THE BUBAL NEW-YORKER 
MARCH 43 
Lave gone. Although it has now fruited North, an 
South, East and West and on various kinds of ru 
soils, it has, as recently stated in the Rural, te 
yet to develop a weakness, yet to make an In 
enemy. We have, however, spoken of this so a 
fully in former numbers (it being part of our st 
free plant and seed distribution) we refrain lo 
from further remarks concerning it. 
Brandywine ok Susqukoo As tv berry for II 
market, this stands nexi in point of profit. It fti 
is of good size. very firm, of bright, handsome c< 
color and very hardy. Its demerits arc that c< 
It Is nol so prolific as desirable; the caucs arc ci 
of rather feeble growth (except on unusually it 
rich soil) and its Inferior quality, Tt is very y 
dry and might be said to he almost without si 
flavor. It should not be planted for one s own n 
use, at any rate. l ' 
The Turner, called Southern Thornless c 
by some, is an exceedingly valuable variety, j 
especially for home use or uear-by market. It 
is as hardy as an Oak, and while of but moder¬ 
ate size, yet it is of a bright, attractive color, b 
and one of the sweetest and most luscious v 
raspberries in existence. It is among the first l 
to ripen ; the caues are of strong growth and 
excessively productive. Beiug rather soft, H h 
should not be planted by those who have no 
market except at a distance. H suckers the i 
most profusely of any of the American sorts, i 
and must be watched aud the suckers kept < 
down, else little besides plants will he the < 
result. 
Highland Hardy is another early Bort. re- i 
Bcrnbllng the Turner somewhat in appearance 
and consistency of fruit, but far inferior lo it 
In quality. Canes hardy In all Northern sec¬ 
tions, of strong growth, decidedly productive, 
and like the Turner, they are produced in 
great numbers. We say Northern sections, 
from tbo fact that we find it does not succeed 
much south of the isothermal line of New York 
city, the sun apparently affecting its vitality to 
the extent of rendering it unable lo endure the 
winter. In some sections, where good markets 
arc near at hand, it has proven highly profit¬ 
able owing to its early ripening and large 
yield It is asserted by somo that this is the 
old Kirtland recently brought forward under 
li new name. 
PHrLADELrniA. — Many of our readers 
can no doubt, remember when this wa9 
almost the only Red Raspberry cultivated. 
] u reality, this venerable variety has done 
almost as much to popularize raspberry 
culture in America as has the Wilson, the 
Strawberry; or the Concord, the drape. It 
is so well known and so rapidly becoming 
a thing of the past that wo deem any descrip¬ 
tion unnecessary. It seems to have deterior¬ 
ated—either from defective culture or natural 
inclination, and Is uot what it was in former 
years We wish to say little against this old 
pioneer, however, as we all owe much to It. 
While the Philadelphia may pass avvl W in 
name, it will notin reality -at least the race 
will not—tor H has left many worthy children. 
Among these may be mentioned the Reliance. 
Early Prolific, etc. The Montclair, too, refer¬ 
ence to which h is been lindelu these columns, 
from all appearances Is an offspring o f the 
Philadelphia, and so far a* can be judged at 
present, of greater value than its supposed 
parent In its palmiest day. 
Foreign Vui leiictt oml Ibctr Seediiugs. 
