MARCI8 
THE RURAL MEW-YORKER. 
by about 20 different persons, all good butter 
makers. 
Ans —The butter will probably vary in color 
and should, therefore, be well mixed. A good 
mechanical butler-w'orker (sec advertising 
columns for makers) may be nsed. The butter 
should be cut up and mixed as evenly as pos¬ 
sible and run through the worker. If color is 
needed this may he worked in. As the butter 
is cut up it should be washed to take out some 
of the salt, and fresh salt be added in the work¬ 
ing. Care should be taken not to overwork it 
so as to iujure the texture. The flavor aud the 
keeping quality will be improved by adding 
an ounce of white sugar to each four pounds 
of butter. 
Miscellaneous. 
S. 0., DobyviUe, Ark., has a two-year-old 
mule that in going down hill travels badly and 
seems afraid of falling at every step. His ap- 
pearauce is that of a foundered horse, but he 
is not foundered. While in the lot he stauds 
apart as if looking at something in the dis¬ 
tance, lifting his feet frequently as if they 
were sore. Ha la stiff, dislikes to move about, 
ami is slightly lame in one shoulder. He still 
travels up-hill “tolerably” well. Lately it 
was found that he had “ blind teeth’.’ aud they 
were knocked out. Some say he has “ big 
shoulder ” and for this our inquirer has been 
advised to give three grains of arsenic per day 
for some time, aud this he is now doing, but 
he is not satisfied either that “big shoulder” 
is the disease, or that he is using the proper 
remedy. 
Ans. —The going dowu hill with difficulty 
and up hill easily, point strongly to navicular 
disease. This would also account for every 
other system mentioned. Try the frog with a 
1 ighthammer; if the animal winces, the disease 
is certainly in the navicular or coffiu noun. 
Arsenic is of no possible use. The treatment 
proper in this case is to poultice the feet or 
make the animalstaud continually in a paddle 
of clay frequently moistened with hot water. 
When whatever heat exists is removed, blisters 
should be applied to the front aud sides of the 
pastern or a seton be passed through the frog. 
As to put a seton in the frog is a difficult 
operation, to avoid injuring a tendon it should 
be done by a competent surgeon. The seton 
is introduced in tbo hollow of the heel and 
brought out. about the center of the frog. 
While this is being done the animal must 
rest. 
A. S., EangeisolUe, N. 1'., asks, 1, how many 
cows can a Short-horn bull of 17 months, serve 
without injury ; 2, should guano in the hill with 
corn he covered, or Bhould it and the corn be 
placed in the hill right together; how much 
should be us?d in the hill; 3, how long should 
his pure blooded cock and pullets be shut up 
away from the rest of the flock to insure pure- 
blooded chicks. 
Ans.— 1. The youug bull may serve 25 cows 
during the ensuing year; beginning moderately 
at first. 2, No seed should come into direct 
contact with guano or any other concentrated 
fertilizer; nor should guano be thrown on to a 
hill of young corn or it wilt burn the spire. 
The fertilizer should be mixed with Ihc soil 
before the seed is dropped. One ounce to 
the hill is sufficient. 3, Three weeks. It is a 
question not yet settled if the connection with 
an impure-bred cock does or does not per¬ 
manently affect a pnre-bred hen. 
A. G., Sail Point, N. Y., asks, l, how to 
cure a sheep's caked bag which bus been so 
siuce she weaned her laiub: 2, how to rid a 
six-years-old mare of worms, which cause her 
to rub her tail; 3, how can hickory nuts be 
kept over without spoiling. 
Ans —1. Bailie the udder with warm water and 
rub on it a mixture of one drachm of iodide of 
potassium and one ottuce each of water and 
glycerine. Give the ewe a dose of one ounce 
of Epsom salts and if the hardness of the udder 
does not decrease soon, repeat the dose alter 
four or five days. Give one pint of linseed 
oil, and one ounce of turpenliuc, and repeat 
in a week. 2. Give an injection of salt und 
water by means of a syringe, or a bladder with 
a pipe of elder wood made to fit the mouth of 
the bladder. S, Keep the nuts in layers of dry 
earth iu a box of suitable size. 
