GODDARD ET AL.: EL NINO IMPACT ON HETEROBRANCH SEA SLUG RANGES 123 
Felimare porterae (Cockerell, 1901). Pacific Grove, Monterey Co., California, 1 specimen, 
subtidal, 27 June 2017 (Gerakin 2017). Carmel Pinnacles, Monterey Co., California, 2 specimens, 
46 m depth, 24 September 2016 (C. Bauder, personal communication to JG 29 September 2016; 
for image see <http://www.baue.Org/images/galleries/v/local/Lunaticos_9-24-16/>). Point Sierra 
Nevada, San Luis Obispo Co., California, 1 specimen, 29 January 2018 (observed by JG; see 
<https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/9698537>). Near Point Buchon, San Luis Obispo Co., 
California, 1 specimen [as Mexichromis porterae ], subtidal, 29 July 2016 (Harmer 2016). Cave 
Landing, San Luis Obispo Co., California, 1 specimen, 17 mm long crawling, 4 December 2017 
(observed by JG; for image see <https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/9057952>). 
Remarks: Felimare porterae was found on the Monterey Peninsula for the first time in 1894 
(MacFarland 1905 [as Chromodoris porterae]). It has been found only a few times in that area 
since (MacFarland 1966; GM, personal observations; for image see <https://www.inaturalist.org/ 
observations/845636>), and has not been reported from farther north. Additionally, Harmer’s 
(2016) image represents only the second t im e F. porterae has been found in San Luis Obispo Co., 
the first was during subtidal monitoring conducted from 1976 to 2001 as part of studies on the 
effects of the thermal discharge by the nuclear power plant at Diablo Canyon, (D. Behrens, per¬ 
sonal communication, with unpublished manuscript, to JG, 29 January 2006; also see Steinbeck et 
al. 2005). Felimare porterae is a Californian species usually found south of the Palos Verdes penin¬ 
sula. 
Diaphoreolis lagunae (O’Donoghue, 1926). Whiskey Creek, Curry Co., Oregon, low rocky 
intertidal, 2 specimens, 16 June 2015 (observed by JG et al.), and 1 specimen (Fig. 3D), 29 May 
2017 (observed by NT). 
Remarks: Diaphoreolis lagunae has been recorded previously in Oregon only three times, 
twice (July 1987 and June 1995) from Whiskey Creek (Goddard 1990,1991 [as Cuthona lagunae], 
personal observations) during strong and moderate El Nino events, respectively, and once (June 
1996) from 48 km north in the low rocky intertidal on the south side of Humbug Mountain (God¬ 
dard 1997, CASIZ 107440) during a weak La Nina following a moderate El Nino. Goddard (1991, 
p. 152) also recorded one specimen from the low rocky intertidal near Crescent City, California in 
July 1998, during the strong 1997-98 El Nino. 
Flabellina cooperi (Cockerell, 1901). Fitzgerald Marine Reserve, San Mateo Co., California, 
low rocky intertidal, 1 specimen, 20 June 2016 (observed by RA; for image see <1 \ttps://www. 
inaturalist. org/observations/3492678>). 
Remarks: Flabellina cooperi is known as far north as Coleman Beach, Sonoma Co., Califor¬ 
nia (Goddard et al. 2016) 
Flabellinopsis iodinea (Cooper, 1863). Cape Flattery, Washington, subtidal, At least 10 spec¬ 
imens observed and photographed by Karin Fletcher and Doug Miller on 6 dates, August 2015 
(Pacific Northwest Shell Club 2016 [as Flabellina iodinea]). 
Remarks: Flabellinopsis iodinea has been found north to Vancouver Island, British Columbia 
(Bernard 1970; and see Goddard et al. 2016) 
Discussion 
During and in the two years following the 2015-16 El Nino 37 species of heterobranch sea 
slugs were recorded north of their usual ranges, a total similar to the 30 total listed by Goddard et 
al. (2016) for the 2014-15 warm anomaly in the Northeast Pacific Ocean. However, the 23 species 
