488 
THE BUBAL MEW-YOBKEB. 
MARCH 20 
THE 
RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
PUBLISHED EVERY SATURDAY. 
CONDUCTED BT 
ELBERT S. CARMAN. 
Addzeaa 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER, 
78 Duane Straet, New York. 
SATURDAY, MARCH. 20. 1880. 
KEMOVAL. 
On and after May 1st of tins year the 
Rural New-Yorker will occupy its new 
quarters, No. 34 Park Row, corner of 
Beekman Street. 
- ■++ - »- 
A CAUTION. 
It has become necessary that we should 
state that one C- H. E. (or C.) Redding was 
discharged from the employ of the Rural 
New-Yorker during the latter part of last 
year. All persons are cautioned against 
transacting any business with him on our 
account. 
The gross earnings of thirty-two Wes¬ 
tern railroads during the month of Feb¬ 
ruary aggregate §9,570,903, against 
$7,285,864 for the same time last year— 
a net increase of $2,285,039, or over 31 
percent. Only two railroads show a de¬ 
crease and that is trifling. This is a fine 
showing for the winter season, and an 
excellent proof of the great improvement 
in business this year. 
-- 
When well bred, like the Pencheron, 
Norman, Clydesdale and Shire horses, 
an increased size is no objection to a 
horse’s activity on the farm or road, es¬ 
pecially in the walk, whieh is extra fast 
when properly trained, and is the most 
important gait for the use of the farmer. 
The advantage of using an extra-large, 
powerful horse is that he will do the 
work of an ordinary pair, and a pair of 
them equal four of the common sort. 
This saves something in stable room, 
grooming, feed, harness, shoeing and 
general care and attention. It is also 
much more convenient often to use one 
horse than two. With the former one 
can plow nearer to trees and fences and 
work more rapidly with a one-horse tip 
cart, than with a two-horse wagon. It is 
surprising that one-horse carts are not 
in more use among our farmers. In 
many parts of Europe they are used ex¬ 
clusively. Loads of all kinds are tipped 
up in part or entirely, as desired, in a 
Becond or so, while from a wagon it takes 
a considerable time to unload. A cart 
can be used in a narrower farm road than 
a wagon, and be turned in one-third to 
one-half the space required for the latter. 
-» • » — 
At. t, over the country strikes among 
workmen are either actually inaugurated 
or threatened. These were to be ex¬ 
pected from the rapid improvement in 
business, which has raised the price of 
manufactured goods from 25 to 100 per 
cent., and from the natural reluctance of 
manufacturers to share their increased 
profits with their employes. In many 
places wages have been raised consider¬ 
ably, and it is to be hoped that some 
compromise may, in other cases, be 
speedily effected, by which the stoppage 
of the wheels of business may bo pre¬ 
vented or removed. Strikes are lament¬ 
able occurrences at best, causing a world 
of suffering to the strikers, no small 
losses to the employers, and a sad amount 
of ill-feeling between the two classes 
whose friendly co-operation is necessary 
to each others’ prosperity. According to 
the Statistics of the Mass. State Bureau 
of Labor, out of 159 strikes reoorded in 
that State, 109 were failures, 16 were 
compromised and only 18 were successful 
—a poor show for strikers. Yet had the 
employers compromised matters, it is 
not improbable their gains would have 
been at least as great, and the prosperity 
of the State would certainly have been 
greater. It is not the accumulation of 
money in the hands of a few in a State or 
nation, that renders its inhabitants hap¬ 
py and prosperous, but its distribution 
among the people at large. 
It has often been noticed that an Eng 
lishman traveling in America finds few 
things bo strange and foreign to all his 
habits of thought as Indian com. His 
doubts and difficulties at the dinner-table 
as to how to proceed when he first meets 
a boiled ear of com, are apt to be comical, 
to say the least; while his expressed 
opinion upon the flavor of corn-cake is 
not infrequently the reverse of compli¬ 
mentary. So, too, for a thoroughly in¬ 
dependent viow of popped-com, such as 
no American who ever lived could possi¬ 
bly have written, we may turn to the 
Himalayan Journal of Dr. Hooker, who 
relates that at a camp on the confines of 
Thibet, the natives gave him “ Parched 
rice and wheat-flour, cured, and roasted 
maize .”; aud proceeds to explain in a 
foot-note that the last-named refreshment 
is “prepared by roasting the maize in an 
iron vessel, when it Bplits and turns 
partly inside out, exposing a snow-white 
spongy mass of farina. It looks very 
handsome, and would make a beautiful 
dish for dessert.” It is a curious ques¬ 
tion in philology, how long the English 
and the American languages would retain 
any resemblance to one another if there 
were many such stumbling-blocks as 
maize. 
