JAN. 24 
THE 
NEW-YORKER. 
conspicuous and heralded as if a gTand discov¬ 
ery to help the progress of agriculture." 
[We may say to our respected contemporary, 
me Maryland Farmer, that we have well- 
grounded hopes that it may prove as valuable 
in this climate as it is known to have proved 
in more southerly climates, and it is for this 
reason we have given so much space to its 
consideration. Act'ng upon our faith, which 
comes from our own tcBts, we have purchased 
a quantity of this Cow Pea, large enough to 
enable us to send a small packet to all of our 
subscribers who apply for^our present “Free 
8eed and Plant Distribution.”—Eds.] 
Pears.—Duchkssb d'Angoulkme.— The gen¬ 
eral popularity of this pear, says the Country 
Gentleman, will be understood when it is boi ne 
in mind that it has received the highest vote 
lor value in the catalogue of the American Po- 
mological Society in twenty-two of the States 
of the Union, and the next vote for value in 
thirteen more 8tates—thirty-five States in all. 
Its large size renders it extremely popular in 
market, although not of first quality in flavor. 
But a point of special value is the exemption 
of the tree from the blight, this disease rarely 
making serious inroads into orchards planted 
with this sort. Its general hardiness has been 
6hown in neglected orchards where nearly all 
other sorts have disappeared for want of care, 
while the Duchesse has remained in full vigor. 
In portions of the Western States it has not 
succeeded. The Bartlett, however, stands first 
for general popularity, in spite of the draw¬ 
back on account of the liability of the tree to 
blight. It bears whiloyouug. Doyenne Bous- 
sock is ene of the few which succeed perfectly 
on quince stock. Ciairgeau varies from worth¬ 
less to good, according to season and location. 
The quality generally improves as the tree 
grows older. Flemish Beauty, when fine, is 
very fine. It does not crack at present as in 
previous years. 
Artificial Wines. —The Keeper of the Seals 
recently addressed a circular lo the Procurator 
Geueral, as we learn from the London Farmer, 
relative to the so-called artificul wines, and the 
brandies made from them. The circular is 
particularly aimed at the " dry grape” wines, 
the manufacture of which has attained con¬ 
siderable importance iu the South of Europe, 
whence wines are still turned out as if the 
phylloxera had never existed, and nil the vine¬ 
yards destroyed by it had beeu re-established 
by magic. M. E. Martin now takes upon him¬ 
self the defence of these artificial wines in the 
columns of our contemporary, The Journal 
d Agriculture Pratique, and asks what differ¬ 
ence there can possibly be between wines made 
of fresh or of dry grapes. He claims that the 
chemical analysis shows no difference what¬ 
ever between Ihem, for all that the manufac¬ 
turers do iu working lu dry grapes is to replace 
the water they have lost by evaporation. M. 
Martin does not advocate wine making from 
dry grapes alone; a certain proportion of fresh 
grapes must be added,or the necessary ferment¬ 
ation will not readily ensue. But he contends 
that if fresh aud dry grapes be used iu about 
equal proportion, the resulting wine will be 
exactly similar to that made from fresh grapes 
alone, and he defies the cleverest taster in the 
trade, or the most faetiduous eater to detect 
the least difference between them. 
A Novel Theory as to the Origin of 
Diamonds, —One of Dr. W. B. Fletcher’s frogs 
escaped from his frogarium some time ago, 
and was found the other day behind a register 
at his office starved to death and shrunk to half 
its former dimensions. The doctor dissected 
it, aud coming to its lungs found these organs 
clogged with thousands of black crystals which 
looked like coarse gunpowder. Under the mi¬ 
croscope those crystals presented regular 
facetB, with smooth surfaces, presenting the 
same angle of crytallizatlon as the diamond. 
On burning they gave off carbonic acid gas, 
and they are pure crystals of carbon, as the 
diamond is. According to the Indianapolis 
Herald, the doctor Ingeniously theorizes that 
in the ages gone by the huge reptiles of the 
antediluvian period, dying under circumstances 
similar to those under which the frog did, may 
have formed large crystals of carbon in their 
luugs which were afterward transformed into 
the hard and lustrous diamond.—Scientific 
American. 
