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PROCEEDINGS OF THE CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 
Series 4, Volume 65, 28 Sept. 2018, No. 2 
lanceolate to lance-elliptic, 7-9 mm long, 2-3 mm wide, abaxially pubescent like bracts. Flowers 
pedicellate, pedicels 21 —46 mm long, pubescent like rachis or with the trichomes to 1 mm long. 
Calyx 17-32 mm long, lobes fused at base for 1—1.5 mm, subhomomorphic to subheteromorphic, 
membranaceous, subelliptic to ovate-elliptic to subrhombic-obovate, rounded to acute at apex, 
abaxially pubescent with mostly dendritic trichomes 0.1-0.5 mm long, posterior lobe planar, 
17-32 mm long, 10-19 mm wide, usually slightly larger and sometimes more conspicuously 
venose than lateral lobes, major veins often maroon, lateral lobes 20-31 mm long, 8-18 mm wide. 
Corolla light green or greenish yellow, sometimes with maroon on limb (especially at base of 
lobes) and distal portion of throat, externally glabrous (inconspicuously glandular punctate but 
lacking elongate trichomes), 50-62 mm long, tube 35-37 mm long, narrow proximal portion 
11-15 mm long, 6-10.5 mm diameter near midpoint, throat 20-24 mm long, 25-35 mm diameter 
at mouth, lobes recurved to recoiled, broadly ovate to subtriangular, 13-20 mm long, 10-21 mm 
wide, entire at apex. Stamens 4, 60-80 mm long, filaments glabrous distally, glabrous or pubescent 
with eglandular trichomes near base, thecae 8-10.5 mm long; staminode 1, rodlike, 0.6^40 mm 
long. Style 70-101 mm long, distally glabrous, pubescent with eglandular and glandular trichomes 
near base, stigma equally 2-lobed, lobes broadly elliptic to broadly ovate-triangular, 1-2 mm long, 
1-1.4 mm wide. Capsule 21-28 mm long, 6.5-9.5 mm in diameter, densely pubescent with erect 
glandular trichomes 0.05-0.5 mm long and with an overstory (sometimes sparse) of erect to flex- 
uose (sometimes dendritic) eglandular trichomes to 1.4 mm long, stipe 2.5-3.5 mm long. Seeds up 
to 16 per capsule, 5.2-7 mm long, 5-6.4 mm wide, surfaces smooth. 
Phenology. — Flowering: February-March; fruiting: March-April. Based on field observa¬ 
tions and cultivated plants (Daniel et al. 11894cv), flowering occurs on leafless (or nearly leafless) 
plants during the dry season. Near the end of the dry season (e.g., late March-April) when flower¬ 
ing is waning and fruits are mature, a new flush of vegetative growth appears from axils of clus¬ 
tered leaf scars at the base of the inflorescence, which eventually falls away. New intemodal stem 
elongation (e.g., the young stems of the description above) takes place from the axil of a leaf scar 
on the old growth and terminates in a cluster of new leaves and/or between at least one of the pairs 
of leaves in the cluster and the remaining cluster. 
Field observations of Daniel et al. 11894 over three days (24-26 February 2012) revealed: day 
1 between 08:00-09:00 (light) — corollas mostly fallen, only a few from previous night still 
attached to tree; day 2 between 19:00-20:00 (dark) — all corollas open, ca. 100 seen, bats active 
around plants but none seen visiting flowers, no floral odor detected and no nectar visible in sac¬ 
cate tube of undissected corollas, stigma extended ca. 1 cm beyond anthers on fresh flowers, stig¬ 
ma of 7 flowers examined for pollen (all pollinated); day 3 between 17:30-18:30 (light) — many 
corollas open and many others still in bud, corollas open fully (including recurving of corolla 
lobes) in 15 to 20 seconds, open flowers actively visited by Cinnamon Hummingbird (Amazilia 
rutila, species det. by Jeff Chemnick), birds probe for nectar once or twice at same flower before 
moving on, nectar is located behind a barrier (seen in dissected flowers) at the base of the tube, 
nectar not visible in the saccate throat, birds appear to contact anthers with head or back and 
presumably contact the stigma on some visits as well, birds visit between 5-10 flowers on a single 
plant or on multiple plants before moving away from an area or resting on a branch, 2 flowers were 
observed to open and when subsequently visited by a hummingbird (one flower visited once, other 
flower visited twice) they were checked for pollination (no pollen observed on stigma of either), 
small bees or flies also observed visiting flowers but they only contact anthers, buds continue open¬ 
ing until full darkness (at 18:30); day 3 between 18:30-20:30 (dark) — hummingbirds no longer 
active, bats very active around plants but none observed visiting flowers. 
