count of cranberry culture; to go into it fully 
in detail would require the writing of a con¬ 
siderable volume. But from the study even of 
this no one could be certaiu of making a good 
meadow and successfully managing it there¬ 
after. It requires a long experience to ac¬ 
complish atl this properly, and to those who 
think of embarking in the business it will be 
advisable to engage a thoroughly reliable, 
practical man to assist them till they become 
fully acquainted with all the details. 
It will be seon now that the crop is preca¬ 
rious on account of being subject to attacks of 
numerous injurious insects and diseases of 
various kinds. Some have also been badly in¬ 
jured from fires running over them, caught from 
prove the quality; to decrease the proportion 
of offal, aud consequently to cheapen the pro¬ 
duct and increase the demand for it. 
The Victoria breed of swine is an improved 
Suffolk and an improved Yorkshire at the 
same time. It has the fineness of the Suffolk 
without its tenderness and its excessive tend¬ 
ency to fat, and the size and fleshiness of the 
Yorkshire without its coarseness. Its skin is 
thin aud fine j the hair is flue and abundant; 
it has length of body, with depth of side 
and shoulder and an excellent ham—what more 
can be wanted in a pig ? At the recent Fat Cat¬ 
tle Show some Victorias from Indiana were ex¬ 
hibited which are reported to have averaged 360 
pounds of weight for pigs from six to ten mon tbs 
The fact is that there is much to learn from 
agricultural fairs and exhibitions of all kinds. 
To the observant man there is presented an 
epitome of the results of the best work of hun¬ 
dreds of enterprising, thoughtful and capable 
men. “ la the multitude of counsellors there 
is wisdom,” and the more a man sees of the 
successful work of other men, nay, the more 
he sees of the failures of unsuccessful ones, 
the more he may learn to guide himself in his 
own work. The greatest result of this fat cat¬ 
tle show Is the plain proof given of the value 
of well-bred stock. The best animal and the 
first on the above list is & grade Short-horn. 
So are the Becond and third; the fourth is a 
pure-bred. Grades are always better beef ani¬ 
mals than the pure-bred; this 
r is characteristic of high-bred 
animals and their crosses. But 
the heavier grades can only be 
produced through the pure- 
breds. These are the material 
to be used. After the full ex¬ 
perience of many years a farm- 
er who goes on breeding from 
scrubs is simply throwing away 
opportunities of making the 
most of his labor. 
A Western Opinion of Short¬ 
horns and Percherons. 
An esteemed contributor wri¬ 
ting to ns from Illinois, says:— 
The Herefords are coming to 
the front, but the Short-horn 
interest is so powerful that the 
Hereford breeders do not get 
a fair chance, and the Short¬ 
horn papers cannot be made to 
acknowledge the fact until long 
after it has been fully accepted 
by the people. In a word, I find 
'Ti'wstjsse*. most agricultural journals are 
one to two years behind the 
times, and when one writes he 
Is compelled to write what the 
facts were ooe or two years ago 
and not what they are at present. 
For example, the Percheron horses have been 
tried and found wanting, and they are going out 
of fashion faster than they came into it; yet 
who dares to say so plainly and to say that all 
or nearly all they are good for is for slow work 
in a cool climate. No doubt the Clydesdales are 
au improvement. I should not bo surprised If 
we found the Russian horse, which originated 
on the steppes and under the intense cold of 
Central Asia, the stock we want for a climate 
which is tropical in Summer, and arctic in 
Winter. 
has just been held. This is purely a Chicago 
Institution and is jealously so considered by 
that live city. It Is a similar affair to the Eng¬ 
lish Smith field Batcher Cattle show and this 
Western association thinks its modern effort 
surpasses that time-honored one of England. 
Perhaps it does. Why not ? We have better 
Short-horns here than our distant competitors; 
otherwise our cattle would not he in demand 
over the water at higher prices than can be 
obtained there for native cattle; and American 
beef would not be sold under the false guise of 
“ the best home-fed.” Certainly this Chicago 
cattle show is an educational institution and 
instructive as well as curious. The catalogue 
of entries contains in three adjoining columns 
the age in days, the weight and the average 
daily growth. At a glance one can see how 
much loss and how much gain each animal has 
made. 
THE SWARTZ OR SWEEDISH SYSTEM OF 
CREAMING. 
OUR ANIMAL PORTRAITS 
Short-horn Cow “Lady Wellesley Second.” 
Tnu accompanying out, redrawn from the 
Agricultutal Gazette, is a flue representation 
of the Short-horn cow Lady Wellesley fid, be¬ 
longing to the Wolverton branch of the cele¬ 
brated Princess tribe, which have been bred in 
this country for several generations. Her sire 
was the pure “Duchess” bull Duke of Geneva 
9th, and her dam traces to the same cow as 
Lord Bective’s beautiful Lady Sale of Putney. 
She was bred by Mr. E. H. Cheuey, from whom 
she was purchased by Mr. L. Rawetone, of 
Holton Hall, Eugland. The Princess tribe has 
always borne a high reputatiou for its fecund¬ 
ity and deep-milkiug power, as well as for its 
beauty, and is to day second to no Short-horn 
tribe in popularity. 
