MARCH 20 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
483 
the vapor rising from the surface of the milk 
is condensed, by the influence of (he icc or 
water, upon the upper side and carried down 
into the wa‘cr outside of the pans. This form 
of cover to the pans has far more cool'ng sur¬ 
face than a flat cover and cools the milk much 
more economically than any other I have used, 
at the same time that it perfectly condenses 
the v-pors and gases arising from the milk 
and leaves the cream in a much firmer aud 
richer cofidition than is possible in any non- 
condens ng apparatus, and entirely relieved of 
the harmful odors, 
Iustead of the usual method of drawing the 
milk from the bottom of the pans, 1 draw it an 
inch or two above the bottom; then draw the 
cream, and Anally draw the residue of the milk 
together with the other matter which I do not 
want in the cream. The bottom of the pan is 
lieve there is no patent. I use cloth for a 
strainer instead of those commonly used. 
The material is such as is used for cheese 
bandages and is cut in squares of one-fourth 
of a yard. This cau be folded in four thick¬ 
nesses, put over the spout of ihe pail, (like 
the one in the illustration) and held in place 
by a tin ring fitting closely over the spout 
and strainer. Such a pail cau be made by 
any tinsmith, and is as cheap as a com¬ 
mon milk-pail m. e. m. 
Vaire, and by him was dedicated to the Pomo- 
logical Cougress of France, hence its name. 
Messrs. Ellwantrer & Barry think it a great 
acquisition for this country. 
A ROYAL SUBJECT UNDER 
ENT TITLES. 
The Cuitibert. 
If there was ever a stronger example of “ per- 
siBtent merit” among Raspberries than the 
Cuthbert, it has never comeunder my observa¬ 
tion ; and for this reason, too, it seems destined 
soon to have titles as numerous as the Czar of 
Russia daring the reign of Alexis Michailovitcb. 
As this multiplicity of names seems likely to 
create confusion (in fact, 6uch contusion al¬ 
ready exists to some extent), I write out these 
few notes in hopes of suppressing it to some 
extent by throwing light upon the subject ; 
especially as the whole matter seems highly 
ludicrous to me. 
I noticed recently in the circular of Mr. 
Cbas. A. Green, Clifton, N. Y., now one of the 
most distinguished authorities on small fruits 
in the country, mention of a Raspberry called 
“ Lost Rubies ” with this description and note. 
"The Red Raspberry, ‘Lost Rubies’ was 
found growing with another variety. We hav 
submitted the canes and fruit to our most em¬ 
inent pomologists and they cannot name it. 
We have fruited it four years and can recom¬ 
mend i„ as the most profitable berry we have 
among ail the old and new. It is of the largest 
size, bright rod, very Arm perfectly hardy and 
healthy; a rampant grower, and equals the 
Philadelphia in productiveness. Oar pickers 
fill their baskets quicker from Lost Rubies 
than from any other Red Raspberry; and when 
not watched will often slip away to that patch.” 
This suggestive cognomen aud the description 
so exactly fitted the Cuthbert, and the ref¬ 
erence to the pickers so vividly called to my 
mind the experience I had while superintend¬ 
ing a gang of pickers in a patch of some acres 
of Raspberries, a small portiou of which were 
Cuthberts, in 18fiS. that they led me to wonder¬ 
ing if that might not be the same. I therefore 
wrote to Mr. Green asking him to name soma 
of the characteristics of the Lost Rubies. In 
his reply I read “Lost Rubies entirely distinct 
from the Cuthbert sent me by_. 
The pieces of caue seat are all from one cane 
—the bluish bloom about the base of the caue 
SOUVENIR DU CONGRES PEAR 
In the Rural New-Yorker of June 5, 1875, 
we first gave an illustration of this remarkable 
pear. For the present illustration of it we ex- 
tlus vessel and fall baek into the tnilk. The 
‘ ventilators” which are usually provided for 
this class of vessels are good for nothing ex¬ 
cept to provide for the expansion aud contrac¬ 
tion ol the air witbiu the vessel. Air has both 
weight and elasticity, hence each layer or 
stratum of air is heavier than that uext above 
it, and can no more rise out of the ‘•ventila¬ 
tors” provided for the class of vessels alluded 
to than the milk itself. Deodorization in cool¬ 
ing vessels can bo accomplished only by con¬ 
densing the vapors and conducting the con¬ 
densations away. The elasticity of the vapor 
.6 entirely counteracted as it approaches the 
cold cover of the vessel, and it has no more 
power to escape than water, which indeed it is. 
