436 
FES. 28 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
by making him to lead, to back up, and stand 
around at the word. When this is done and 
followed up there will scarcely ever be anv 
danger from balls, provided certain other 
equally sensible rules shall be followed. 
The young bull should never be fondled or 
handled about the head, as it gels him in the 
habit of tossing the head, which is a dangerous 
practice when he gets older aud bis horns are 
grown out. Familiarity breeds contempt— 
with a bull wondrous!y soon. He does not ap¬ 
preciate petting, but must always be made to 
step aside for his master, and this habit must 
be taught him wheu a calf. When he grows 
up to feel bis strength, if the attempt is made 
he will naturally rebel and assert mastership. 
When bulls do this and stand and paw the 
ground aud roar, with their heads down, they 
are dangerous. Any person is foolhardy who 
will approach them in front or without a stout 
club in hand. Such animals should becoufined 
and led with a staff. High feeding always 
tends to make a bull sportive, if not ugly. A 
sportive bull is dangerous, as it is so natural 
for him when inclined to play to throw his 
head around and strike with his horns. 
An ugly bull, if required for service, should be 
fed light—only enough to keep him thrifty, and 
when designed for fattening he should be tied 
fast with a slipping noose. Every bull should 
bo separated from the cow the instant copula¬ 
tion has taken place, and it is always danger¬ 
ous to drive them away at any other time when 
a cow is in heat. A bull should be treated 
kiudly by bis master or he will learn to hate 
him, and in an unguarded moment the beast 
will take his revenge. A bull will remember a 
wrong and is at all times treacherous. He 
should be so handled that he is not made ner¬ 
vous or excited at the approach of the master. 
Obedience and kindness should go together, 
and obedience must be taugbt when they are 
young. It is always best that one person 
should do everything for the bull. lie will act 
better and acquire a sort of respect for tbo one 
who tends him. \ bull is always excited by 
the presence of strangers, as he is by the sight 
of strauge bulls, which he wi'l fight to the 
death, whereas he is generally fond of a com¬ 
panion bull. Bulls have traits which must be 
understood or there W'll be trouble with them. 
We have pointed out the most important, 
and will only add that among a large number 
of bulls, Ayrshires and Jerseys and natives, 
we have never had an ugly one which was 
broken or trained when young. The rules 
which we have mentioned are also carefully 
enforced. The wiuter is a good tia.e, if it has 
not been done, to train tbe calves and get them 
used to the halter. After being tied up a few 
days, with a halter placed on the head, not ou 
the ueck, they will soon learu to lead, after 
which they should be drilled in backing up aud 
standing around. This last lesson gives them 
the idea of getliDg out of the way, aud lessens 
the danger of their pitching at persons after¬ 
wards and goring them. The halier should be 
put behind the ears, so it will not touch the 
eyes. 
IJlmUaittQus. 
NOTES FROM MEADOW GLEN FARM. 
Wheat Account for 1S79. 
gether. By the way, our grandfather always 
said that bull calves never wintered as well as 
heifers, bnt this was our youngest calf. 
Mating Fowls for Exhibition. 
In the soring of 1878 we obtained a trio of 
Silver Gray Dorkings of a well-known farmer 
in this county. In the fall of the same year 
we exhibited them at the county fair, and, as 
we expected, he also had several trios there ; 
but tbe judges awarded ours the first prize. 
Had his been properly mated, it might have 
been otherwise. The fault was, his cock had a 
double comb and the hens single ones. Now 
the standard allows both, but requires them to 
be mated in a show-pen. This shows that an 
exhibitor of poulty must be thoroughly posted 
on the points required by the standard. 
Market Lamb*. 
It is generally supposed that it requires a 
lamb four mouths to arrive at that condition 
that butchers call ripeness. Our single lambs 
were fat at the age of two and a half and three 
months, and our twins when four months old. 
Last spring a lamb born April 15, weighed 59 
pounds in the month of June. Its dam was a 
two-years-old, its sire a South Down lamb An¬ 
other born April 14, and sold to butcherB the 
second of July, weighed 70 pounds. Auother 
ewe three-years-old raised twin back lambs, 
which, when three and a half mouths old, 
weighed 86 pounds each. Our lambs received 
no extra care, were all sold when less than five 
months old, and the butchers said their custo¬ 
mers complained that they were too fat. 
Winter Management of Sheep. 
To have success in sheep keeping a man 
must first have some fancy for the business. 
Supposing them to have had good care through 
the summer and fall, the change from green to 
dry feed should be as giadual as possible. 