All the late methods of eream-raising 
by the use cither ol ice-water or cold air are 
based on the system discovered some years ago 
by Mr. Swariz, of Hofgarden, near Wadster.a, 
Sweedeu, and which is known either as the 
Svveedish or Swariz system. The main point 
of this system is, that the milk is set in ice- 
water to cream. It 13 to the employment of 
this method that is due the high price obtain¬ 
able for Sweedish and Danish butter in the 
English market, and its advantages have set 
inventors in this and oLUer countries to work 
in order to devise the most convenient and eco¬ 
nomical way of embodying the cardinal point 
of the system—the cooling of the milk rapidly 
by the use of ice. In Sweeden the milk is 
carried to the factories every night and morn¬ 
ing immediately after milking, from a circuit 
of not more than a mile and a half around 
each factory. It is Ihere measured, and at the 
end of each mouth ihe farmer is paid a stipu¬ 
lated price for the quantity he has delivered. 
The Cooling Tanks.— For cooling or “set¬ 
ting ’ the milk, square or oval tanks or cisterns 
arc used, Ihe size depending on the require¬ 
ments of each dairy. Usnally they are not 
over nine feet in length by three in breadth, 
inside measurement, with adepth of six inches. 
Such a cistern is large enough to cool about 115 
imperial gallons of milk. It is made of two- 
inch plank and is, of course, water-tight. The 
milk-pails are usnally placed on a large grate 
fastened with wooden wedges inside the tank. 
Figure 404 shows a top view of a tank and the 
arrangement of the milk-cans in it; while in 
figure 405 a sectional view is given, affording 
au idea of the depth and showing the inlet and 
outlet water-pipes. Experiments show that 
the more quickly the milk is cooled, the more 
completely does the cream separate from it. 
To reduce the temperature quickly, therefore, 
ice is broken into small pieces and put iu the 
water surrounding the pails in the tank. From 
40° to 45® Fah. is found, as a rule, to be quite 
low enough, even in Summer, and in Winter 
this temperature is easily maintained by the 
use of a little snow instead of ice. If the tem¬ 
perature can be reduced to 43° by a flow of 
The youngest beef is the most profitable; it 
is certainly the most palatable. The farmer 
who fats and slaughters a two-year-old steer 
or heifer has some- choice, tender meat at the 
lowest possible cost. If he fed the steer till 
four years old the meat would cost 50 per cent. 
more. Let us consider the following figures 
taken from the aforesaid catalogue: 
. . . __ , , Gain per day 
Age i n days. Weight. fr jm birth. 
688 1 . 8 S 0 173 lbs' 
58a 1,490 2.54 lbs. 
5V3 1,400 3.44 IbH. 
721 1,590 2.20 lbs. 
940 1,975 2.10 lbs. 
1,197 2,005 1.67 lbs. 
2,692 1,690 0.62 lbs. 
2,766 3,125 1.13 lbs. 
4.22a 1,170 0.40 lbs. 
4,2fit> 1,455 0.34 lbs. 
Here is a wonderful difference. Part of it is 
evidently due to the animal itself, but without 
any doubt the 2,005-pound animal would have 
been more profitable u year earlier tban at the 
end of 1,197 days. The enormous weight of 
3,125 pounds even is produced at a compara¬ 
tive loss, while the 11-year-old beasts had 
“eaten their heads off” many years before. 
These were cows and, of course, may have 
paid their way as breeders, but it exemplifies 
the principle that after two years a beef ani¬ 
mal loses money. 
NOTES BY A STOCKMAN 
If the man who grows two blades of grass 
where but one grew before, is a public benefactor, 
be who produces two pouuils of meat where but 
one was raised before deserves equal credit. 
Among the useful men of luisEorc is my friend 
Col. F. D. Curtis, ot Charlton, N. Y., who first 
introduced the Victoria breed of swine. The 
Colonel deserves the credit of being tbe orig¬ 
inator of the idea o f herd records for these 
useful animals, and was the leader in 
the movement for holding the first conven¬ 
tion of swine breeders that was ever held in the 
world. This convention fixed the scale of 
points and the standard of excellence 
of the established breeds of swine. I 
well remember how several years ago 
Col. Curtis, myself and auother constituted 
ourselves the committee who surpervised 
the birth of this new idea and who helped it 
to stand upon its feet. But the whole credit 
is due to the Colonel whose faith was strong 
while ours was weak. The strong will and 
determination led to success, aud tbe fruits 
of that movement have been exceedingly bene¬ 
ficial to the pork interest; for it gave a vast 
incentive to improved breeding and the re¬ 
sults have undoubtedly been to increase the 
average weight in a certain period; to im- 
It is the same with sheep and pigs. A fat 
wether at 20 months and a pig that is slaughter¬ 
ed before it has been fed over one Winter, are 
more profitable at these ages than if longer 
kept. This being plainly the fact, how im¬ 
portant it is that those interested in feeding 
stock of any kind should keep only those that 
mature early and are rapid feeders. 
