FEB. 44 
grafting for fljr goung. 
— — ■■ — - 
GRAFTING. 
TJNOLE MAKE. 
The members of the Horticultural Club have 
now enjoyed a long vacation from active work In 
their gardens. I do not, however, for a moment 
suppose that they have been Idle during the last 
three tuonthi. Most or them have house plants that 
have needed their dally attention, and all of them, 
I have no doubt, have been busy laying plans for 
the work they intend to do in their gardens during 
the coming summer. We may now begin t.o look 
for the coming of spring. Tb c sun is coming far¬ 
ther north with each passing day, melting the 
snow, breaking up the Ice and restoring nature to 
lire and actlvhy a, he goes along. Indeed, gentle 
spring has already come lo our southern cousins, 
and Is now sortly and stealthily creeping north¬ 
ward, passing degree after degree of latitude, and 
will, in not many weeks hence, have expanded 
over all the Northern States clear to the British 
line. But I did not mean to tell the cousins how 
the warm season advances as the sun comes north¬ 
ward, or how It all comes about that, we have these 
climatic changes, lor this they already know; hut 
I did mean to remind all the young gardeners 
that It Is now time they get ready to commence 
work out oi doors. For some of them It is high 
time. In the Gulf states vegetable and Bower 
seeds should be sown by the middle of February ; 
and from this date the seed time will vary with 
the latitude, till at lhe middle or latter part of 
May, Spring has reached the northern limit of the 
United States. 
UK A I'X) NO 
being one of the early spring operations, I Intend 
to make this the subject for a few remarks. In 
the Brat place, I want every member of the Horti¬ 
cultural Club, boys and girls, young and old, short 
and call, to learn how to grail; and i desire them, 
all to become familiar with this Idea, and to make 
an effort to learn It, It la au art tnat may 
he uselul or at least a source or pleasure to every¬ 
body. It la not the nurseryman alone who may 
prout by it. Everybody who owns or expects to 
own a piece or ground large enough to plant a 
tree upon, may llndprofit and pleasure In knowing 
how to graft. NonsiL exclusively for the boys, 
though it naturally faUs In their sphere of activi¬ 
ty ; the girls, too, may Bud it to their advantage; 
indeed, many of the oest educated and most re- 
llued ladles arc enthusiastic gardeners. 
The art of grafting Is very old. It was well 
known by the old (.reeks aud Komans, and the 
latter practiced methods that have been transmit¬ 
ted to this late day. The French are, at present, 
bast skilled in the art. There are a great many 
ways of grafting, all of which hare the same end 
In view, namely: that of uniting a twig, or small 
branch, of oue tree with t he trunk, or slock, of 
another, so that tue two shall grow together and 
form one tree. The object In graft lug Is, for the 
most part in propagate varieties which can be in¬ 
creased Uj no other way, and retain their peculiar 
Characteristics. Nature propagates trees by seed; 
but seedling trees are so very seldom exact ly like 
their parents, that we cannot perpetuate the good 
quail lies of a fruit In that way. J1 a man, for exam¬ 
ple, has one Baldwin apple tree, and he wants 
another, he will not get It ny planting the seeds 
of a Baldwin apple. The aeeila would grow up and 
form apple trees, but It Is ext remely unlikely that 
the fruit these would tear would be, lu all respects, 
like the apple from which the seeds were taken ; 
hence, to get another tree that will bear rrult, 
which shall bo like the first one, he must propa¬ 
gate It by grafting. A grafted tree WJlJ.alsO bear 
fruit at an earlier age than a seedling, which Is 
another object tu grafting. And again, by a Judi¬ 
cious choice of stock, a grafted tree may be made 
to thrive Lu climates and localities where it other¬ 
wise would be a failure. 
TUE NECESSARY TOOLS 
consist of a sharp knife, a small pruning saw,some 
broad, soft strands of bast, 
or else some strips of mus¬ 
lin, and some grafting wax. 
The wax can be bought In 
many seed stores, but if none 
can readily be obtained, a 
good gralting wax Is made 
as follows: Melt together 4 
ounces of beeswax aud 2 
ounces resin; In a separate 
pot me't i i ounces of thick 
turpentine, and stir it Into 
the wax when fluid; then 
add to it all a little tallow or 
lard, and stir w«u together 
This should, when used, be 
kept fluid, bo It can be ap¬ 
plied with a brush. Besides 
these, one must, of course, 
have the stocks, or trees to 
be grafted, and the scions, or 
young branches which are to 
be Inserted Into the stocks. 