In one of the private gardens of Aiken, 
S. C., there are 25 tea plants five years 
old. They are about three and a half 
feet high and, though growing in a sandy 
soil and dry situation, they are healthy 
and vigorous. It has been thought, that 
the tea plant needs shade and moisture. 
This is true of young plants ; but the 
roots of older ones extend to such a depth 
that they will endure both heat and 
drought as well as the hedges of Euouy- 
mus, which are so beautiful aud thrifty 
in the gardens of many parts of the South, 
The tea plants of which we speak, if 
stripped, would yield enough tea to sup¬ 
ply a small family through the year. 
The leaves are first steamed, then dried 
in an oven. Thus prepared, without any 
further manipulation, the quality of the 
tea is equal to, aud of much the same 
flavor as, that known as good Oolong. 
There need no longer be auy question 
whatever as to whether the tea plant will 
flourish in certain S .uthern States. The 
only question is one of quality and cost 
as compared with the imported article. 
The facts given above as to the Aiken 
trial which have come uuder the writer’s 
observation, are specimens of hundreds 
that should inspire c ufideuce as to our 
ultimate success in this highly impor¬ 
tant industry. 
There is little doubt but that the im¬ 
migration from Ireland during the pres¬ 
ent year will be greater than in auy 
twelvemonth since the famine of '47-8 
sent the tide of Celtic immigration with 
unexampled force across the Atlantic. 
Already the inpour has begun, an unu¬ 
sually large number of Irish immigrants 
having landed at this port during the 
past couple of weeks. Various organiza¬ 
tions have been formed, both in thiB 
country and across the Atlantic, to aid 
in this movement, and efforts are being 
made to settle many of the new-comers in 
agricultural pursuits. Hitherto Irish 
immigrants to this country have seldom 
engaged in agriculture here, although 
fanning was the business of most of them 
at home. As a rule they have reached 
our shores with barely enough money to 
keep theni for a few weeks, when neces¬ 
sity forced them to take the first job that 
offered, and this has seldom been on a 
farm. Moreover, besides lacking capital 
enough even to make a small start in 
farming, they have been destitute for the 
most part of the steady, persistent indus¬ 
try needed to transform the farm hand 
into the farmer. It is proposed to settle 
various colonies of our expected visitors 
in different parts of the West—we wish 
all success to the experiment. 
At this stage of progress in American 
agriculture, steadiness of purpose is a 
quality that needs development. Change 
from one specialty to another with every 
extreme in the movement of prices, is 
natural in the experimental period of ru¬ 
ral industry in any new couutry ; and 
this country furnishes no exception to the 
rule. To leave sheep husbandry after 
prices have declined, and put the meagre 
procaeds iuto meat production, or dairy¬ 
ing on a risiug market, just in season to 
meet a disastrous fall, while wool is be¬ 
ginning to advance, has been a frequent 
experience. Jumping from one business 
to another without experience, is a leap 
in the dark, that has wrought injury to 
multitudes in every community, and ruin 
to many. Success is hereafter to depend 
so much upon skill and systematic en¬ 
deavor, that the only safe road to it will 
be through intelligent and persevering 
practice of a chosen pursuit. Examples 
could be multiplied iu every section of 
the country, in every line of culture, 
showing the superior profit, in the past, 
of persevering adherence to this rule. In 
fact the men who have succeeded, those 
who have acquired competence and rep¬ 
utation for skill, are almost invariably of 
this class. Agriculture, as a game of 
chance or as a land speculation, must 
give way to science and method with 
perseverence and close application. 
Young farmers especially should under¬ 
stand this necessity. 
A few weeks will see in Great Britain 
the excitement and turmoil of a general 
election which, judging by past experi¬ 
ence, will be marked with far more vio¬ 
lence, bribery, drunkenness and tempor¬ 
ary demoralization generally, than will 
attend our own presidential election a 
few months later. Lord Beacon afield, 
early in the week, unexpectedly declared 
his intention of appealing to the country 
in support of his measures for a vigorous 
foreign policy on the one hand, and an 
uncompromising opposition to the sell ernes 
of the Irish Home-rulers on the other. 
