked, will be likely to lose his 
crop if the drought whioh we havo such good 
reasou to look for comes, Pastures w ill suf¬ 
fer all the more severely when the dry 
weather comes, on account of the sodden 
condition they have been in all Spring, and 
it will be wise to provide some soiling crops 
for the pinch, if id comes. 
A western correspondent writes to Dr. 
Hoskins “We feel the railroad monopoly 
here in the West tightening around us more 
closely every year. They let the producer 
have just enough out of his crop to keep him 
from goiugout of the business.”.. 
Although we call this a free country, th 
spirit of servility has immense streugth 
among us........ 
RURAL SPECIAL REPORTS. 
Arkansas. 
Durham, Washington Co., July 7.—Wheat 
acreage 20 per cent, greater than in 1881, and 
the yield will be larger than last year. Oat 
and rye acreage the same as last year but the 
yield will be larger. Grasses fine. Indian 
corn looks well now. Potatoes extra fine. 
There will be an average fruit crop. W. s. 
Kansan. 
Parsons, Labette Co., July 8. —Wheat 
orn, and oats all cut. Parity end )ye, none 
raised. Wbeut is being thrashed from the 
shock. It is perfectly dry. In spite of t,hia 
millers and farmers persist in the opinion that . 
it will sweat. I say, nay. Vegetable and 
animal matter if robbed of a certain portion 
of its moisture will keep fresh indefinitely. 
Oats are cut and will be trashed this week. 
Corn is very promising, but if we should fail 
to get two good rains within 40 days it will 
be hurt more or less. We are having a 
a drought now. Texas is suffering badly and 
her corn is probably already badly damaged. 
Potatoes are very fine. Fruit is plentiful, good 
and cheap. Wheat in quality and quantity 
never was better: acreage one-fourth less 
than average. Oats have suffered from 
rust but will be more than average. The con¬ 
tinuance of many farmers in their profession 
depends on this season’s crops. J. B. 
Pennsylvania. 
New Lebanon, Mercer Co., July 4.—Al¬ 
though cold and wet kept the corn back, 
it has a good color and looks well, but is 
quite small for this time of year. The 
wheat in appearance is as good as has 
been seen for a long while, well headed 
and rank in growth. The grass is very good 
at present and bids fair to yield a good haj 
harvest. Oats look well and are growing 
nicely. The apple crop may not be as good 
as was expected. A great amount of potatoes 
has been planted; they were very scarce and 
high priced this Spring. Butter 17 cts. per 
pound and eggs 18 cts. per doz. J. e. c. 
Troy Township, Crawford Co. July 3.— 
We had a late Spring here, but crops are 
looking good. More wheat was put in last Fall 
than ever before and it looks splendid. Oats 
and grass both very heavy. Corn is late but 
it is coming on finely, for we have good 
weather.. Potatoes will be an immense crop. 
Beef cattle scarce and very high. I. h. 
Wyoming Territory 
Steilacoom, Pierce Co., June 25.— 
Wheat, oats and grasses are looking well, ex¬ 
cept on light soils; there the weather has 
been too.dry, and all crops are light. Pota¬ 
toes are lookiag well. Fruit will be scarce 
this year. The Spring was cold and back¬ 
ward, and late frosts injured fruit. Small 
fruit is plenty. I never saw such crops of 
strawberries and raspberries in any coun¬ 
try. c. t. f. 
C-Onmst. 
ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS. 
[Every query must be accompanied by the name 
and address of the writer to Insure attention I 
HOW TO PROPAGATE CARNATIONS AND ROSES. 
J . W. D., address mislaid 1, How should 
seeds of Latania Borboniea be planted i 2, 
What is the best way to propagate carnations 
and roses ? 