Of the many methods of 
grafting, 1 shall name only 
a few of the most practical, 
and of these will Brat men- 
UARK-QKAl'TINO. 
It Is done In the spring, as soon as the bark on 
tlie stock is loose. The method Is Illustrated In llg. 
GO, With the saw the stock 1s cut oft from six to 
twelve Inches above ground, with a clear cut, a. 
Next au even, clear cut, from au Inch to an Inch 
aud a half In length, Is made on the scion, b, on 
which should remain only two in four buds. On a 
smooth spot or the stock, a cut Is then made down¬ 
ward through the bark, about as long as the cut 
surface on the scion, and opening the corners a 
little, the scion is pressed down between the bark 
and the wood as seen at a. A little bast is then 
wound about It to keep it In place, and the whole 
wound Is covered with grafting wax, to exclude 
the air. Should the scion be rather thick, a trans¬ 
verse cut can be made In It, forming a notch as 
shown at c.; it Is not then so easily pushed out of 
place. Bai k-graftlug is one of the best methods to 
Insure success, but, strange enough. It is so little 
known In this country that even some nurserymen 
practice the violent cleft-grafting In eases where 
the above method could he used to advantage. 
It is especially suitable for regrartlng old trees, 
and when the stock la much larger than the scion. 
BIDR-GKAFTINO 
Is another excellent method It Is shown In fig. 
51. It differs from the former in that here the 
scion la not Inserted under the bark, but Instead, 
a portion of the bark and wood Is cut away from 
the side of the stock (a, fig. 01 ), and the two cut 
surfaces of the scion and stock are fitted together. 
As shown In the figure the bark of the scion 
tits against I ho bark of T he stock on one side, and 
in this position they are tied together, and the 
wound covered with grafting wax. 
SI l> K- TO NOtTK-O RAFTING 
is still another method; see fig. 52. The stock, a. 
Is cut off smoothly, and a portion of the bark and 
wood Is shaved off as Is In side-grafting; but, In 
BARK-GKAFTINO,—FIG. 50. 
addition, a notch, c, Is made in the stock, and also 
a corresponding notch In the scion, b. so that the 
two will tit snugly together. It Is an excellent 
method, but It takes some experience to make the 
scion flt exactly. .Still another method is 
SPLICE-GRAFTING, 
illustrated in tig. 58. This Is used when the stock 
and scion are nearly ot the same size. The stock 
is cut off smoothly, b, and a similar cut is made 
on the scion, a. The two are then tied together, 
taking care that bark Bis to bark, and Bnally the 
whole Is covered with grafting wax. When fin¬ 
ished. it will appear as seen at o Bark-grafttug 
must be done out-of doors, where the slock Is 
growing, but by the three last named methods 
young stocks can be taken up and the operation 
pel formed lu the house. In this ease the stocks 
should be. taken now, before the sap begins to cir¬ 
culate, and, when grafted, set in a box where the 
roots are covered with soli till they can be planted 
In the open ground. 
I will at present mention but one more method, 
and that not for the purpose Ot commending it, 
but rather to point out Its faults. It Is cleft-grafts 
lag, which Is the method commonly resorted to by ■ 
non- professionals. 
are grafted on pear seedlings, and apples on apple 
seedlings. The scion should never have less than 
two nor more than four buds, and unless the stock 
Is very large, only one scion should be grafted on 
each. If two are inserted and both should grow, 
fifteCH-GRAFTING.—FIG. 58. 
the weaker one must be cut off in the course of 
the first, glimmer. Gralt close to the grouud and 
form the trunk of the new shoot. 
I have endeavored to be plain In this descrip¬ 
tion, and by studying the illustrations, all will, I 
trust, readily understand the different methods. 
Enterprising boys can soon become expert nur¬ 
serymen, and aside from the pleasure derived from 
the work, make a handsome salary, an example of 
which Is given In the story of the Fruit Growers 
Family, which the Kev. II. S. Club has, from time 
to time, contributed to these columns. 
1. ’Tis past, Paulina. 
2 . A small Lequah Is a squ aw. 
3. I saw Ned Esino In Essex, 
4 . This cur Is new, West-Mlns terrle Is dead: 
5. willIncol never confess? 
C. As a virgin 1, a city do dread. 
7. Terra oot.ta was the material. 
8. In Indiana Poll stands. 
9. l saw Tom Adbon at church. 
10 . Drlscol U rnblun raised the row. 
11. Provide • ■ aoc,” as ordered. 
12 . Why delay now as iltngton has gone home. 