An Englishman on Protection.— The Shef¬ 
field Telegraph says that America, France aud 
Belgium have never swerved in one single in¬ 
stance from their policy of protecting the em¬ 
ployment of the people; and what is the result? 
—that the capital of labor has been steadily 
turning oyer, accumulating aud multiplying, 
and enriching all classes of the community. 
In America, especially, the effect of protecting 
the employment of the people has been little 
short of marvelous. The best workmen of 
England have flocked to her; industries that 
ten years ago had no existence, have sprung 
into vigorous life; she has multiplied her make 
of Bessemer steel eighteen time* In ten years; 
phe ha* seven hundred iron work* in full oper¬ 
ation; she now supplies herself in almost every 
manufactured article she requires ; and neither 
war nor rebellion, nor debt, nor soft money, 
nor hard money, has been able to cause more 
than a temporary derangement of her pros¬ 
perity. 
The A. A. A.—We propose to model our 
American Agricultural Association, (says Mr. 
Hardin in the London Ag. Gazette) very much 
upon the design of the Royal Agricultural 
Society of England, and we take great pride 
in pointing to the success of that institution, 
even under the great disadvantages of de¬ 
pression in agricultural Interests that it has 
labored under In late years. If it conld live 
through such trying times, we, with the 
strength of large crops and rising markets all 
around us, should certainly flourish. The 
encouragement that the movement has met 
with by letters indorsing it from good men 
all over the country, is flattering to the last 
degree, aud makes us firm in the faith, and 
December will see one of the grandest agri¬ 
cultural Societies that has ever been organ¬ 
ized." What! Saul among the prophets I 
When Doctors Disagree.— The editor of 
the Germantown Telegraph says: “When are 
we to get done with that miserable fruit, the 
Kieffer pear ? It continues to occupy space in 
agricultural and horticultural journals all over 
the country. And what matLers whether it is 
a hybrid or a natural, so long as it is worthless 
—totally worthless in our estimation—at least 
as a table fruit?” Conversely, the editor of the 
Gardeners’ Monthly says : “ All we eaa say is, 
that we have eaten fruit of the Kieffer pear, 
which was equal in luscious richness to any 
pear we ever ate!” 
Congress and Agriculture.— When Con¬ 
gress shall stop its foolish quibbling and fight¬ 
ing, says the Western Rural, and give some 
intelligent attention to the subject of agricul¬ 
ture, establishing a proper department for its 
advancement, and making a decent appropria¬ 
tion for its support, it will have done more for 
the solid prosperity of the nation than has ever 
yet been doue at one stroke in the history of 
our government. Agriculture is the support 
of the Republic, and to neglect its Interests at 
Washington Is little short of a downright crime. 
Damage to Trees —The Germantown Tel¬ 
egraph says that there is more damage done to 
trees in taking thorn up iu the nursery by 
rough, ignorant workmen, who have to be em¬ 
ployed in the rush of business, thuu from any 
other cause iu the transplantation. This fact 
is to be particularly remembered. 
England’s Chastisement.— Eighteen hun¬ 
dred aud seventy-eight was a right good year, 
compared with its successor. If the oue 
chastised us with whips, the other has chas¬ 
tised us with scorpions.—Agricultural Gazette. 
CATALOGUES, ETC., RECEIVED. 