Ans. —Plant the seeds an inch deep in 
sandy loam in pots or boxes, and place a thin 
layer of bog moss over the soil to keep it from 
drying up too quickly. Keep shaded from 
sunshine away from drying drafts, and in a 
temperature of some 75 deg. 2. Carnations 
by cuttings at any time but preferably in the 
the Spring, so that good plants may be had 
from them before Winter. Insert the cuttings 
thickly and firmly around the inside edge of 
small pots compactly filled with sand. Keep 
the sand moderately moist and the cuttings 
shaded from sunshine. Plunge the pots con¬ 
taining the cuttings in ashes in a box or 
frame. Or at this seasou you may propa¬ 
gate them by layers. Take the outside shoots, 
remove the leaves from the third joint, then 
make a slit from half an inch below the 
joint to at least the same above it: remove 
the part of this tongue that is below the 
joint, then bend the shoot so that the cut 
heel may rest into the earth and with a lit¬ 
tle hooked peg fasten it there and cover the 
joint over with sandy soil to about an inch or 
a little more in depth. In a few weeks they will 
be rooted and fit for removal. Of Tea, Noisette, 
Bourbon and some other roses take cuttings 
from this year’s wood, insert them thickly and 
firmly in sand in a frame, shallow box, or 
pots, and let them remain there undisturbed 
till next October or November, when, if they 
are well rooted, you may pot them off singly, 
or transplant them into other frames or box¬ 
es, but if they are not well rooted let them 
remain till Spring before you disturb them. 
Bring chem inside or cover them up well in 
Winter. The cuttings may have one or two 
eyes; if but one eye, retain a piece of stem 
one or two inches long below the bud, also 
half an inch above it, and insert the cutting 
so that the eye may rest closely upon the sand 
but not be buried in it; if two eyes, cub off 
tbe stem close beneath the second eye, and 
insert the cutting so that one eye is well buried 
in the sand and the other clear above it. The 
leaf of the siugfe eye cutting also the upper 
one of the two-eye cutting should be retained. 
The cuttings should be kept shaded from 
sunshine and protected from drying winds; 
his you can do in a frame by covering up 
with a sash and shading with a mat, white¬ 
wash, newspaper or other material, or, if you 
have no regular frame you can make a small 
frame like box and cover it with mosquito 
netting, cheese-cloth, oiled cotton clotb, or 
other handy material, as an old apron or 
piece of a sack. Or you can invert tumblers 
or old fruit jars over tbe pots and shade them 
with paper. Keen the sand uniformly moist, 
but rather than wet it often endeavor to pre¬ 
vent it from getting dry too quickly. Most roses 
are readily propagated from layers; indeed 
Moss Roses are mostly increased by this means. 
When the bark works well, as in July or Au¬ 
gust, you can propagate almost any rose by 
budding, but, generally, as it is best to have 
roses on their own roots, budding, except in 
the case of roses difficult to propagate in any 
other way or where a numerous variety of 
flowers on a few plants is required, is not to be 
recommended. 
TUMOR ON HORSE'S SHOULDER. 
M. C. C ., Trappe, Md .—My three-year old 
mare has a large swelling over her leftshoulder. 
She has hardly been used at all—never with a 
collar. I have used croton oil on the swelling 
and also poulticed it, with no good effect. Is 
it a fistula, and how should it be treated? 
Ans. —The swelling is not as yet a fistula in 
all probability, but a simple abscess, as a fistu¬ 
la is a tumor having in itdeep-seateu cartila¬ 
ginous channels formed by the borrowing of 
pus. The swelling may have come originally 
from a blow received in passing through a 
low door-way, and this, by tbe way, is the 
pregnant cause of poll evil, a precisely simi¬ 
lar disease, as well as of an abscess on the 
withers. The treatment is- simple, being 
merely to remove the pus formed in the ab¬ 
scess and prevent it from burrowing in the 
muscles of the shoulder. This is done by 
freely opening the tumor and cleansing it 
perfectly, at least twice a day, by means of 
a sponge and warm, soapy water, to which a 
few drops of pyroligneous acid are added. 