As is well known, tac foreign varieties of tlie 
RasOfccrry will rarely endure Urn winters of 
America Without protection. Tula we think 
due more to H»u beat of summer than the co d 
of winter, as they seem to be picullaiiy 
affected Ly the pausing sun of oursutmnei 
months. For this reason they succeed better 
at the Nortn than at the South-W, being a | 
notorious fact that they succeed better north 
of the isothermul line of New York city than 
eouth of It. Therefore anything tlial will tend 
to keep the soil cool and moist in summer, 
Should be considered in their cultivation. In 
this connection we would name, first, selecting 
for them soil that i« naturally as cool and 
moist, without being wet, as can be had, and, 
-ccond. planting them in partial shade, as So 
orchards by tbo side of a feuee, slOR'-wall, 
grape-UcW or anything else tlial will afford 
Jhade without excluding the sun. I hey shou d 
be invariably covered iu winter and mulched In 
Hummer But we du w>t recommend this de¬ 
sirable class for planting south of New fork 
“bSsmtwk, and this no farther couth than 
Pennsylvania or Ohio. Taken all lu ujl, this 
lie perhaps the finest variety ot the class, and 
U truly hAUpcrb berry. Owing perhaps to its 
American origin (His generally considered a 
hybrid between the foreign and American 
species), it seems tattler adapted to out c - 
mate than most others, it is large, excccd- 
fnely beautiful and luscious, but it U not sulll- 
/cieaMy firm to bear transportation to distant 
market*. The canes are of strong, robust 
row, Ui fairly productive and w 11 ofum endive 
l»tltode ol New Jen*, «»- 
.protected, although, H roust be covered to in- 
»,.mn In lime of ripening it is quite 
Sure a crop. In time of ripening it is quite 
Xtt E«ANCON,A is perhaps the next best taken 
j»U in all, either lor home use or market, home 
assert that it and the Naomi are distinct va- foi 
no tics; but we have never been able to de- pr 
tect any difference, hence we speak of hut one re< 
in detail. Berries large, handsome, firm, with mi 
a rich, brisk, sub-acid flavor, and caues of cn 
strong growth, very productive, continuing l ,r 
long in beariug. f' 1 
Bbj.lb db Fontenay, alias Amazon, alias in 
Henrietta—I n some sections this is iho i™ 
finest of all raspberries. It is a decidedly un¬ 
certain variety ami we know of no way of as- so 
certaluiug whether It will succeed or not, ex- - 
cept by trying tt. Like the other foreigu sorts, 
it is confined to the North as a rule, yet a few 
years back when found growing by the way- 
side, at Edesville, Maryland, it was so mag- 
nificent that it filled the discoverer with as- B 
tonisbmentand he at ouce commenced building 
castles in Spain over it. Alas! as is too often 
the case, the castleB soon fell to the ground, 
but It has from that day lo thiB borne the ^ 
name of Amazon iu many sections, and pro- 0 
bably will lor years to come. Its berries aro w 
very large, deep-red, firm, rich and aromatic. 8 , 
Canes rather short, strong, vigorous, prolific 6 , 
and hardy for one of Its elans. It throws up tt 
suckers to such an extent that unless they are h 
kept down, it soon becomes a troublesome s 
I weed. By cutting to thu grouud all the canes p 
in spring and destroying ail the suckers, ex¬ 
cept a few to each plant for fruiting, quite a f 
crop of large, perfeet borrie* will be produced 
in autumn, especially if the grouud be rich { 
and rather moist. Owing to this propensity I 
His frequently termed a “fall bearing va- , 
riety. . . , M 
Biunckle's Orange. —This is such a pre- I 1 
carious sort that wo hesitate to enumerate it in < 
a list so select. As it is the standard of ex¬ 
cellence in point of flavor, however, we give • 
it brief mention. Berries large, orange-yellow 
and quite soft. Canes tender, but when pro¬ 
tected, very productive if the soil suits it. It I 
should he plauled for homo use only. 
Cop Varieties. 
