Vol. XXXIX. No 
Whole No. 1572 
Price Five Cents. 
*2.00 Pee Year. 
[Entered according to Act of Confess, tn the 
yearly, by the Rural Now-Yo^tn the office of the Librarian of Congress nt Wtohlnyton.] 
back all caues to six inches from the ground 
so soon as plauted. By repeated trials it has 
been fonnd that the best distauees to plant are 
as follows; in garden culture, four feet apart 
each way for the upright-growing sorts; and 
the (Japs in rows five feet apart, with theplunts 
three feet apart in the rows. In field culture, 
plant the former in rows six inches apart, with 
the plants three feet distant; und the latter 
seven feet apart and the plants two and a half 
feet distant. 
Cultivation and Pruning. ' 
All the culture that is necessary is to keep 
the surface mellow and free from weeds 
throughout the season (which may ho done by 
cultivator or hoe), treating ail suckers as so 
many worthless weeds, except three or four 
to each hill, or a single row for fruiting canes. 
Cultivate on the surface only after the first 
year or near the rows, for if the soil is stirred 
to any considerable depth the roots will be 
broken, causing great numbers of suckers to 
be produced, much to the detriment of the 
yield, size and quality of the fruit. A good 
mulching (one to two Inches in depth) placed 
about each hill or along the rows, in spring is 
very beneficial, serving the double purpose of 
down - grass und weeds and keeping 
the ground cool and moist, thereby enhancing 
the size and quality of the berries and prolong¬ 
ing the season of fruitiou. This mulch may be 
salt-meadow hay, straw, corn-stalks, shavings 
pine-needles, saw-dust, tan-bark, coal ashes! 
or even stones, and these are of value la the 
order named. 
It used to be thought that Raspberries could 
ing—spring or fall; and it is a point that In all 
probability never will be settled, as neither is 
better for all soils and circumstances. No one 
need fail, however, in planting at either season 
When planting in the autumn a small mound 
of earth or a Bhovelful of compost should be 
placed around each plant (if earth is used, 
rake it to a level in early spring), while if the 
planting is to be done in spring It should be 
doue. very early—as early as the season will 
admit. The Raspberi y is one of Lbe first plants 
to commence growth in spring, and many 
checkmate success at the outset by deferring 
the planting until the buds at the roots, which 
me to form the caues for the first crop of 
fiuit, develop Into little crisp shoots and are 
mutilated, if cot broken entirely oil, while 
being placed in the ground. Contrary to what 
cause it to throw out side shoots, which, wheu 
they have grown from a foot to eighteen inches 
in length, should be treated in the same way. 
Then by fall a strong,stocky bush will Lave been 
formed so stout and rugged that no support or 
protection will be necessary, and the crop of 
fruit the following year will be enormous, both 
In size and quality. To grow in the hush form 
needs watchfulness, but the labor required is 
far less than for staking, to say nothing of the 
cost of stakes, while the results arc greatly in 
favor of plants grown in this way. The trouble 
and expense of covering for winter arc also 
avoided, as plants grown in this manuer ma¬ 
ture their wood much bettor and are reudeved 
so hardy as not to need protection, unless they 
are foreign varieties. After the fruiting sea¬ 
son remove the old wood, and in the autumn, 
should the jouug canes have been neglected' 
cut them back one-third of their length, prun- 
mg the strong-growing varieties even more 
severely, never allowing the canes to stand 
more than five feet after pruning, under any 
circumstances. 
Winter Protection. 
Many fail to prune their plants iuto bush 
form and to give winter protection. But 
protection especially to the foreign varie- 
ties, well repays for the trouble of the oper¬ 
ation. Winter protection Is given in the fol¬ 
lowing manner :-At the approach of cold 
weather, commence by placing a shovelful of 
earth at the base of each hill, over which to 
bend the canes and thereby prevent their 
bieakiog. Two hills should be bent towards 
each other that both may be covered at one 
operation. If simply held down 
by atones, bricks or pieces of wood, 
they will be safe from harm by 
freezing; but a covering of one or 
two inches of earth is still an Im¬ 
provement. Evergreen boughs 
make the best of all coverings, and 
when the plantation is not large, 
and these can be readily had, they 
should be used. Corn-stalks are 
good also. In the spring, as soon 
as the ground has become settled 
the covering should be iemo,'ed, 
the canes raised to an upright posi¬ 
tion and fastened to stout stakes, 
one of which, four to five feet in 
length, has been driven into the 
ground at every hill. The Cap va¬ 
rieties need no protection, but.they 
should be pruned and staked if not 
grown in the bush form. 