If necessary, the wound should be rinsed out 
by means of a syringe, but it must be 
thoroughly cleansed at each dressing. Some 
soft tow steeped in compound tincture of ben¬ 
zoin is then made into a plug and put in the 
opening to the bottom; a piece of folded cloth, 
dipped in watlr strongly flavored with py¬ 
roligneous acid, is then laid over the part and 
covered with a pieee of sacking tied by the 
four corners by cords passed around the neck 
and back of the fore legs, to keep it in place; 
the wound must be kept from closing until 
the bottom heals, and the healing must be 
completed at the surface and the surface 
gradually closed; for if any diseased tissue 
or matter is left in, it will then form a 
fistula and break out again worse than ever. 
If pipes have formed and a fistula exists 
these must be cut out with a knife or corroded 
by hydro-chloric and reduced one-half with 
water. 
KEEPING CREAM. 
T. L. P. C., Carters mile, Fa.—How often 
should cream, put in deep vessels in a spring- 
house, be skimmed, tmd should it be kept in 
water or be allowed to get soar? 
Ans —It depends upon the temperature of 
the water. If this is above 50 degrees it would 
be better to set the milk in shallow pans, be¬ 
cause all the cream will not rise in the deep 
pans before the milk sours. If kept below 50 
degrees the cream may be skimmed the third 
day , when it will all have risen. If the cream 
is churned twice a week it may be kept out 
of the water so that it will sour, as this should 
eccur before the cream is churned. If the 
churning is done only once a week or at long¬ 
er intervals than three days, the cream should 
be kept in the cold water and only taken out 
24 hours before it is churned. Sour cream 
makes a higher flavored and better keeping 
butter than sweet cream. 
Miscellaneous. 
W. W. P., Bavesuille, Miss. —1. What is 
the best time to plant water-lilies—nym¬ 
phos—and where can they be obtained ? 2, 
How about Aponogeton? 
Ans.— 1. Nympbaias may be planted any 
time between October and tbe first of June, but 
preferably in Spring. Hardy nymphaeas can 
be got from Woolson & Co., Passaic, N. J., 
also hardy aud tender ones from Mr. Sturte- 
vant, florist, Bordentown, N. J. Hardy 
nymph mas, according to size of roots and 
kind, cost from 25 cents to To^cents each, ex¬ 
cept the sweet-scented pink one, which may 
cost ff> a root. The blue and yellow tender 
ones cost 50 cents or a little more, and the 
DevoDieusis (redone) from £3 to $5. .2, Apouo- 
geton had better Ihj planted In late Summer 
or early# Fall. It may be cultivated in 
the same way as nympbteas, only in shal¬ 
lower water. It does not grow nearly so 
large as the regular pond lilies; it is a Winter 
bloomer. If the above florists cannot supply 
you with it, they can import it for you. The 
probable cost will be from thirty-five cents 
to one dollar a root, according to size. 
C. E. P., Queens, L. I. —Where can I obtain 
seeds of Acacia Drummondii and A. Farnesi- 
ana? 
Ans. —Acacia Drummondii can be got from 
Robert Veitch &Son, Florists, New Haven 
Conn. A Farnesiana, though a very desira¬ 
ble plant in the subtropical parts of our coun¬ 
try, is hardly decorative enough as a green¬ 
house plant to justify our nurserymen in 
keeping it in stock. Any of our progressive 
seedsmen will get seed of it for you. The 
seed of acacias and many other beautiful and 
desirable plants, for instance, Rhodoehiton 
volabile, are not kept in stock by our seeds¬ 
men, because the general public do not ask 
for them, but anything we want in the way 
of seeds and which caa be procured in this or 
any other country, we find our seedsmen, on 
demand and timely notice, are only too glad 
to get for us. 
C. H. E., Wessington, Dak., sends plants 
for name. 
Ans. —No. 1 is False Mallow, botanically 
Malvastrum coeeineum. This abounds in 
Iowa. Minnesota and Montana. It is a low, 
hardy perennial with pedate leaves. No. 2 
belongs to the pea or pulse family named 
Hedysarum boieale, from two Greek words 
meaning sweet and smell. No. 3. This is & 
near relative of the well knowu Orchard 
Grass. It is known in botany as Kceleria 
cristata, and is found in the dry hills of Penn¬ 
sylvania to Illinois, thence northward to 
westward. We know nothing as to its value. 