All of these being hardy, except at the ex¬ 
treme North, while the fruit is sufficiently firm 
to hear carriage to market, wc omit any fur¬ 
ther remarks on these points. We have seen 
them growing beautifully and producing most 
bountifully <m soil so Bandy that it would not 
support grass, and, on the other hand, on 
laud of the heaviest and most compact nature; 
from which it will at once be seen they readily 
adapt themselves to soils of all kinds. How¬ 
ever, they prefer rather loose, light lfffid than I 
otherwise. Commencing with the season we 
have ... , 
Davidson’s Thornless the first to ripen of 
all the raspberries. Its berries are black, 
fully medium sized aud of good quality, its 
caues are nearly free from spines and the 
few that appear upon them, arc Hinall, m- I 
significant affairs. It i», however, quite an 
uncertain cropper, hence It l« uol so popular as 
Doolittle Black Cad, or American Im¬ 
proved —This is an early variety alRO, hut 
ripens a week to ten days after Davidson’s 
which it closely resembles lu the sizo aud 
• thupo of its berries Us flavor being that of the 
wild black raspberry. Iu former years It bus 
' been enormously productive and has been the 
most widely planted of all Ihc Cap varieties; 
hut lately it has been affected by a sort of fun¬ 
gus in many sections, greatly Impairing its 
! fruitfulness and value. Its numerous, sharp, 
^ stout thorns are au objection to it. 
Mammoth Cluster, ou Large Miami, also 
known as the McCormick, ripens quite late, is 
of very large size aud of excellent quality. 1 
1 The caues are of exceedingly strong growth 
1 and immensely prolific. Altogether, it is a 
1 superior variety and for many, many years 
1 has b cn the best of the class, cither for home 
I usc or market. It is yet, unless it he super- 
* seded by the 
Gregg. (See cut). So far as our personal 
II observations go, wo have failed to see that this 
< excels the “ old reliable" Mammoulh Cluster 
ll in size, productiveness or flavor. At the West 
'' h is maintained by the best authoritea that U 
“ docs in all three of the points named ; which 
’ we accept as correct, from the fact that Itn- 
d . mouse numbers of plants of it are being plant* 
' ed there by experienced fruit growers, it is, 
n however, jet black, having uoue of the bluish 
bloom of Ibe Mammoulh; aud ou thin account 
k presents a more attractive appearance in the 
crate and is preferable for growing for 
U market. 
, Florence la a Yellow Cap aud much the 
best one of its color that wc have yet seen. In 
size It equals the Mammoth, with which it 
* ripens; is of good quality, and of a bright al¬ 
ii tractive orange color. The euuea are of a 
strong growth and are great bearers. Ibe 
£ berries of this and the Mammoth mingled to- 
tU gether form a most appetizing picture, 
si Recapitulation. — Prepare the Boil thor- 
oughlg aud us far in advance of planting as 
u- circumstances will admit. Plant early but don t 
n- plant deep, pressing llie earth Jtrml^ou the 
itc roots. Keep the surface of the ground mellow 
und free from weeds and grass. Mulch in 
im summer, pinch buck during the growing season 
ne and keep down the suckers. As a single variety 
for planting throughout the country either for 
profit or the table, wc would name as the best 
red sort, the Cuthbert; the best black, the Mam¬ 
moth Cluster. As the <uw best Rort6 for garden 
culture we would name the Turner, (if to be 
protected In winter the Hera tine) for early, 
and the Cuthbert for main and late crop. For 
those who perfer the black sorts, wo would 
name Doolittle and Mammoth a* the two best 
for giving an abundance and a prolonged sea¬ 
son of fruit. 
Juft tops. _ 
BEETS AT THE MICHIGAN AGRICUL¬ 
TURAL COLLEGE. 
Last year a piece of laud, rather heavy, w 
gravelly loam that had produced 100 bushels 
of ears of corn per acre In 15178, was dressed 
with 40 loads of rotten manure to the acre and 
sowed to beets. Tbe ground was plowed, sub- 
soiled, harrowed till fine, and seed put in with 
a drill in rows SO Inches apart, and 148 feet 
long; land not ridged. After getting well 
started the plants were trimmed to ab*Ut 12 
inches, and well cultivated through the season. 1 
The varieties and yields per acre were as e 
follows: f ' 
Hush. I 8 
Long R**l Mangel.Vrei I v 
Long Yellow...I’{jo h 
1! aril s'» Improved YeUOW Globa.*• j 
..I 
Ttod Globe..VES . 