The retention of the sedimentary matter, 
which is effected by most of the cold “cream¬ 
ers,” is often a very great evil and much im¬ 
pairs the quality of the cream. Indeed, there 
is much butter thrown on the market, which is 
injured iu the same way. Almost without ex¬ 
ception, this class of vessels are provided with 
arrangements for drawing the milk from un¬ 
der the cream and afterward drawing or pour¬ 
ing off the cream, upon the erroneous theory 
that ihe precipitated matter, of which there is 
always more or less of a more or less offen¬ 
sive nature, will run away with the first of the 
milk. This is not true. 
Every particle of the sedimentary matter is 
left iu the bottom of tUe vessel to be drawn with 
the cream. If it were true, as has often becu 
asserted by the men who sell this kind of ap¬ 
paratus, that the sediment runs out first, the 
hills which God decreed should stand forever 
would have long since been washed into the sea. 
There is, of course, between these two ex¬ 
tremes of quality much cream of mostexcelleut 
quality made by one or auothcr process, which 
is mostly supplied to individuals, but in some 
few cases is put upm the market. But it is au 
exceptional or special product aud cannot 
materially alfect the general market any way. 
If cream is ever produced, sold aud consumed 
iu such quantity us the public welfare demands 
at the piesent, day.it must be the result of u 
greatly modified system of production and 
marketing. In the first place, there must be a 
fixed standard of quality and the product must 
be brought to that standard. In the next 
place, it must be put up in merchantable form 
aud made a strictly commercial commodity. 
The sooner city people learn that the very 
last person to whom they should go for their 
supply of cream is the city milk-roau, the 
sooner a reformation in the quality of both 
milk and cream will be inaugurated. 
I do not propose to offer a word of apology, 
and but a few words of explanation, for de¬ 
scribing in this couueelion a procsss of pro¬ 
ducing cream which both theoretically and 
practically meets the requirements ot the pro¬ 
posed trade in that commodity. When I be¬ 
gan the investigation of the subject of cream 
, •* r*-'. 1 
are the same. I cau trace the pedigree. I 
have hunted far and wide for a name. Charles 
Downing could not name it. nor friend Purdy. 
Your cut of the Cuthbert faitnfully portrays 
Lost Rubies.” 
Mr. Green iu his flr3t letter asks, “How has 
it been kept so long silent ?” The Cuthbert 
originated with the late Thos. Cuthbert, Esq., 
Rlverdale-on-Hudson (now a part of New York 
City) many years ago—twelve or fifteen at the 
least, aud has since been subject to any 
amouut of “wholesome neglect.” As Dr. 
Thurber says of one of our popular Strawber¬ 
ries, “ it persisted iu speaking for itself,” uutil 
it was fortunate enough to secure the audience 
of the worthy Editor of the Rural and now, 
since he has spoken for it, it would seem that 
others cannot say enough. Perhaps the Cuthbert 
has faults; but they remain yet to be developed. 
We now have it appearing east of its home as 
the “Conover,” south of it as the “Queen of 
the Market,” west of it as the “Lost Rubies ” 
press our obligations to Ellwanger & Barry, of 
Rochester, New York, who have introduced it 
in this country and who for several years past 
have offered it for sale. The pear from which 
the drawing was made is of natnral size, raised 
in their nurseries during the summer ol 1879, 
and weighed 21} ounces. 
The tree is a moderate, upright grower, very 
productive. To obtain good standard aud 
dw'aif trees Messrs. E. & B. are obliged to 
double work on vigorous kinds. The fruit 
grows sometimes singly, but generally in clus¬ 
ters of two aud three from the same bud, and 
hangs firmly to the tree when exposed to the 
iuflueuees which cause other varieties to drop. 
The specimens, as will be seen by the cut, are 
large to very large, weighing from one to two 
pounds ami larger than the Bartlett or Clapp’s 
favorite, to which they bear a strong resena- 
Ldance. The skin is smooth, bright yellow 
when the fruit is fully matured, with the parts 
exposed to the suu brilliaut red or carmine. 
The flesh, while it is very like that of the 
Bartlett, is free from its strong musky aroma, 
and it is firm to the core. It commences to 
ripen about the first of August, before the 
No Patent Milk PiiL.—Iu the Rural of 
Jau. 10, was au illustratiou of Dodge's patent 
milk pail which ts similar to one I have been 
using for a year or more and ou which I be- 
HAKDINESS OF RASPBERRIES. 
We have been making an inspection of our 
raspberry fields, to judge of the hardiness of 
