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PROCEEDINGS OF THE CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 
Series 4, Volume 65, 28 Sept. 2018, No. 2 
Sciences 24:36-87. 
Willmer, P. 2011. Pollination and Floral Ecology. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, USA. 
778 pages. 
Appendix 1 
Summaries of pollen measurements and information on sculptural elements for 10 species of 
Louteridium based on the collections indicated. Not all measurements could be made from all 
grains, n = number of grains measured, WD = widest grain diameter, AD = apertural diameter, larg¬ 
er sculptural element measurements = length x diameter, and smaller sculptural element measure¬ 
ment = diameter or longest axis parallel to exine surface. Shapes of sculptural elements are based 
on Walker and Doyle (1975). 
L. brevicalyx {Daniel & Steinmann 11913, Hinton et al. 15843, Reyes & Steinmann 5484,). n = 4. 
WD = 106-132 pm; AD = 10-15 pm. Larger sculptural elements gemmate to baculate, 4-6 x 
3-6 pm, smaller elements gemmate to baculate to pilate to rugulate or sometimes dense and 
nearly forming a reticulum, 0.1-1.4 pm. 
L. chartaceum {Daniel & Butterwick 5905). n = 3. WD = 107-118 pm; AD = 7-18 pm. Larger 
sculptural elements gemmate to baculate, 3-7 x 4-6 pm, smaller elements verrucate, 0.3-2.5 
pm. 
L. costaricense {van der Werff 7019). n = 2. WD = 106-121 pm; AD = not clearly evident in sam¬ 
ples. Larger elements gemmate, 4.0-5.7 x 4.3-6.3 pm, smaller elements gemmate to pilate, to 
baculate, 0.2-1.2 pm. 
L. dendropilosum {Daniel et al. 11784, Fernandez N. 4189). n = 3. WD = 114-131 pm; AP = 8-16 
pm. Larger sculptural elements gemmate to baculate, 4.0-5.6 x 3.7-5.6 pm, smaller elements 
rugulate to verrucate, 0.5-0.8 pm. 
L. donnell-smithii {Breedlove & Almeda 57578, Daniel et al. 11356, Daniel & Veliz 11337). n = 5. 
WD = 121-143 pm; AD = 7-10 pm. Larger sculptural elements gemmate, 2.2-6.1 x 3.4-6.1 
pm, smaller elements echinate to rugulate, 0.4-0.9 pm. 
L. mexicanum {Foerther et al. 10940, Breedlove & Thorne 30786, Breedlove & Daniel 70879gh). 
n = 3. WD = 117-141 pm; AD = 7-12 pm. Larger sculptural elements gemmate, 1.7-6.0 x 
3.3-6.0 pm, smaller elements pilate to baculate, 0.3-1.0 pm. 
L. parayi {Daniel & Wendt 5805, Breedlove & Daniel 70889). n = 3. WD = 130-132 pm; AD = 
5-13 pm. Larger sculptural elements gemmate, 4-5 x 3-6 pm, smaller elements rugulate to ver¬ 
rucate, sometimes congested and nearly forming a reticulum, 0.5-1 pm. 
L. purpusii {Breedlove & Smith 31613). n = 2. WD = 108-132 pm; AD = 11-18 pm. Larger sculp¬ 
tural elements gemmate, 4-6 x 4-6 pm, smaller elements rugulate to pilate, congested and near¬ 
ly forming a reticulum, 1-2.5 pm. 
L. rzedowskianum {Kruse 1380). n = 4. WD = 110-128 pm; AD = 5-13 pm. Larger sculptural 
elements baculate to gemmate, 4-5 x 3^1 pm, smaller elements gemmate, sometimes incon¬ 
spicuous, scattered or nearly linked into a reticulum, 0.4-1.3 pm. 
L. tamaulipense {Hutchison 60-889-1). n = 1. WD =108 pm; AD = 7-9 pm. Larger sculptural 
elements gemmate, 3-5 x 4 pm, smaller elements rugulate, congested and nearly forming a 
reticulum, 0.3-1.3 pm. 