Yellow Intermediate...‘‘JS? I 1 
Warden's OrntiKu ..( 
Golden Tankard.I” 1 
Kcd .. 3 1 1 
HUOAB UKKTH. I | 
White Siurar.}•»!£ 
Maine Bu*iir '*£," | * 
Larni’u Improved Buxar.... 
Voimoriu'a ..f 
The roots were measured iu bushel basktts, 
well rounded up. us so much dirt adhered to t 
Borne of the varieties that they could not have I 
been weighed with any accuracy without < 
washing. Five bushels of each klud were 
burled to lest their keeping qualities. 
The one called Maine Sugar, is the variety that 
is grown lu Maine for sugar. The sugar beets 
had many long fibers or roots and grew almost 
entirely iu the ground; some of them could 
I ot he pulled with a heavy potato ho6k, and 
ad to ho dug out with aspadc. The others grew 
lostly above ground; the Globe varieties could 
o pushed over with the foot. I would esti¬ 
mate the cost of harvesting the sugar beet to 
,e at least twice that of the others. 
The Long Keil, which gave the largest yield, 
;rew long aud crooked, was brittle and broke 
asily. It probably will not be a good keeper. 
L’hc Harris's Improved wm round, smooth, a* 
iard as a ruta-baga, and of the bust quality. 
The yield, although pretty good, 1 think can 
i0 easily increased 50 per cent, on the same 
rrouud, last year being the first time thu laud 
was well manured and cultivated. 
One such trial, of course, does not determine 
the yielding qualities of these varieties; it 
jhoutd bo repeated many times and on differ 
But soils. From my previous experience in 
growing beets. I have found three things neces- 
Bary to produce large crops:—plenty of manure, 
deep and thorough cultivation, and rowing as 
soon in the spring as danger of frosts will permit. 
Lansing, Mich. F. A Gulley. 
--♦ » »--—— 
THICK SOWING OF GRASS SEEDS. 
With such small seeds us those of clover aud 
timothy grass a large proportion necessarily 
perish as they are usually sown. They arc 
thrown upon the surface without uuy covering 
except the loose dirt which rains wash over 
them.- This is ample if the rains come. 
Deeper covering would bury the seeds so that 
few would ever come up. But on an acre of 
ground, such as most clover seed is sown on 
In the spring, more than half of the seeds come 
to nothing in ordinary seasons. The seeds ger¬ 
minate, but fail to get root, and one or two 
days with drying winds destroy the germ. 
Something is gained by sowing early while the 
surface is slightly frozen. The seeds which 
have the good fortune to fall in the open fis¬ 
sures will be out of reach of winds and will 
root readily- Good seed lugs arc usually got by 
sowing at this time. But not one quarter of 
the seeds will fall even then whore they will be 
In good position for growing, A half or even 
a quarter of an inch difference iu position will 
insure success or failure of the seeds sown. 
What, falls upon the flat, hard surface packed 
by rains aud Impervious to moisture will fail, 
no mailer how favorable the weather may he. 
If seeding is delayed until the ground is dried, 
the surface should he thoroughly harrowed 
before sowing. 
But the best rule is to sow thickly. I have 
always believed in heavier seeding with clover 
thftu is generally practiced. One peck per acre 
't is none too much, and there arc cases where a 
,e peck and a half is Btill hotter. Last spring 
w when Bowing clover Bced, one end of the field 
n seemed rather doubtful, so after going over it 
n once at the rate of a peek per acre, 1 reduced 
y the quantity one-half and sowed this end of 
the field a second time. The result was that 
while almost all the clover seeding in the 
neighborhood was a failure I bad as thick a 
seeding as I had a year ugo when the season 
was everywhere favorable. From my expe¬ 
rience the past year 1 do not doubt that wc can 
nearly always Insure a good clover catch by 
sowing enough seed—enough I mean to give a 
sufficiency ot plants and yet allow a large pro¬ 
portion of the sued to fail. If the season Is 
favorable no harm is done by thick seeding. 