They should be yarded at night as soou as frost 
conies, and have hay in their racks; the lambs 
and older ones should be fed a little grain. It is 
necessary to look after their wants aDd supply 
them before tbe Bheeo suffer or run down. One 
should anticipate or foresee what they will need, 
before actual necessity opens his eyes to the 
matter. The flock should be divided so the 
weak and strong are not together; then they 
can be fed as each daBs requires. Wc think 
early cut aud well cured clover hay the best 
single feed. We change, however, from hay to 
straw aDd stalks, but do not confine them 
long to the latter. We give corn and oats for 
grain. We prefer to have them in close stablei 
instead of open sheds, that they may be kept 
confined, but the stables should be w'dl venti¬ 
lated and the sheep should be allowed ty>ruu 
iD yards daily in pleasant weather for exercise. 
We a'6o feed them in the yard in dry weather. 
Some object to keeping them In yards, bnt we 
never have deformed Jambs, and raise 150 per 
cent of lambs from tne number of sheep kept, 
by always confining them in yards in winter. 
Salt is very necessary for sheep ; they should 
have free access to it, and it should he kept so 
as not to get mixed with snow. We mix a 
little sulphur, which tends to keep the ticks 
away. We also add a little oil-meal, which is 
a preventive of stretcher; lastly, there is no 
room for argument, but sheep require water 
in winter; snow is a poor substitute. 
Saratoga Co., N. Y. Abel Hoyt & Son. 
WHAT OTHERS SAY. 
Dn. 
Plowing two days. . 
Harrowing. 
Handling manure. 
Guano. 
1 ’ruliug. 
Harvesting. 
Mnratslimg..... 
Seed. 
Interest on land @$100 per acre 
$6.00 
3.00 
2.U0 
5.72 
1.50 
6.00 
3.50 
8.00 
1200 
$49.72 
i^ifty one bushels wheat. $76.50 
Straw (estimated). *>.50 
Expense account. 49.72 
Net pro titB . 30.28 
This from two acres ot laud, the soil a clay 
loam mixed with slate. Yard manure was ap¬ 
plied at the rate of ten loads per acre and har¬ 
rowed in. I have not cb&tged this in account, 
thinking the laud was left enough better to 
pay for it. The wheat was plump and nice, 
of the Diehl variety, and makes nice flour. 
Cows and Culve*. 
We have a favorite Ayrshire heifer with her 
young call, both doing fluely. We keep them 
in a box stall, usiog care not to expotse them 
to wind, or give them eold water. A neighbor 
lost a fine cow by imprudently giving it a pail 
of cold water soon after calving. Our calf is 
as fine a one as we could wish—a cross between 
Jersey aud Ayrshire. We think this the best 
cross for practical purposes, the Ayrshire sup¬ 
plying quantity and the Jersey quality of milk. 
Calve* In Winter, 
A fine Jersey bull-calf was not doing as well 
as his companions, so we thought beBt to put 
him alone aud increase hia feed by giving a 
pint more lhau his usual mess of eal, at first 
not increasing it loo laai lor fear of scoui s. 
But finding no haiw done, we increased up to 
three quarts per day, which is enough for a 
calf. The meal was corn and oats ground to¬ 
Newsfaper Subscription Prices—A Gen¬ 
eral Advance Impending. —It is rather iate 
to talk of advancing the subscription price of 
papers when two-thirds of the subscriptions 
are already received for 1880, speaking at least 
for agricultural papers. We take the follow¬ 
ing from the Journal of Commerce: ‘‘If the 
market value of raw materials continues to 
advance, every American newspaper which 
has reduced its subscription price will 
sooner or later be obliged to raise it. 
The alternative will be a loss to the pub¬ 
lisher on every copy printed. The news¬ 
papers were tbe pioneers in the cheap era 
now closed. They led the way in reductions 
and made far greater sacrifices than any of the. 
classes of business that followed them. In 
other lines of manufacture and trade the low¬ 
ering of price — where any occurred—was 
gradual and went no further than the necessity 
of the situation seemed to require from day to 
day. But the newspapers struck from 20 to 
25 per cent, off their subscription rates at a 
blow. The concession was too early and too 
liberal. It was based on expectations that 
have not been realized. Though newspapers 
were the first things cheapened, they are the 
last to go up to their point of true value. The 
cost, of printing paper and of everything that 
enters into the production of a journal has 
largely advanced. The reaction in prices ex¬ 
tends to every other article of use and luxury. 
Tbe inevitable expense of doing business and 
of living have greatly increased. Tbe only thing 
that can now be bought at last year’s price is 
the newspaper. It is impossible that this 
should long rt main the Bole exception to the 
rule of universal appreciation. The Chicago 
papers are the first todowhat cannot be longer 
avoided. The Times of that city has boldly 
marked itself up to $16 a year including its 
Sunday edition, and six cents a single copy. 
