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PROCEEDINGS OF THE CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 
Series 4, Volume 65, 28 Sept. 2018, No. 1 
rior surfaces and extending forward onto lateral surfaces. Cheeks (viz, preopercle) finely scaled; 
hind (vertical) margin of preopercle finely serrated, but ventral margin smooth. Opercle and 
subopercle with large scales in two major rows bordered posteriorly with small scales. Chest and 
nape fully scaled. Eight scale rows along dorsal crest of nape before origin of first dorsal fin. Small 
scales at base of second dorsal fin (and sparsely on posterior base of spinous dorsal fin), and on 
bases of pectoral and caudal fins. 
Anterior tip of premaxillary with cluster of small teeth and one enlarged canine more lateral¬ 
ly placed; the cluster of teeth followed by a tapered band of small teeth. Dentary teeth consist of 
a cluster of small, short, conical teeth anteriorly that are rigid along outer margin but depressible 
inward of outer row. Posterior to these, a series of four larger canine-like teeth, with an outer small¬ 
er tooth row, these in turn followed posteriorly by a row of smaller teeth. Vomerine teeth small, in 
a broad short band. Presence of palatine teeth could not be adequately assessed for fear of damag¬ 
ing specimen; however, there appeared to be a row of small teeth along the bone. 
Color (fresh): (Fig. 8) Head with five or six small black spots behind eye, two in interorbital 
space, one on snout on median line, and diffuse ill-defined spots on sides of snout and head. 
Dorsal half of body and head darker than ventral half; nape and dorsum posteriorly to below third 
dorsal spine dark brown; a broad dark saddle below last three spines and first two soft rays of dor¬ 
sal fin; a second dark saddle below 5 th through 9 th soft rays, followed by third saddle (partially 
merged with second) below last two soft rays and anterior one-third or so of caudal peduncle, a 
fourth saddle on posterior third of caudal peduncle ending sharply at base of caudal fin. Spinous 
dorsal fin irregularly brown with faint pale blotches, a bold black spot between posterior part of 
spinous dorsal and anteriormost end of soft dorsal fin; pectoral fin missing on both sides; pelvic 
fins pale to light yellow; anal fin dark brown overall; caudal fin mostly orangish to pink with 
darker upper and lower edges. Iris orange. 
Figure 8. Serranus drewesi Iwamoto, new species. Holotype (CAS 234050 (53.5 mm SL) from submarine cave on 
Santana Islet, Sao Tome Island. Photograph by David Catania. 
Comparisons : Serranus drewesi is most similar in overall characters to S. hepatus, notably in 
having six anal fin rays and closely similar fin ray counts, somewhat similar body shape, and gen¬ 
eral color pattern, including a prominent black spot on the dorsal fin. That spot, however, is not 