Clover will not grow so large when the plants 
crowd each other, but the stems will not be so 
coarse and there will be a larger proportion of 
leaves # and fine hay—a larger amount also, I be¬ 
lieve. * Where clover is thin, weeds will come 
in, which under the closely matted leaves of a 
thick seeding would be crowded out. If we 
can insure these advantages at the cost of a few 
quarts of clover seed per acre it will bo peuny 
wise and pound foolish not to do it. w. J. t'. 
Monroe Co , N. Y, 
CUZCO CORN. 
TnK following letter explains itself: 
San Francisco, Nov. 17th, 1879. 
To the Editor oe tub “Rural Nkw- 
Yorker Dear Sir: I send you a small box 
containing a pound or more of the wonder¬ 
ful Cuzco corn. You will certainly be much 
surprised at the size and qualities of tills 
wonderful cereal. 1 have not the least 
doubt that it will prove a very great acqui¬ 
sition to our farmers for almost every purpose. 
It should be planted ns far away from other va¬ 
rieties of corn as possible. The province of 
Cuzco In Peru, S. A., Is about 200 or 400 miles 
inland, and has an elevation of over 11,000 
feet. The weather is generally cold in winter 
and cool iu summer, which is very short. A 
great quantity of rain and snow falls there. I 
have a plant of it growing In our garden in 
this eity, planted too late (latter part of May. 
I believe), it is about 15 feet high, has two ears 
one 12 to 13 inches long, the other 9 to 10 
cuzco corn.—fig. 78. 
inches long. These ears will not bear any 
grains, as the pollen from other plants waB 
wanting to impregnate, or fructify them. For 
a country like some purls of otii Greul West, 
where wood is scarce, and where they hum their 
corn-stalks, this should l>w valuable corn, us 
the stalk I have must tie from 1J to 2 inches In 
diameter some 2j feet from the ground. Have 
a handful of the grain I send you boiled, just 
as they ure, say for 131 hours, and eat them 
with salt, pepper and butter und you will be 
surprised. You never tasted hominy as good. 
Take a few grains and parch them for a icw 
minutes in au oveu, and eat them with a little 
butter and salt, and you will aguin be sur¬ 
prised. Tiiiaucio Paruot. 
[Since the receipt of this corn, two kernels 
(•‘large enough to bo Mujor Genoruls ) ot 
which we have Lad engraved, we have also lo 
thank Mr. W. C L Drew, of Eldorado, Cal., 
for a second small quantity. Mr. Drew seems 
to expect great things of it as well ub Mr. 1‘ai- 
rot. 
Three or four years ago we planted three 
kernels of this same corn in our garden. We 
then supposed it was Zea Carugua. It grew 
to the bight of 11 feet, hut had set no ears 
when frost terminated its further growth, 
Dr. Thurher, to whom wc showed several oi 
our "Major Generals,” thinks It can hardly ho 
Z. Caragua which is described as being smaller 
than Zea Mays (Indian Corn). Dr. Thurher 
thinks if it be a distinct species, it is very prob¬ 
ably Zea macrosperma. It is evidently of no 
use iu this climate. We shall send a few feeds 
8outh In order to ascertain if it is worthy of 
cultivation there as well us to ascertain if, be¬ 
yond mere size, there is any foundation tor a 
new succies.— Eds. J 
Janu 
WESTERN FARMING BY A MIDDLE MAN. 
II. 
Charity begins at home, aud there I judge 
my comparisons aud criticisms of different 
modes and styles of fanning should begin, for 
such criticisms should at least he “ charitable 
aud kindly lu spirit and expression. 
1 have lately returned from a trip by rail, of 
some 300 miles, "swinging round the circle" 
iu my Own Stale, going by llie Olevelau , 
Columbu. and Cincinnati Railroad through 
one stretch aud styie of country, aud ru urniug 
by the Cleveland, Mt. Veruou and Columbus 