This advance is fully warranted by tbe in¬ 
creased cost of the paper it uses—stated at 50 
per eent-—and the other increased expenses of 
Its production. The St. Louis papers are fol¬ 
lowing suit. No journal can be expected to 
run it6elf at a loss on every sheet issued, and no 
subscriber who is partaking of the general im¬ 
provement of prices in his own business will 
grudge the same chance of living to the news¬ 
paper press. It is the newspaper’s turn that 
iB all. 
Polled Cattle. —Of the polled (hornless) 
breeds of cattle of Great Britain, the Black 
Scotch for beef alone takes precedence, while 
the Red Norfolk and Suffolk of England are 
preferred for a combination of beef and milk. 
Mr. A. B. Allen, in the N. Y. Tribune, says that 
tbe cows of this latter breed generally excel in 
the dairy, and when dried off fatten kindly and 
make excellent beef. During the past thirty 
years moderate importations of Black Scotch 
have been made into Canada, ’Northern New 
York aud Michigau, and some half a dozen or 
so of the Red Norfolk, about five years since, 
into Putnam County, N. Y. All these have 
done well and are much liked. Some Scotch 
Black Polled bulls were taken on to tbe West¬ 
ern plains six years ago, and bred to the wild 
long-horned Texan cows. A large majority 
of the calves dropped from this cross were 
black and grew up polled, or with mere stubs 
of horns, and were a great improvement over 
their dams. Some of these steers begin to ap¬ 
pear in our markets and are much liked, es¬ 
pecially for shipping across the Atlantic, they 
can be transported so much more safely aDd 
cheaply. Their hides suffer no injury by being 
gored by their fellows; they arrive at their port 
of destination in superior condition, and are 
consequently of quicker sale and at higher 
prices.___ 
“There is every reason to believe,” says the 
Valley Farmer, “ that next year’s wheat crop 
will be the largest ever raised since the crea¬ 
tion of the world.” This ia a startling way of 
puttimr it, but the probabilities so indicate. 
cuts of a branch of the Stump Apple, showing 
the remarkably productive quality of the tree 
and of the Souvenir du Congres Pear, are 
among tbe more notable illustrations of this 
valuable work. Everyone of our readers in¬ 
terested in fruit should Bend for it. The 
Hints on Transplanting are full, practical and 
trustworthy.—Also descriptive priced-list of 
Strawberries. 
E. A. Reeves, 68 Cortlandt St., N. Y. Il¬ 
lustrated Descriptive Catalogue of vegetable ( 
field, fruit, herb, shrub seeds, etc., etc. Sent 
free to applicants. We see among particular¬ 
ized peeds the new Kinver Yellow Globe Man¬ 
gel, Hungarian Millet, Spring wheats, Spring 
rye, etc. 
Crossman Bro’b, 300 Monroe Ave., Roches¬ 
ter, N. Y. Wholesale Price-list of garden, 
agricultural, grass and herb seeds. They call 
special attention to their onion seeds and to a 
new lettuce, the Eureka, which they now offer 
for the first, entirely different from other 
sorts. 
The Cotton Worm, Bulletin No. 3, of the 
U. S. Entomological Commiss.; by Prof. C- V. 
Riley, containing a summary of the natural 
history of the cotton worm, with an account 
of its enemies and the best means of control- 
ing it. 
W. H. .Reid, Rochester, N. Y. “Key to 
Success in the Garden," and Annual Catalogue. 
A very neat and finely illustrated little work 
that every lover of the flower or vegetable 
garden will prize. 
L. W. Godell, Amherst, Mass. Illustrated 
Catalogue of seeds, bulbs and plants. Mr. 
Godell makes a specialty of flower and other 
seeds in collections, at very low prices. Cata¬ 
logue free. 
Vanderbilt Bro’s, 23 Fulton St., New York. 
Catalogue of Farm and Garden Implements- 
garden, field, flower, fruit aud tree seeds, etc. 
Illustrated; especially the implement depart¬ 
ment. Free. 
CATALOGUES, ETC., RECEIVED. 
Note— Readers are referred to our adver¬ 
tising columns for any particulars omitted in 
the following necessarily brief notices: 
R. H. Allen & Co., 189 & 191 Water St., 
New York. A handsome catalogue, and one 
of New York’s old, responsible firms. We 
here find offered several varieties of seed 
about which we have received many inquiries 
of late. We are glad to find our own report 
of Doura so well corroborated, as shown in the 
following extract from this catalogue: Judg- 
ing from oar experience with this plant tbe 
paM two seasons, and from reports of the ex¬ 
perience of others, we believe this to be the 
most valuable of all the fodder plants recently 
brought to our notice. It is similar to Broom 
Corn in its growth, having, however, a very 
compact, upright head. ... It grows 
eight to twelve feet high, is very leafy, 6uckers 
freely, and, as it may be cut several times dur¬ 
ing the growing season, is one of the best for¬ 
age crops both for green and dry fodder. 