J. A. M., Ashville, N. Y. —Where can I 
get Ayrshire stock? 
Ans. —Col. F. D. Curtis, of Charlton, New 
York; J. Casterline, Dover, N. J., and John 
Crane, Elizabeth, N. J., are dairymen who 
have good herds of Ayrshire cattle, aud from 
whom pure stock could be procured at 
reasonable prices. S. D. Wells, of Wethersfield, 
Conn., is a well known breeder, and the 
Oneida Community, Oneida, N. Y., has a 
good herd, but the prices of theso breeders 
S eh'gh. These parties, as far as we know, 
e honest and trustworthy. 
F. F. M., Fredericksburg, Va. —What 
the matter with my chicks? Their mouth*, 
and eyes are sore, and a scab on the edges of 
the mouth prevents them from closing it? 
Ans. —The disease is roup or catarrh. Wash 
the fowls’ heals with warm vinegar, and the 
mouth with a solution of a pinch of chlorate 
of potash in a teaspoonful of warm water. 
Drop a little of the solution down the throat 
before washing the mouth. Feed the fowls 
on warm milk and bread, and keep their 
houses perfectly clean. 
D. C., Ellsworth, III. —How can ants be 
driven away from house plants? Will the 
pests destroy them if allowed to remain? 
Ans. —Yes.—Keep your plants clean. Ants 
are not likely to trouble plants that are not al¬ 
ready infested with scale, mealy bug, green 
fly or other one of the pests peculiar to pot 
plants. It is not the plants that attract the 
ants but the insects that infest them. But do 
not consider that the ants may be beneficial 
in destroying the insects, as that is not the 
case. # 
F. IV, Attleboro, Mass. —Where can I pur¬ 
chase “dollar queens,” and what is the Ru¬ 
ral’s opinion on the trade in them? 
Ans. —From G. M. Doolittle, Borodino, N. 
Y., and W. Z. Hutchinson, Rogersviile, 
Mich. While we think, with Prof. A. J. 
Cook, that it would be better for apiculture 
gen-rally that all queens sold should be “test¬ 
ed queens,” still we a^reB with Mr. Hutch¬ 
inson that “dollar queens” are tbe next best 
thing. 
W. J. M., Woodhull . IV. Y. : Where can I 
get fire-proof mineral paint for the roof of 
my house? 
Ans.—A brown fire-proof mineral paint is 
made by H. W. Johus M’f’g. Co., 87 Maiden 
Lane, N. Y. City. It is used for roofs, fences 
bams and rough wood-work generally. It is 
sold by the barrel at $1 per gallon and in one- 
gallon cans at 81.15 per gallon. 
M. C. Canby, la. —Is there any danger of 
raising poisonous fungi on a bed sown with 
mushroom spawn obtained from a seedsmen. 
Ans. —No. Natural fungi may spring up 
anywhere, but the mushroom spawn that is 
sold by seedsmen is not likely to produce any¬ 
thing other than the common mushroom. 
O. A. C., Elizabethtown, Ky., sends a 
clover for name. 
Ans. —This is the Yellow Clover or Low 
Hop Clover—Trifolium procumbens. It has 
too little foliage, is too small and spreading 
to be of much value. 
Communications Rkckjvkd kor thb VTkkk Ending 
Saturday, July 15,1882. 
C. D., peta received, thanks—T. M.. thanks—H. S.— 
J. B. G.-J. R. E.- T. T. L.-H. S.- B. W -G. W. C.-M. 
W.—N. Jones, answer soon—R. E. A.—J. K. S.-E. D 
C.—E. M.HA. B. A.—T. D. E.—T. D. C.-Mrs. L. Q.-N. 
W Bacon, yes, thanks—J. H. B.—E. N.—D. S.—T. T. 
L.-A. L. I—S. O., thanks-JL R. G.—L A. W.—S. F.B 
-W. E. Jr.—<2 H.W.—W.J. 