13. Jeff red Eric lo no ono else can compare. 
14. Rich Arlotto, two no’s mean yes. 
15. Hal 1 if axioms are needed, tell me. 
16. Ico, may a guava be eaten raw. 
17. Fuss an salva do real good. 
18. To a seaman a guava Is tonic. 
19. Susan I Joseph has come. 
20. How fast do mlngo pear’s Jelly. 
21 . In sport, AUpelh ceded the bank to me. 
22 . Oh, Ava, nabobs are scarce. 
23. Spanish tow never burns. 
ss^Answer in two weeks. Little One. 
TRANSPOSITION. 
“ I twan to og mohe, si eth leeflng fo lal, 
On tamert who heyt xepcet ti— 
Eth houthgt si het mase nothug ont eth ames 
mane, 
Or teh rowds nl clilwh yeth loceth tl.” 
taz - Answer In two weeks. l. o. 
-»<» 
A DIAMOND POZZLE. 
l. In places. 2. A large body of water. 3. A 
precious gem. 4. An ancient ship. 5. In latitudes. 
Answer in two weeks. Nell. 
- !♦> 
HALF SQUARE, 
Resembling oracles. A detached work in fortlfl- 
cation. Asserted. The goddess of corn and till¬ 
age. Mexican gum-trees. A cover. An article. 
A consonant. 
Answer in two weeks. Uncle Will. 
SIDE-GRAFTING.—FIG. 61. 
The stock Is out off as in the other cases, but 
Instead of setting the scion under the bark or on 
the side, the trunk Is spilt through the middle and 
the scion Inserted In the cleft or opening thus 
formed, taking care that bark (Its to baric. The 
objection Is that the operation Is loo violent and 
necessarily weakens the vitality oi the tree. In 
every case, It. takes a longer time to heal the wound 
than by any of the former methods, and sometimes 
the gaping, decaying stump of the trunk may be 
visible for years before the. new growth covers It 
up. Do not be misled into grafting your trees in 
this way, because 11 Is common to do so; not every 
practice In common u-e Is the best that can be 
devised. 
Now a word In regard to getting the stocks. 
These are seedling trees which nurserymen raise 
tor the purpose, and those of the membere who 
live neat' a nursery can readily got some. Chance 
seedlings also spring up In every orchard, these 
will be of value to practice upon. In fact, every 
one can And stocks lu some way, especially by 
engaging an elder bro .her or friend to help. The 
scions should be taken from last year’s growth of 
some good varieties of apples aud pears. Pears 
PUZZLER ANSWERS.-Jan, 31. 
Hidden Men of Professions,— 1. Dentist; 2. Law¬ 
yer ; 3. Doctor; 4. Physician; 5. Legislator; 6. Student; 
7. Teacher; 8. Tutor;9. Historian ; 10. Botanist; 11. Ge¬ 
ologist; 12. Actor; 13. Juror; 14. Broker; 15. Gram¬ 
marian; 16. Musician; 17. Umpire; 18. Attorney; 19. 
BibliriKruiiher; 20. Surveyor; 21. Minister; 22. Treas¬ 
urer; 23. Clergyman ; 34. Editor; 25. Journalist. 
TitANurosrnuN .— 
Out in the soft, v>aie moonlight, out in the summer air, 
What a tide of loving memories rushes sadly o’er me 
thore. 
Of a young and lightsome figure, of a clear aud Bunny 
Wow; 
A smile like the light of morning- it huunts me even 
now. 
Of a happy, happy clay dream, of a luture which was 
to be; 
But the joy; of the mystic future none but Heaven can 
see; 
For the cup from my trembling lips was wrenched. 
And hoi>os last tuckering ray was uuenched. 
Hidden Animals.—1. Donkey; 2. Puppy; 3. Giraffe; 
4, Hog; 6. Ox. 
Drop Letter.— The sacrifices of God are a broken 
spirit; a broken aud contrite heart O, God, thou wilt 
not despise. 
Diamond Puzzle:— 
A 
I 8 
S 
I 
8 8 
aWratj] Hratring. 
BEARING THE CROSS. 
BY PATIENCE CRENSHAW. 
Sufferer divine! Thou who didst go 
With toiliug footsteps, sad and slow, 
Bowed down beneath such weight of woe 
As only thou caust ever know, 
What debt of lovo I owe to thee 
That thou the cross didst boar for me ! 
The pain,the shame, the grief, were thine, 
The pardon and the peace are mine; 
Springs in my heart thy life divine, 
And opening heavens above me shine. 
