Occasional Papers Series 
Alan E. Leviton, Ph.D., Editor 
Gary C. Williams, Ph.D., Associate Editor 
Peter Roopnarine, Ph.D., Associate Editor 
Michael T. Ghiselin, Ph.D., Associate Editor 
Michele L. Aldrich, Ph.D., Consulting Editor 
Copyright © 2012 by the California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, California 94118 
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, 
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without permission in writing from the publisher. 
ISSN 0068-5461 
Printed in the United States of America 
Allen Press, Lawrence, Kansas 66044 