B. F,, Homvbrook, Pa., asks 1, which is the 
more profitable—to haul stable manure three 
miles at 50 cents a load of 3,500 pounds, or to 
plow under green crops and use fertilizers ; 2, 
does it pay to sell dressed pork at $5 per 100 
pounds wheu shelled corn is worth 75 cents 
per bushel. 
Ans.— The stable manure in this ca?e would 
be cheapest. 2. It does not whore the pork is 
made wholly or nearly 60 with corn. When 
coin is 75 cents per bushel, pork should sell 
for not less than per hundred, it made on 
corn. W hen the pig can Lie grown on cheaper 
feed, it will pay to fluish off with corn on the 
basis stated. Fattened partially, at least half 
on roots or milk, pork can he made at a profit 
at $5 per hundred when the corn is worth 75 
cents. 
A. 11. A S., Galway, N. Y., ask 1, how to 
analyze soils and manures, the beat books on 
m 
chemistry and the price; 2, where to obtain a 
copy of Genesee Farmer for Oct.. 1850. 
Anb —Ton cannot learn to analyze roils aud 
manures with any satisfaction short of a good 
course in general chemistry. Miller’B two 
books, Inorganic and Organic Chemistry are 
as good as any; price about $4.00 each; can 
be had through book stores. 2. We do not 
know. 
E. S. IS., Ontario Go , N. Y., asks for the ex¬ 
perience of some farmer who has tried phos¬ 
phate on sandy soil. 
Ans.—The following from B. C. Underhill, 
Locust Valley, L. I., will probably give him all 
the desired information: 
Locust Valley, L. I., Dec. £6, 1879. 
Bowkkh Fehtilizek Co., Vents: The following 
report shows the result of using Stockbrldge Ma¬ 
nures the past season:— 
Cost. Yield. 
Stockbrldge on Potatoes,200 lbs. on \{ acre $5 20 bids. 
f>. V. Stable Man tire, aulouds" •• It. 15 " 
One row with no manure of any kind, yield of 
stable mo no re. 
Cost. Yield. 
Stool. bridKi' on Corn,-KK) lbs. on X acre, $9 70 bush. ears. 
N. V Stable Manure, .'loloade 1 .ls*.2586 “ " 
To this should bo added $3 for carting stable 
manure*. 
Cost. Yield, 
Stockbridireon Wheat,300 tbs. on X acre, $5.75 12X bush. 
N. Y. Stable Manure, 3M loads “ " " 16.50 10.X " 
Add to thiB .$3 for carting- stable manure. No differ¬ 
ence iu stand of grass. 
Stookbridgo on Rye, 400 Tbs. on 1 acre, cost $19. yield 
22 X bushels. Straw very tall and stiff. Weight! ton. 
B.C. UKOKKSlLt. 
JST. T., Albion, III., asks where can porcelain 
nest eggs be had. 
Anb—A t most crockery stores There is a 
carbolic neat egg which poultry fanciers 
recommend highly as tending to rid the hens 
and nests of vermin. They are sold for about 
$1.50 per dozen, Poultry supply or crockery 
houses sell or cau supply them. 
J. N. J., Mt. Vernon, 0., Beut us some Nan¬ 
tucket pumpkin seeds last season to be tested 
and he now askB how they turned out. 
Ans.—W e raised about oue dozen from the 
6 eed sent. They were of all 6izes and shapes— 
some of them resembling iu appearance rather 
the watermelon than the pumpkin. They 
seem to us nearly w orthless. 
W. P. G., Chicago, III., asks whether Cle¬ 
matis Jackmauii will stand a temperature of 
20 below zero. 
Ans.—I f covered the vines would stand 20° 
below zero. We do not thiuk the roots would 
suffer. It is an excellent plan to cut back all 
Clematis in the fall and cover with brush or 
litter. 
M. L. M., Holmes Go., Miss., asks where the 
Nanseraoud potato can be had, and at what 
price. 
Ass.—They will be found iu many of the 
catalogues referred to in our columns. The 
price is from 50 to 75 cents per ICO plants. 
I). C. IF.. Viola, la., asks where can he get 
some tea plants or seeds. 
Ans.—O f the Com. of Agiiculturc, Gen. W. 