While all my powers sing praise to thee 
That then the cross hast borne for me. 
And thou dost call me to the cross, 
And for its sake ail else but loss 
Must I esteem. Earth’s gold Is dross, 
Her favor vain, her fame a gloss; 
How can they tempt mo from the place 
Where I may look upon thy face! 
In lowly fellowship with tUeo 
Let me a burden-bearer be. 
And for life's painful mystery 
Teach me thy loving sympathy; 
That so my cross I too may bear, 
And so thy cup ot' sorrow share. 
-+ ♦- 
JOHN THE BAPTIST AND JESUS CHRI8T. 
John the Baptist aud Jesus the Christ, in their 
relations to one another, are the symbols ol' great 
and eternal racts lu religious truth and experience 
These two figures and these two lives pass before 
us like a beautiful and instructive allegory. On 
the one hand, we see starting up lu the wilderness 
a wild, rude form, wrapped in a coarse blanket, 
with a countenance oxprosslvo of spiritual sadness 
and wearing the traces of ascetic habit. The des¬ 
ert resounds with ills stern accents, and all hearts 
fall under Ills searching and unsparing exposure 
ot their sin. Is not this the immemorial type of 
Law, and of the Repentance with which It Is com¬ 
missioned to work In awakened consciences 7 
And now this other figure, which comes treading 
In the footsteps of the desert preacher, on his 
face Is a most wlnulng light, ills voice Is sweet 
and low, his food and dress are those ot other men 
his way is among their homes nnd huunts; be 
gives bis sanction to social and domestic life; he 
la the healer ot the blind, the leprous and the de- 
moifiac; on his lips Is the word of pardon and 
peace, he comes to seek ana to save that which 
was lost. Uo Is more than the type, he Is the In¬ 
carnate realization, of the Gospel. He represents 
Faith and Forgiveness, those elements of religious 
truth and experience which are to the former as 
the time of the tender grape and the voice of the 
turtledove, the appearing of Bowers and tliegreeu 
fig, the time of the singing of birds, la to the win¬ 
ter when It. Is past and the rain When it Is over 
and gone. For It Is the voice of our Beloved, who 
has come over the mountains of our siu, and 
standing by the wall of our earthly homes shows 
himself through the lattice of our dally lives.— 
Christian JulelUr/encer. 
• ■» ♦ » ■ ■■ 
ASKING TO GO HOME. 
The Springfield sabbath Republican has a pretty 
story of two little children who went alone on a 
recent Sunday to church, when a minister from 
out of town preached. They took a seat near the 
front, and after the minister had got well Into his 
sermon the smallest child whispered to bis sister 
that he would like to go home. People who sat 
behind them heard the little girl tell him that he 
must not go without asking the minister's per¬ 
mission ; so hand In hand they left their seat, and 
standing before the clorgymun, the little cliap 
fispud out IBs petition. The minister was natur¬ 
ally surprised, but. without Interrupting nis dis¬ 
course nodded his assent. That did not satlsry 
the children, and again the boy asked permission 
to go, and woh answered by another nod. The 
little girl, fearing the minister had not understood 
her brother, said, " Please, sir, may brother and 
I go home?’’ The minister stopped and verbally 
granted their request, and, with a sweet “ thank 
you, sir,” and a courtesy, the children went down 
the aisle together. 
-♦ ♦♦- 
In order to grow In grace, we must ho much 
alone. It is not in society—oven Christian socie¬ 
ty—that the soul grows most vigorously. In one 
single quiet hour of prayer it will olten make more 
progress than tn days of company with others. It 
is in the desert that the dew falls freshest and the 
air Is purest.—//, lionar. 
-♦-*-*- 
If Christians must contend, let it be like the 
olive and the vine, which shall hear the most and 
best rrult; not, like the aspen and the elm, which 
shall make the most noise In the 'wind—Jeremy 
Taylor. 
-*-*-♦- 
Prayer In the morning Is the key that opens to 
us God’s mercies and blessings. Prayer In the 
evening Is the key that, shuts us up under Ills 
protection and safeguard.— itutherforu 
-- 
He who makes the fullest use of God’s gifts Is 
their real owner, for property does not become 
possession until the proprietor becomes the mas¬ 
ter.—/?. S. Times. 
Good men have the fewest fears. He has but 
one who fears to do wrong. He has a thousand 
who has overcome that one. 
-♦ -—• 
The best of all prayers, Is to act with a pure in¬ 
tention, and with a continual reference to the will 
of God .—Fenelon. 
