16 
PROCEEDINGS OF THE CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 
Series 4, Volume 65, 28 Sept. 2018, No. 1 
ed. Anterior nostril tubelike with high fringed posterior flap. Interradial membranes of dorsal and 
anal fms scaled on basal one-half to one-third. Nape, opercle, preopercle, pectoral-fin base and 
chest scaled. Ground color dark red to reddish-orange with seven white vertical bands on body 
alternating with broad red bands or blocks. A prominent white or blue crescent mark behind orbit 
in life (dark in preserved specimens); small blue spots ventrally on snout, suborbital and upper lip, 
and blue to white diagonal streaks on lower part of operculum. 
Description. — Body relatively slender and compressed, width over pectoral bases about half 
of HL, greatest body depth 2.5-3.0 in SL, slightly less than HL, which is about 2.5-2.6 in SL. 
Dorsal and ventral profiles gently curved from tip of snout to caudal fin. Snout about equal in 
length to orbit diameter; both somewhat greater than interorbital width. Lower jaw projecting 
slightly beyond upper jaw; maxilla extending to below midorbit. Anterior nostril with raised rim, 
posteriorly rising to a high narrow flap with 2^4 long fmgerlike papillae or slender cirri at distal 
tip; posterior nostril lacking raised rim. Opercular spines three, the uppermost poorly developed 
and obscure, middle spine longest, the lowermost smaller. Preopercle margin serrated with 
flattened spines, those at angle largest. 
Premaxillary teeth in narrow band, the outer series spaced and slightly enlarged; one or more 
large canines at anterior end. Dentary with a spaced series of slightly enlarged outer teeth flanking 
band of much smaller teeth, the tooth series becoming larger posteriorly to near end of gape. 
Vomerine teeth in broad V-shaped band, followed on each arm by a narrow band of small palatine 
teeth. 
Scales cover most of head, body, and basal parts of dorsal, anal, caudal, and pectoral fms, but 
absent on the following: snout; on dorsal surfaces of head to front of nape; over suborbital region 
to above hind margin of maxilla; on jaws; along narrow border behind orbits; on gular and bran- 
chiostegal membranes; on entire exposed surfaces of interopercle; and along outer margin of 
preopercle. 
First four to six spines of dorsal fin graduated, the 5 th to 6 th spines longest, the spines follow¬ 
ing subequal; the soft rays slightly higher than longest spines, the 4 th or 5 th ray longest; a slight 
notch in fin profile. Anal fin relatively high, its posterior tip rounded; spines shorter than soft rays, 
the first spine more than half length of second and third spines, the second spine longer and stouter 
than the others; the anterior and middle soft rays longest. Pectoral fin broad-based, its origin about 
on same vertical as that of dorsal fin and slightly behind that of pelvic fin; the posterior tips of 
pectoral and pelvic fms fall short of anus. Caudal fin truncate to somewhat emarginate; dorsal lobe 
slightly pointed, ventral lobe rounded at tip. 
Color: In a live individual from the Cape Verde Islands (Fig. 11), ground color dark wine-red, 
five broad red bands across body from caudal peduncle to (and touching) base of pectoral fin, 
another over nape and onto opercle; forward of that a narrower band on preopercle; seven narrow 
white bands interspersed between red bands of head and body; behind posterior rim of orbit a 
prominent narrow blue to white crescent-shaped mark; small blue spots cover head and vertical 
fms. In a fish from Guinea (CAS 234558) (Fig. 12), ground color light reddish-orange, dorsum 
somewhat darker, snout darkest; five broad dark vertical bands on body, each extending almost 
entire depth of body, with the exception of the anterior two which fade into white of belly; dark 
bands alternate with six pale narrower bands, the last dark band narrowest and on caudal peduncle, 
followed by narrow pale band at base of caudal fin. Two white streaks on cheek from lower part of 
preopercle extending diagonally downward to interopercle; a light blue crescent mark along hind 
border of orbit; small blue spots on head and vertical fms. Soft rays of dorsal and anal fms distal- 
ly dark with trace of blue and speckled with small yellow to gold spots; posterior margins of dor¬ 
sal and anal fins blackish. Caudal fin with narrow yellowish bands; upper and lower margins yel- 