G. Le Due, Washington, D. C. 
COMMUNICATIONS KBCK 1 VKD FOR THE WERE ENDING 
Saturday, March 6th. 
H. W. II.—M. W.—11. T.—II. D. J.—A. C.-W. C. 
G.-J. Mcl.— F. M. A.—M. M. D.-B. G.-J. L. S.— 
G. D. N.—A. R.-.T. T. 11.—W. II.—G. M. II.-C. A. 
G.-C. C. P.—S. D.-A. B. A.-Dr. J. K. B.—D. C. 
W.-E. l\—S. F. B.—O. N. C.—W. P. G.—F. W. S. 
—E. D. 1\— A. P.—A. E. B.—M. M. D.—J. B.—C. D. 
W.-A. M.—II. M. L.-.M. F. J.-S. J. E.-W. M. 
K.—S P. A.—W. II.—A. M. A.-G. D. N.—Mrs. P. 
D.—P. & .8.-Y. U. S.-W. I. B.-A. K.—II. B.—J. 
McC.—II. S. L.—T. C. It.—N. B.—“ Observer”—J. 
S.—B. C. 1> -A. P. A.—G. E. M.—S. P.—G. D. N.— 
J. T. L.—A. B. L.—C. O. D. ( accepted with thanks— 
B. G.—J. C. S.—A. 3.—N. 3. G.—8. F. A.—J. P. S., 
thauks-J. N. D.—“ Ermengarde”—E. W — J. S. B. 
—G. II. and J. H. II.—8. R —W. V. A.—Mrs. B. C. 
D —S. II. R. 
(Ijjt ,|ioultrii garb. 
TURKEYS. 
HENRY HALES. 
Of all the good new things that Europeans 
gaiued through the discovery of this continent 
the turkey stauds oue of the foremost. He is, 
iu fact, the king of birds, when his size, adap¬ 
tability to all climates, plumage, and delicacy 
of flesh are considered. He certainly would 
have made a better national emblem Ilian the 
thievish bald eagle, whieb steals from the fish 
hawk; and better than the golden eagle would 
have been, as that is a native of both Conti¬ 
nents. There are several varieties of turkeys, 
the magnificent Honduras, our American wild 
ones, and in the domesticated kiuds, we have 
the bronze, black, white, buff, and other colors. 
There is but little doubt that all domestic va¬ 
rieties originated from the wild turkey of the 
United Stales, aud of these varieties, the 
Bronze arc nearest to the wild birds in color 
and size. They arc the heaviest and are prob¬ 
ably the hardiest. In every way the Bronze 
turkey Is the turkey. 
I canuot lay too much stress on the impor¬ 
tance of size iu breeding turkeys. Nothiugis 
gained by breeding from the youngest or 
smallest birds. As turkeys are not at matu¬ 
rity until three years old, it is much the best 
pJ an for those who want fine, large birds to 
breed from those that are fully matured. 
What would a farmer gain by breeding to¬ 
gether for a number of generations half-grown 
cattle, or pigs, or any other stock ? He would 
certainly expect their size to be materially 
lessened; it most be eo, too, in any stock. Sel¬ 
ling all the biggest turkeys because they weigh 
aud sell for a little more tbau the smaller ones, 
is poor policy. Suppose you sell at 18 cents 
a pound five large birds weighing, say, 25 
pounds, aDd keep five weighing live pounds 
less, you get $4 50 more for the larger birds. 
Now, should you. raise 20 young birds the next 
year from the small ones, they would weigh 
less at a given time (say about November) than 
they would have done if larger or raised from 
five matured or larger birds. Up to that time 
of year, they gel most of their food in the fields, 
so that the less they weigh the less profitable 
they arc. If the 20 young birds each weigh five 
pounds less, you have 100 pounds’ weight less, 
worth, at eighteen ccnt6 per pound, eighteen 
dollars. Deducting the $4 .50 taken for the 
extra size of the five birds sold and perhaps a 
dollar saved on a litile le*s food than ihe five 
larger birds would have eateu, theloss amounts 
to $12.50 by breeding from the smaller birds *, 
for the larger birds are of no more trouble to 
look after than the smaller oneB. 