The honor and influence of the British 
empire, he maintains, demand the former, 
and itB security aud permanence, the lat¬ 
ter. The Liberals are now bitterly de¬ 
nouncing the foreign policy of the Ad¬ 
ministration on the ground that it has se¬ 
cured no advantage for the country, while 
entailing upon it many respo. sibilities 
whose weight must yearly weigh heavier 
upon it. The Home-rulers are equally 
or even more violent in their reproaches 
of the home policy of the Conservatives, 
whieh has exasperated the discontent of 
the inhabitants of one of the chief prov¬ 
inces of the empire, while it has left the 
distress which is agonizing it to be re¬ 
lieved by the charity of the outside world. 
As the duration of each British Parlia¬ 
ment cannot be longer than seven years, 
the present House would hare to be dis¬ 
solved next year; and doubtless the as¬ 
tute Prime Minister, in anticipating its 
inevitable dissolution, seGB that at this 
moment the temper of the public is favor¬ 
able to his side. It would, however, be 
as difficult to foretell the result of the 
next general election in Great Britain as 
to forecast the issue of our own presiden¬ 
tial election next fall. 
WhichShall it be, Cattle or Grain ? 
—Both. A mixed husbandry is safest 
for the masses. The South has Buffered 
from scarcity of meat and milk, and ple¬ 
thora of com and cotton. Many a Min¬ 
nesota farmer has helped to feed the East 
and England, while he has been destitute 
of milk for his ooffee, or butter for his 
superabundant bread. It has been re¬ 
peatedly shown that those countries 
which produce com and cattle most large¬ 
ly, boast a higher laud valuation than 
the great wheat countries. It is not only 
in Indiana and Illinois, but in the new 
State of Iowa as well where spring wheat 
haB ever been a speciality. Taking a 
broad view of the future requirements for 
meat and bread, we see tliat it is the 
policy of .11 nations (Great Britain alone 
excepted) to produce their bread at home. 
They dare not risk dependence in so vital 
a matter. If a bad harvest makes a small 
deficiency, it can probably be made good ; 
a very abundant harvest may give a small 
surplus. Meat is less bulky and will 
better bear the expense of transportation; 
so the use of meat by European nations 
is increasing, and the price has Bteadily 
increased during the past 30 years. On 
the contrary, wheat, with temporary fluct¬ 
uations, is no higher than in the lonp 
ago. James Cairo says the cost of brem 
in England was a farthing per pound 
both in 1770 aud 1878, while meat ad¬ 
vanced from three and one-half to nine 
pence iu the same time, and from five to 
nine pence between 1850 and 1878. The 
recent and unprecedented foreign demand 
for wheat is the result, in part, of a series 
of extraordinary crop failures which will 
not permanently continue. The en¬ 
larged demand for meat is in far higher 
degree the result of causes more per¬ 
manent in their operation. The outlook 
for meat is, therefore, better than for 
grain. Yet both will be required, as pop¬ 
ulation increases, in rapidly enlarging 
quantities. 
■-- 
that has been found intolerable wher¬ 
ever the cheap labor and few needs of 
the Mongolian have come into competi¬ 
tion with the higher-priced labor and 
more civilized wants of the Caucasian. 
Civilization is a developer of wants, and 
before the white man can work for the 
same wages as the yellow man and bo 
content with the same fare, he must re¬ 
trograde to the same semi-barbarous con¬ 
dition. In New Zealand and in all the 
Australian colonies it has been found 
necessary to legislate against the influx 
of immigrants from the Flowery King¬ 
dom. The laws that have been found effi¬ 
cacious against the evil there are even 
more oppressive than those which the 
California workingmen seek to establish. 
There, as in California, it has been a 
struggle for existence between the two 
races; and self-preservation has made 
the white man deaf to the doctrines of po¬ 
litical economy and the plea of abstract 
justice from those whose condition or lo¬ 
cation has preserved them from the hird- 
sliips entailed upon the laboring classes 
by competition with the oheap labor of the 
“ Heathen Chinee.” If the superabun¬ 
dant population of the crowded Chinese 
empire must have an outlet, why do not 
the almond-eyed tail-bearers establish 
colonies of their own along the vast un¬ 
occupied coast of continental Australia ? 
BREVITIES. 
During the last couple of weeks up¬ 
wards of 500 Chinese have reached this 
city from San Francisco, aud should the 
present anti-Mongolian agitation continue 
on the Pacific Coast, a much heavier im¬ 
migration of the same sort must be ex¬ 
pected. Of course, the tlireats of Kear¬ 
ney and his turbulent followers aro to be 
greatly deprecated; of course, any vio¬ 
lence they may attempt should be prompt¬ 
ly and vigorously suppressed. The su¬ 
premacy of the law must be maintained; 
grievances, however onerous, must ap¬ 
peal for redress by legal methods only. 