Catalogoe.— Peter Henderson <fc Co., 35 
Cortlandt St., N. Y. Of the 138 quarto pages 
of this catalogue, 38 are devoted to flower 
seeds; 38 to vegetable seeds, aud the rest to 
new or rare plants, vegetable plants, roots, 
small fruits, bulbs, flowers, etc., constituting 
iu its entirety what Mr. Henderson appropri¬ 
ately calls it—“ A Catalogue of Everything for 
the Garden,”—though, indeed, in this title 
many seeds and *• things ” for the farm are not 
counted In. It is fully illustrated with wood¬ 
cuts, and one very showy colored plate of flow¬ 
ers of some of our best and latest Gerauiums, 
both single and double, which, handsome as 
they are, are in no wise exaggerated. The 
catalogue Is one that may be perused for hours 
with pleasure and instruction. This will be 
sent, we believe, free to applicants 
Catalogue of A. D. Cowan & Co., The 
American Seed Warehouse,” No. 114 Chamber* 
St., New York City. A plain but foil and care¬ 
fully-arranged catalogue of 65 pages. Choice 
Seeds for the farm and garden with a sum¬ 
mary of useful hints pertaining to their culti¬ 
vation. Mr. A. D. Cowan has had au experi¬ 
ence of several years in some of the leading 
houses iu Europe, and latterly, for nearly ten 
years with the well-known firm of B. K. Bliss 
& 8ons. He should, therefore, be well quali¬ 
fied to superintend his business. This firm, 
we see, offers a costly silver-plated ice-pitcher 
and salver as a premium to the fall exhibition 
of the Queen’s County Agricultural Society for 
the best three specimens each grown from 
their Beeds. Free to applicants. 
Farm Manual. —Garden, farm and flower 
seeds—also blooded stock. This is not a very 
elegant catalogue, but there is a good deal of 
enterprise about it. We notice the Telephone 
pea here offered—also Teoslnte (of whieh the 
Rural has frequently spoken as of probable 
value for warm climates as a fodder plant), 
Blount's White Prolific corn, Donra, etc., etc. 
The catalogue also gives liBts of all sorts of 
poultry, eggs for hatching, shepherd and other 
dogs, cattle, sheep, hogs, etc. Sent free. 
E. & J. C. Williams, Montclair, New Jersey, 
Descriptive Catalogue of small fruits, grapeB, 
bulbs, hardy roses, etc.,—seed potatoes. The 
"Montclair" Raspberry, of which we have 
given a portrait in onr columns, is now first 
offered for sale. Catalogue 4ree. Our readers 
may feel assured of fair treatiqept from this 
establishment. 
Catalogue of the Monmouth Nurseries, 
Little Silver, Monmouth Co., New Jersey. 
Everything in the way of small fruits. Cata¬ 
logue free. Mr. J. T. Lovett, well-known to 
our readers as an earnest worker in his special 
line of horticulture, is the proprietor. We 
advise our friends to send for this catalogue 
which will give them much trustworthy in¬ 
formation. 
Vick’s Floral Guide, to which we shall 
refer hereafter, is as usual a model of neat¬ 
ness and good tasto. It is full of fine en¬ 
gravings with a front colored plate of a group 
of Roses. It is truly a Floral Guide. Mr. 
Vick’s address, though it hardly needs to be 
given, is Rochester, N. Y. 
Francis Brill, Mattltuck, Long Island, N. 
Y. Market Gardeners’ Price List of Cabbage 
Seed, Illustrated. This old establishment has 
for many years made a specialty of growing 
cabbage seeds. Also price-list of Garden 
Seeds in general. Free. 
J B. Root & Co’s Garden Manual and Cata¬ 
logue of seeds, plants, etc., 802 Klshwaukee 
St., Rockford,Winnebago Co., III. In addition 
to the regular lists of seeds, etc. are several 
good articles upon Garden Plants, Asparagus 
for Market, &c. Free to all. 
Department of Agriculture Report for 
1878. 
Industrial |m$lfmxnk 
THE FERGUSON BUREAU CREAMERY. 
When examining the dairy apparatus ex¬ 
hibited at the recent dairy fair in New York 
our aitcntiou was attracted by a decidedly 
novel arrangement for satting milk. On close 
examination we discovered that this new ar¬ 
rangement comprised within itself every desir¬ 
able point of excellence required for the most 
successful performance of this most exacting 
work of the dairy. That the setting of milk 
for cream is the one thiug most needful for 
success in butter making, is amply proved by 
the great variety of appliances invented by 
practical dairymen for this purpose, and the 
srt 
considerable cost of some of the apparatus, In 
which much mechanical ingenuity is exhibited. 