The best way is to have a gobler net related 
to the hens, of as fine matured stock as can be 
procured, with good large two year-old hens 
which are better than one-year-old birds, if 
extra siz.o is wauted. One gobler is enough for 
six or eight hen« ; but some prefer not to allow 
him more than four or five. The heue delight 
to lay iu quiet places where they' are least 
likely to be disturbed; it is best to watch them 
a little, aud it they take a faucy to any out¬ 
building, sometimes a nest box put up in it 
will keep them from laying astray; but should 
they lay astray, they should be watched, that 
the nest may be looked after, as they gener¬ 
ally lay more eggs than they can properly cover 
some of which may be set under a hen or 
otherwise disposed of, but it is most Important 
to find a silting lui key’s nest to see that it is 
kept clean, as sitting birds often break eggs 
and foul the nest, destroying the whole brood. 
The nest can be cleaned while the turkey hen 
is off feeding. 
Many people labor under an impression that 
a hen or turkey will hatch and raise more 
young ones when left to a Btray nest without 
interference, thinking that as such habit is a 
nearer approach to nature, it must be the cor¬ 
rect way. But what docs nature do as to in¬ 
creasing numbers ? In a state of nature, the 
whole feathered tribes about hold their own in 
numbers from oue year to another. This will 
not satisfy the breeder of domesticated birds 
and animals. If a farmer has five hen turkeys, 
he must raise more than that number to pay 
him for his trouble, and here is where the 
secret of success comes in— care. 
Young turkeys are very dainty and require 
frequent changes of food ; when first hatched, 
chopped hard-boiled eggs and bread crumbs 
are best. Cord, chopped meat, lettuce, and 
onions (wild green onions will do), corn meal, 
wheat middlings, buckwheat, are all good. 
The birds boon get tired of any one food and 
must bewatebed to see that they keep eating, 
for they sometimes starve with one kind of food 
only before them. Put the mother in a roomy 
coop, set a few boards around to make a yard 
in which the youug ones cau get their luxuries 
without running into danger, and in about 
three weeks, when they can get over a leu-lnch 
board, they may have their liberty in fine, 
dry weather. 
THIRTY-FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT 
OF THE 
NEW YORK LIFE INSURANCE 
OFFICE, Nos. 346 and 348 BROADWAY. 
JANUARY I, 1880. 
Amount of Net Cash Assets* January 1, 1879.$36,213,457.61 
Less deduction to cover decrease in value of U. S. Bonds and other assets. $135,966-93 
$36^077,490.08 
REVENUE ACCOUNT. 
Premiums. . .• •-$ 6 , 382 , 875.25 
I*ls deferred premiums Jan. 1,1879 . 379 , 839 . 09 —$ 6 , 003 , 036.10 
Interest and rents.I. *,339,875-93 . 
Less interest accrued Jan. 1,1879 . 306 , 2 * 5 , 93 —$2,033,65°-°°—$ 8 , 030 , 680.10 
$44,114,176.84 
DISBURSEMENT ACCOUNT. 
additions to same.$ 1 , 569 , 854.22 
to same. . 1 , 015 , 256.22 
--,-- B-. .. 2,*36,379*97 
Taxes and e-insurances.. . . 173 , 60 b .64 
Commissions, brokerages, agency expenses and physicians’ fees. 626 , 253.30 
Office and law expenses, salaries, advertising, printing, &c . 307 , 392 . 81 —$ 5 , 9285745.'6 
$38,185,431.68 
ASSETS. 
Cash in bank, on hand, and in transit (since received). $ 1 , 961 , 701.48 
Invested in United States, New York City, and other stocks (market value $ 14 ,- 
356 , 192 . 94 )..... .... '3,544.67 , -96 
Rcaf estate..... : .. 4*974,573-68 
Bands and mortgages, first lien on real estate (buildings thereon insured for $ 14 ,- 
287 , 000.00 and the policies assigned to the company as additional collateral 
security)... .... 15 , 3 * 3 , 278^5 
Temporary loans, (secured by stocks, market value $ 1 , 300 , 000 ).. .*.. 850 , 000.03 
* Loans on existing policies, (the reserve held by the company on these policies 
amounts to $ 3 , 160 , 000 )....- ..- *. 6 ” 
* Quarterly and semi-annual premiums on existing policies, due subsequent to 
Jan. 1 , 1880 .............. v .......-- 367 , 989 - 0 = 
* Premiums on existing policies in course of transmission and collection (estimated 
reserve on these policies, $ 330 , 000 . included in liabilities). 211 , 625.23 
Agents’ balances................ 22 , 199.23 
Accrued interest on investments Jan. t, 1880 . .. 3 l 7v 989 .**—$ 38 , 185 , 431.68 
♦.4 detailed schedule of these items vaill accompany the usual annual report * 
filed with the Insurance Department 0/ihe State 0/New York. 
