IWAMOTO & WIRTZ: SYNOPSIS OF EASTERN ATLANTIC SERRANUS 
13 
ocellated as in S. hepatus and it merges with the broad saddle on the dorsum immediately below. 
The saddles on the body do not extend to the ventral body margin and do not sharply contrast with 
a generally pale body as in S. hepatus. The pelvic fin is overall yellowish (dusky in preserved spec¬ 
imen) in contrast to black in S. hepatus and the anal fin is uniformly dark brown without the 
pronounced black anterior and clear distal parts so notable in S. hepatus. Other differentiating 
features include: the absence in S. drewesi of narrow gold to orange stripes on the head (vs. pres¬ 
ent in S. hepatus ); black spots on the head (lacking in S. hepatus ), two opercular spines in S. drewe¬ 
si (vs. three); snout longer than orbit (vs. about equal to); gill rakers on first arch 14 total (3+1+10) 
(vs. 19-23); long cirri on flap of anterior nostril 7 or 8 (vs. 1-3 stubby cirri); cycloid scales on body 
(vs. ctenoid scales); circumpeduncular scale rows 21 (vs. 23-26); scale rows below origin of dor¬ 
sal fin 5 (vs. 6-8); interorbital space naked (vs. scaled); mandibular ramus finely scaled (vs. naked). 
Serranus drewesi is readily differentiated from S. scriba, S. cabrilla, and S. atricauda by its 
fewer lateral-line scales and its distinctive color pattern. The combination of relatively low fin-ray 
counts of soft dorsal, pectoral, and anal fms, and the fewer gill rakers, the absence of ctenoid scales, 
as well as the color pattern, which includes a large black spot on the dorsal fin, distinguish the new 
species from the remaining eastern Atlantic species of the genus. 
Size : To at least 6.5 cm TL 
Distribution.— Known only from the holotype taken by mini-spear in a submarine cave in 
Santana Islet, Republic of Sao Tome e Principe. 
Etymology.— Named in honor of Dr. Robert C. Drewes of the California Academy of Sci¬ 
ences, for his dedicated efforts in leading 12 separate scientific and educational expeditions to Sao 
Tome e Principe to explore and document the diverse fauna and flora of that country and to inspire 
and educate the country’s citizens as to the biological wealth and uniqueness of where they live. 
Remarks.— We describe this species with some reluctance owing to the absence of addition¬ 
al specimens and the small size of the only representative. We did not examine the internal organs, 
notably the gonads, to determine whether it is a juvenile or an adult. If the former, it is likely that 
the adult pigmentation pattern of this species differs substantially from the holotype. We also did 
not examine the myological, arthrological, and osteological characters used by Meisler (1987:80) 
defining the subgenera Paracentropristis and Serranus (e.g., levator arcus palatini muscle inserts 
on preopercle and dorsal origin of ethmomaxillary ligament medial on mesethmoid). We await the 
collection of additional specimens to expand on the description of this obscure little species. 
Type specimen.— Holotype, CAS 234050 (53.5 mm SL); Sao Tome e Principe, Sao Tome Is.; 
Santana Islet (0°14'33.1"N, 6°45'36.rW); collected by J.E. McCosker and J.-L. Testori in 
submarine cave at 62 ft [18.9 m] depth; 28 Jan. 2009; mini-hand spear. 
Serranus ( Paracentropristis ) hepatus (Linnaeus, 1758) 
Figures 9-10 
Labrus Hepatus Linnaeus, 1758:282 (Mediterranean). 
Holocentrus siagonotus Delaroche, 1809:66, fig. 8 (Balearic Islands). 
Serranus hepatus : Risso 1826:377. Dalgi? et al. 2013 (Black Sea off Rurkey), Apostolos 2014:142 (Black Sea, 
off Bulgaria) 
Holocentrus adriaticus Nardo, 1827 (Adriatic). 
Centropristis hepatus : Gunther 1859:84 (Mediterranean). 
Paracentropristis hepatus: Jordan and Evermann 1890:395. Fowler 1936:765, fig. 337. 
Diagnosis.— D X,11-13; P 13-15, usually 14; A III,6 or 7; gill rakers 6-7+14-15(19-23 
total); pored lateral-line scales 44-52; circumpeduncular scales 23-26; scales below origin of first 