The fact is, that a perfectly effective method 
of setting milk for cream is the great desidera¬ 
tum iu dairying. It is the most important 
part of butter making as regards quantity aud 
quality of product, and every one knows that 
profit bears an exact ratio in regard to the 
quantity aud quality of the butter. Therefore a 
perfectly well arranged system of setting milk, 
in which convenience, cleanliness and effect¬ 
iveness are all combined, is something that 
appeals directly to the favorable notice of 
batter makers. 
The apparatus above referred to is the Fer¬ 
guson Bureau Creamery made by the Ferguson 
Manufacturing Company of Burlington, Vt., 
and which is represented in the accompanying 
engraving. This is a handsome piece of furni¬ 
ture which may appropriately find a place in 
every dairy, aud will not be out of place iu 
any well appointed kitchen. Further, Its ar¬ 
rangement 1 b so perfect that where a well 
furnished dairy or kitchen canuot be afforded, 
it may be used in any place, even a cellar or 
a barn, and yet be found to offer great 
advantages and conveniences for setting milk 
under the most unfavorable circumstances. 
As may ue seen, the creamery consists of an 
upright oureau or eloaet made of odorless, 
seasoned, spruce timber. 
In the upper part is a rack which con¬ 
tains ice for cooling the milk when nec¬ 
essary, with a metal pan and escape pipes 
to lead off the water. Under the ice are spaces 
for four pans for milk. These pans are 
square in form with curved bottoms provided 
with means for drawing off the milk. Rests 
are provided upon whieh each pan may be 
drawn out (see engraving) upon its four small 
wheele, for skimming or emptying; each pan 
is intended to hold one milking and the pans 
vary in size for that purpose, Below the 
milk nans is a closet for cream and butter, 
of large capacity for storage. The construc¬ 
tion of the bureau is such as to provide every 
facility for preserving an equal temperature; 
ami for securing ample ventilation for remov¬ 
ing all the odors or moisture which arise 
from the cooling of the milk. Further, the 
light is admitted to the cream by which the 
uaaual depth of color so desirable, is main¬ 
tained. The temperature is lowered in sum¬ 
mer by the use of ice in the upper closet or 
by a stream of cold water passing through 
pipes in this closet, which are provided for 
use in case this method may be practicable. 
Ventilation is secured by means of valves at 
A. A , which can be epeaed or closed at will, 
and through which air may circulate over and 
around the ice, passing Over and around the 
milk pans and into the closets below. Gauze 
screens are also provided to replace the glass 
doors in front of the milk pans ; and to pre¬ 
vent change cf temperature during the filling 
or emptying of the pans, temporary shutters 
are provided to close the spaces which would 
otherwise remain open. 
Plan of Creamery.—Fig. 21. 
To warm the closet in the winter time a hot- 
water heater is furnished which is placed in 
the lower closet, warming the air which then 
rises through the closets above, and keeps the 
temperature even. The advantages claimed 
for the creamery are: nnifortu temperature 
within it; an increased production of butter 
on account of the perfect separation of the 
cream; a superior quality of butter by reason 
of the preservation of the cream from dust, 
odors, and other outside influences; perfect 
cleanliness and the removal of all undesirable 
odors from within; the least labor In doing 
the work; its durability; its adaptation for 
use in any room, dairy building or part of a 
house, with other useful points which are no¬ 
ticeable on eight. It is as useful in the factory 
as in the private dairy, and a public creamery 
turnished with this apparatus, would be a 
model of neatness and convenience. A plan 
of furnishing a creamery is suggested as fol¬ 
lows : The building is divided info three 
apartments, oue is supplied with four of the 
largest bureaus (a a), each holding 320 quarts 
or more of milk, as may be required; another 
has oue or two bureaus, a sink andehurns; 
Surd the other (c) is used for the receiving room 
or office. The milk and ice may be moved 
about on light truck*. The simplicity of the 
arrangement is evident. Last but not least, 
the cost of the apparatus is remarkably mod¬ 
erate, so much so that the saving alone, in a 
year, will amply repay the amount expended, 