Excess of market value of securities ever cost... 8 i 1 , 520.98 
CASH ASSETS, Jan. 1, 1880.$38,996,952,66 
Appropriated as follows: 
Adjusted losses, due subsequent to Jan-i, 1880 . $ 225 , 662.64 
Reported losses, awaiting proof, &c. .... 213 , 271,31 
Matured endowments, due and unpaid...... 32 , 780.98 
Re-ci ved for re-insurance on existing policies; participating insurance at 4 per 
cent. Carlisle net premium :non-participatingat 5 per cent. Carlisle net premium 34 , 016 , 840.82 
Reserved for contingent liabilities to Tontine Dividend Fund, over and above a 
4 per cent, reserve on existing policies of that class. 1 , 371 , 482.18 
Reserved for premiums paid in advance. 16 , 543 . 23 —$ 35 , 876 , 581.18 
Divisible surplus at 4 percent,.,.,,,,,. 3 , 120 , 571.43 
$38,906, 952.66 
Surplus, estimated by the New York State Standard at 4 1-2 per ct. f over $7,000,000.00 
From the undivided surplus of 3 , 120 , 371.48 the Board of Trustees has declared a Reversionary dividend to par¬ 
ticipating policies in proportion to their contribution tosurplus, available on settlement of next annual premium. 
During the year 5,524 policies have been issued, insuring 17 , 098 , 173 . 
! Jan. L 1376, 11, SGI. / 1876, *126,132,119. 
Jan. 1, 1877, 15,131. Amount \ 1872, 127,713,173. 
Jon. L 1878, 15,605. J ISTf 127,901,837. 
Jan. 1. 1370, 15,005. at risk ) 1879, 125,233,141. 
Jan. 1, 1880, 16,705. ( I860, 127,117.763. 
f 1875,81,524,815. TnMlmp ( 1876,81,870,068. Tiiviaihla ( hn. 1,1876,82,499,654. 
Death- t 1878> lr617i648< Income l 1B7g< fyo 6 m Divisible l Jaa> 1377> 2 ,626,816. 
claims l 1877. 1,638,128. from - 1877. 1,867.457. surplus at - Jan. 1. 1878, 2,004,141 
n Q id / 1878, 1.687,676. / 1878, 1,948,665. 4 cpnt ) Jin. L 1879. 2,811,436. 
paid ( 1879f 1 , 559 , 354 , Interest ( 1378 ; 2 , 933 . 550 . 4 Per cent * ( ; jn . 1,1880, 3,120,371. 
T11U8TEE8. 
MORRIS FRANKLIN, DAVID DOWS, CHAS. WRIGHT. M. D., 
WM. H. APPLETON, GEORGE A. OSGOOD, EffiVARD MARTIN, 
WILLIAM BARTON. HENRY BOWERS, JOHN MAIRS, 
WILLIAM A BOOTH, LOOMIS L. WHITE, P,D\V. A. WRITTEMORE, 
Tl. B. CLAFLIN. ROBERT B. COLLINS, HENRY TUCK, M. D.. 
JOHN M. FURMAN, S. S. FISHER, ALEXANDER STUDWELL, 
WILLIAM H. BEERS. 
THEODORE M. BANTA, Cashier. MORRIS FRANKLIN, 
D. O’DELL, Superintendent of Agencies. .. ... 
I CHAS1E3 wilonT, M, ) President. 
9 - WILLIAM H. BEERS, 
BBNE7 TUCK, 11. D., i Examiner*. * 
_ - ) Vice-Preset A Actuary, 
