18 
PROCEEDINGS OF THE CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 
Series 4, Volume 65, 28 Sept. 2018, No. 1 
broken by a moustache-like marking from upper jaw that tapers medially, the markings on each 
side almost meeting at interopercles; the white chest is marked by a red streak originating at angle 
of operculum and ending at origin of pelvic fins; no black spot or margin in dorsal fin; no dark 
spots or whitish crescent marks on head; pelvic fins usually completely white. A common color 
variant in Sao Tome has broad orange to reddish stripes on body, one dorsally from nape to dorsal 
margin of caudal peduncle, a midlateral stripe from eye to center of caudal fin base, a third from 
lower part of head to ventral margin of caudal peduncle; juveniles of this variant may have 
midlateral and lower stripes black. Comparison of S. heterurus and S. inexpectatus are given in the 
description of the latter species. 
We found much variability in the color patterns, markings, and shape in this species that has 
led to much confusion as to what species we are dealing with. The original description and illus¬ 
tration of the species by Cadenat (1937) clearly distinguish most specimens from the Cape Verde 
Islands, Senegal, Sao Tome I., Principe I., and Guinea. 
DNA evidence provided by Benjamin Victor suggests that S. inexpectatus is most closely relat¬ 
ed to S. pulcher and together they form a clade that is sister to S. heterurus. Victor’s DNA 
sequences for S. heterurus came from specimens collected in the Cape Verde Islands; those for 
S. inexpectatus from Angola, Sierra Leone, and Senegal. We have not had the opportunity to exam¬ 
ine the voucher specimens. 
Specimens examined (12 spec.).— Guinea: CAS 234712 (64.8 mm SL); 9°24.8'N, 
14°36.6W; 47-53 m; R/VDr Fridtjof Nansen [DFN] CCLME Survey 2012, sta. 7; 11 May 2012. 
CAS 234711 (80.8 mm SL); 9°46'N, 14°46.1'W; 34-33 m; R/VDFN CCLME Survey 2012, sta. 
16; 12 May 2012. CAS 234558 (73.2 mm SL); 10°03.7'N, 15°28.5'W; 28-29 m; R/V DFN CCLME 
Survey 2012, sta. 27; 14 May 2012. CAS 234709 (46.6 mm SL); 10.152°N, 15.9284°W; 35 m; R/V 
DFNC CLME Survey 2012; 14 May 2012. Sao Tome e Principe: CAS 231614 (58.2 mm SL); Sao 
Tome Island; 0°04.35'N, 6°38.77'E; 56-60 m; R/V DFN Survey 2010-04-05, sta. 23; 15 May 2010. 
CAS 231627 (66.8 mm SL); Sao Tome Island; 65-55 m; R/V DFN Survey 2010-04-05, sta. 32; 
18 May 2010. Cape Verde Islands: USNM 405101 (88.3 mm SL); 15°45T2"N, 23°05'27"W; 
73-6 lm; R/V DFN Cape Verde 2011 Exped, sta. 10, coll. K. Wieber, 10 June 2011. USNM 405105 
(75 mm SL), between Santiago and Boa Vista islands; 15°40'06"N, 23°11T5"W; 77-79 m; R/V 
DFN Cape Verde 2011 Exped, sta. 12, 10 June 2011. USNM 405181 (69 mm SL); 16°34'36"N, 
23°51'24"W; 31-45 m; Cape Verde 2011 Exped., DFN sta. 28, coll. K. Wieber, 
14 June 2011. ZSM 44703 (78.3 mm SL), ZSM 43730 (39.4 mm SL), ZSM 43051 (36.0 mm SL); 
Kingfisher Bay at Terrafal on Santiago I.; 15.275522°N, 23.459545°W; 19 m; coll. P. Wirtz, Oct. 
2015. 
Serranus ( Paracentropristis ) inexpectatus Wirtz and Iwamoto, sp. nov. 
Figures 13-15 
Paracentropristis heterurus'. Poll 1954:72-73, fig. 20 (in part, descr. and fig. of S. inexpectatus ; nw of 
Mayumba, Gabon). Heemstra and Anderson 2016:2411 (in part, descr. and fig. from Poll 1954, of S. inex¬ 
pectatus). 
Diagnosis.— D X,12; P 17; A III,7; gill rakers 5-7+10-11 (15-18 total); pseudobranchial 
filaments about 22; pored lateral-line scales 46; circumpeduncular scales 21; scales below origin 
of first dorsal fin 4, below first segmented dorsal ray 3-3.5. Caudal fin truncate, the upper lobe 
slightly pointed, lower lobe somewhat rounded. Dorsal, anal, and pectoral fins scaly near base. 
Anterior nostril tubelike, rim low anteriorly but rising to a high narrow flap posteriorly, with 4-6 
long cirri at distal tip; posterior nostril a simple opening lacking a raised rim. Prominent black 
blotch distally between dorsal fin spines 1 and 4. Five broad bands on body and another over nape; 