The anti-Chinese grievance of the la¬ 
boring classes on the Pacific Coast, how¬ 
ever, is a real and severe one. It is one 
Mr. J. J. Hallford near Grahamville, S. 
C., has an apple tree that bloomed last Decem¬ 
ber and is now loaded with apples as large as 
quail eggs. 
It is probably a good rule for the farmer to 
work upon that of staple crops, those which 
sell for a high price one season will sell for a 
low price the next. 
Ma. Norris writes us from Alabama that he 
deems Cow-peas a subject of such magnitude 
that he is compelled in the interests of Agri¬ 
culture to speak out 
From our correspondent at Aiken, 8. C., we 
learn that the Japan Persimmon is thereabouts 
exciting much interest. Many plants, pur¬ 
chased at the north, are bclug tried. 
Dr/1Ioskins owns a farm of twelve acres 
and gets a living from it and pays his debts. 
He believes his income from it more than that 
elerived from many farms in Vermont of 100 
and 200 acres. 
A gentleman just returned from Florida 
tells us that in the grove of Col. Hart (opposite 
Pulatki) Is an orange tree from whieh 10,000 
oranges have been picked during the past year, 
netting him over $250. We know this report 
to be trustworthy, hut such instances rarely 
occur aud Bhouid uot be received (as they are 
too often) as evidences, ol the usual profits of 
orange culture. 
Our friends, In selecting vines for the com¬ 
ing season, should not forget the hardy and 
beautiful Clematis. For blue there is no better 
kind than JaeUmannii. Henryi bears a large 
eilver-white flower. Vclutina puipurea is of a 
daik mulberry color. Miss Balemati is puro 
white. Fair Rosamond is white tinted with 
lavender, having a light-red band through the 
middle of the petals. 
The value of the Polled Scotch Caitic as 
beef-producers is fully acknowledged iu Eng¬ 
land. The Royal Agricultural Society, how¬ 
ever, is opposed to offering any prizes at the 
Carlisle meeting. Five huudred dollars are 
iu prizes for Ayrshlres, hut no encouragement 
is offered for the Polled Scotch, from which, it 
appears, is derived a considerable part of the 
best beef that goes to the London market. 
Thebe is as much snfforiug In other coun¬ 
tries as iu Ireland. Russia is ravaged by fam¬ 
ine, typhus and diphtheria, and thousands are 
perishing throughout the vast empire, though 
no suggestion ol “relief funds” is made. So 
in Silesia and Italy misery prevails to as 
great a degree as tu Ireland. 8ir 8. Nnrthcote 
has recently said in Parliament that not a single 
case of actual starvation lias been knowu to 
occur in Ireland. On this side of the Atlantic, 
too, advices just received from Brazil givu 
heart-lending accounts of the. famine now dcs- 
ola.iug several provinces of ihat empire. 
Early in the week the President sent a mes¬ 
sage to Congress, in which he lakes the ground 
that whatever nation may supply the capital 
for the coustruetlou of the Isthmus Canal, the 
work is of such vital importance to the pros- 
B erity aud protection of this country, that the 
tailed 8iutes must be its recognized protector 
aud controller. This official declaration has 
come not a moment too soon. No room for 
doubt with regard to the position ol this 
country in this connection, should be left 
among other nations. A frank and bold enun¬ 
ciation of that position now willdoubUeBs save 
a world of complication and bickering, or 
worse, hereafter. 
The recent poisoning of a whole family in 
Canada, from eating cabbages, upon which 
it iB supposed Paris-green had bocu sprinkled, 
should prove a warning to farmers against u 
careless use of this class of iusect remedies. 
Paris-green is largely composed of arsenic, iB 
almost Insoluble in water, retaining It* active 
prlnclplu for years, aud a very little of it may 
prove fatal. It Js well enough to employ ft 
U[on potato Pips, the cotton plant, aud the 
foliage of such other plants as are not used for 
food for man or animals, hut its use upon, or 
even near uuy other kind of vegetation, espe¬ 
cially iu the kitchen garden, is fraught with 
danger. There are plenty of useful means by 
whieh the cabhuge worm may be destroyed or 
its ravages lessened, without resort to violent 
poisons. In the case to whieh reference is 
made, theue was fortunately but oue death, 
though five persons were affected. 