When cut for drying, the crop may be treated 
precisely like corn sowed for fodder. Owing 
to partial failure of our crop, we can only 
offer the Beed by the packet.” . . Let us 
here repeat that our plants, of which we spoke 
so highly, were raised from Beeds eent to us 
by this firm. We desire to make this plain 
to our readets for the reason that some kinds 
of Sorghum, called Doura, develop but one 
stalk to the Beed aud are of no special value as 
fodder plants. It may be that a second sea¬ 
son’s trial of this would not confirm our high 
opiuton as derived from last season s test. Thus 
judged, however, and the farmers of our 
neighborhood will confirm the statement, we 
have never before seen so large an amount of 
leaves and stalks produced from a given area. 
The second growth of this Doura was taller 
when our first frost occurred, than the Pearl 
Millet growing in an adjacent plot which had 
not been cut at all. We respectfully ask that 
those of our friends who plant thi» seed, will 
report their success or failure to this journal. 
We are very earnest in desiring to make its 
supposed value for this climate known, and 
would gladly purchase 100 bushels of the seed 
for free distribution, if, through our corres¬ 
pondents, we should be able to procure so 
large a quantity Our Doura would have 
ripened a small quantity of Beed but for the 
sparrows. But we incline to the belief that our 
seasons are generally too short for seed to ma¬ 
ture in this particular variety, The drooping 
Sorghums mature seed fully. To return to 
the Catalogue, which is sent free to applicants 
we find among other notable seeds, Webb’s 
Kinver Yellow Globe Mangel, Cow Peas, the 
Telegraph Pea, etc. 
Ellis Bro’s, Keene, N. H. Illustrated and 
Descriptive Catalogue of greenhouse and bed¬ 
ding plants. Also send several circulars—all 
worthy of examination. Free. 
Barr & Sugden. 12 King St., Covent Gar¬ 
den, London, W. C., England. Descriptive 
catalogue for the flower and kitchen garden— 
Gladioli, Lilies, Iris, etc. 
Lawson Seed & Nursery Co., Edinburgh, 
Scotland, and London. England. Everything 
for the garden, farm and nursery. 
B. 8. Williams, Upper Holloway, London,N, 
England. Flower, Vegetable, Agricultural 
Seeds. 
jkiratiic aiti) Useful. 
CONNECTICUT AGRICULTURAL EXPERI¬ 
MENT STATION. 
bulletin 36.—Feb. 7,1880. (Abbreviated.) 
Shell Marl. 
324. Received from Mr. Nathan Hart, West 
Cornwall, Oct. 22d. 
Moisture . 23.72 
Silica, sand and insoluble matter. 16.88 
Oxide of iron and alumina. 1.55 
Lime. 27.99 
Potash. trace 
Sulphuric acid,. .46 
Phosphoric acid, . .. trace. 
Carbonic acid,....—.,... 21.77 
Organic matter* by difference. 6.87 
100.00 
•Containing organic nitrogen. 0.44 
There eau be bo doubt that its employment, 
in llbefal quantities, viz: one or more tons 
per acre, especially upon grass lands, would 
often be attended with decided and long-con¬ 
tinued benefit, but, in most cases, its action 
upon grain crops would not appear at once in 
so decided a manner as is very commonly the 
case with good superphosphates or guanos. 
The fertilizing effects of this shell marl as 
well as its commercial value may be safely 
measured by the percentage of lime which it 
contains. Its effects on crops would be in 
general quite similar to those of oyster shell 
lime although somewhat less pronounced since 
carbonate is a less energetic Agent than hydrate 
of lime. Its content of lime, 28 per cent., Is 
less than one-half as much as that of the three 
samples of slaked unscreened oyster-shell lime 
described in the analyses on next page, whose 
average is 59 per cent. As 1,000 pounds of the 
latter cost at New Haven, shipped in casks, 
$3.20. it is evident that the proposed price of 
the marl, $15 per ton, is much too large, even 
after making the most liberal allowance for 
cost of handling. 
Oyster Shell Lime. 
Ellwanoeb & Barry, Rochester, N. Y. 
Descriptive Catalogue (No. 1) of Fruits. A 
colored plate of the Waterloo Beach; wood¬ 
The three accompanying analyses exhibit 
the composition of samples of oyBter shell 
limn and screenings made by H. A. Barnes & 