It is best always to plant some¬ 
thing pf an assortment, so as to 
extend the season of frnit. The 
Ust of varieties offered by nursery¬ 
men is so long that any attempt 
ut pointing out the merits and de- 
k feets of aU, could not result other¬ 
wise than in bewildering many. 
We Will, therefore, confine our re¬ 
marks to those which wo have 
found to be especially 
THE RASPBERRY, 
THE SOIL—ITS CULTUHE-PROTEC 
TION, 
Be*I of the Red*. Bent •!’ I lie Cap*. Foreign 
Varieties, 
NOTES FROM THE RURAL GROUNDS. 
Were it generally known that a supply of 
Rhiu delicious substantial and health-imparting 
'iniltjuay be had for a month to six weeks with 
ilesBfjuoor and expeuse than are necessary to 
produfic.ii supply of peas for the same length 
,of time, it seems to us there would not be such 
a dearth of this fruit upon the family hoard of 
■ those livlngiu the country during the sultry 
. days of July und August. Hence the object of 
ttlicse notes is to give a few timely directions 
regarding the simple culture this fruit requires 
to yield an abundance. 
The Soil nnd it* I'repnrntlon. 
Many are deterred from planting, thinking 
they have not the proper soil lor Raspberries. 
While a deep, mulufc, cool soil Is host (except 
for the Cap varieties, when a sandy loam or 
eveu quite light soil is preferable), yet they 
will quickly adapt themselves to almost any 
soil or situation. In brief, any land that will 
grow good corn or potatoes, will also grow 
Raspberries. They can also he plauted be¬ 
tween the rows of fruit trees, where but few 
plants will succeed, und they will 
be benefited by the shade, provid¬ 
ing it Is not dense. In preparing 
the soil, as It Is to be cultivated on 
the surface only for years to come, 
It is obvious that it should be done 
thoroughly. In this connection it 
may be well to state that a failure 
to comply with this requirement is 
a very general cause of but partial 
sueccsB, and, in bodic cases, no suc¬ 
cess at all. If the planting is to be 
doue In the fall, the work shouki 
be commenced during the summer; 
If in the spring, in the autumn, by 
first applying a dressing of well- 
■rotted manure over the entire bui- 
fuco, (two inches in depth are none 
too much) ora liberal coat of wood- 
ashes, ground bone or muck; the 
last, if used, being first well sweet¬ 
ened by lime or the action of the 
The ground should then i 
muke the plants go ahead after they have 
come‘'started" than before. It may bo l 
weather. 
he thoroughly pulverized to a depth 
ol at least fifteen inches, with spade 
or plow, Incorporating the fertili¬ 
zers used with the soil, If to be 
dono by plow, do bo by plowlug as 
deeply as possible, following hi the 
furrow with a subsoil plow iu like 
manner. Level the ground by bar- L 
rowing uud then repeat the opera- % y 
Hon by going iu the opposite direc- £ X 
tion. This will not only produce a f 
fine mellow surfuce but a loose sub- //-^ Jj 
soil aleo, Into which the roots will U /-^IA 
extend—thereby securing moisture, l ( r ^ 
especially during the parching 
weather of mid-summer, at which 
time the plants need moisture most, >} \j\ 
in order to perfect the crop. Nearly >\ ■ / 
the same good results may be at- Vf 
tuiued by preparing the soil the \j 
spring of planting, if the work Is 
done early and thoroughly. The 
only real advantage of commencing 
the preparation of the soil so far in 
advance of planting, is that during 
the interval the fertilizers used become the 
more thoroughly incorporated with the soil. 
Flantlug, 
From time Immemorial it has been a matter 
of dispute which is the bettor season for olant- 
THE GREGG RASPBERRY 
than the plants stood before dlggiug, which be g 
will readily be seen by the appearance of the as i 
canes (ibis applies to all sorts, whether Cap or the 
upright-growing varieties), pressing the earth four 
firmly about the plants with the fe*t. Cut ety) 
