est ebb. The business •was new and pre¬ 
judice was evoked with the greatest 
vigor. Now, matters are changing for 
the better. The condition of the poorer 
classes of English people is rapidly im¬ 
proving, and already they are largely in¬ 
creasing their demand for cheap meat. 
They have found, too, that all the charges 
of unsoundness, parasitic infection, and 
poor quality, which have been made 
against our meat, have been invented by 
selfishness and malice, and they have 
learned and now understand the trick of 
exposing and selling our good meat as 
“home-grown,” so that we may expect 
and prepare for a vast increase in the de¬ 
mand for our meats at a certain price, 
with which English farmers cannot com¬ 
pete. The price is profitable to us. Ten 
cents a pound, dressed weight, on ship¬ 
board, will well pay our farmers who own 
their own lands, and the business can 
afford to pay it. 
Again, while England has been the 
subject of experiment, France, Germany 
and Spain have been watching the result. 
A hundred millions of people of these 
three nations await the opening of this 
business with them. Nine out of ten 
Frenchmen rarely eat beef. To procure 
it is beyond their means. So scarce is 
this meat in France that a piece of it is 
boiled first and the soup eaten for one 
meal, and then the meat is baked or 
roasted, in their rather poor way, and 
used for a second meal; meanwhile, the 
bones are digested until the gelatine is 
abstracted, for the furnishing of another 
meal. In Germany something of the same 
sort prevails*and American beef, in great 
part, must provide for their needs. The 
great West is fast becoming occupied, 
and herds are filling up the most remote 
valleys. The oppoitunity of the East 
aud near West is coming, and will afford 
an opening for largely increasing the sup¬ 
ply of meats. It is to such new oppor¬ 
tunities, rather than to any large increase 
of our present staples—wheat, com and 
dairy products—that we must look for the 
necessary development of our agricultur¬ 
al operations. There are others which 
might be suggested, as the beet sugar 
production whicb lias a promising future, 
for one. But *he subject is one that calls 
for individual thought, rather than pub¬ 
lic discussion, and as such we present it 
to our readers for their digestion. 
large shrubs or little trees, and charge about 
one dollar per single plant. It is rarely seen 
in Southern! gardens. This is, in familiar 
language, the Snowdrop or Silver-Bell Tree. 
In reply to many Inquiries, let us state that 
Early Amber Cane seeds are sold by all seeds¬ 
men for about $5 per bushel. As has repeat¬ 
edly been stated in these columns, it is as easily 
grown as corn, four or five quarts being sown 
to the acre In hills or drills. Land that will 
raise 50 bushels of shelled corn, needs no 
special fertilizing, since an over-thifty growth 
is not desired. 
Bt a letter from President John 6. James, 
of the State Agricultural College of Texas, we 
learn that the chair of Scientific and Practical 
Agriculture at that college, which has been 
endowed with the Congressional Land grant, 
will be filled by the Board of Directors next 
summer Applications for the position can be 
filed at the President’s Office, College Station, 
Brazos County, Texas, until June, 25th, 18k). 
Don’t wait till the crops come up to destroy 
the weeds, but the moment they appear attack 
them. They can be destroyed early In the 
season with one-fifth to one-tenth the labor 
that they demand if left to multiply and enlarge 
later on. One of the best implements for this 
purpose is a harrow with fine, thick-set, steel 
teeth, sharp-pointed and sloping in the rear. 
These can be made wider or narrower, lighter 
or heavier, as required. 
It is said that there are 34 persons in the 
United Kingdom who are owners of above 
100,000 acres each. The largest of these is the 
Duke of Buccleuch, who possesses 450.200, the 
acres gradually diminishing down to the Earl 
of Montrose, who has only 103,760. The total 
is 6,004,107 acres belonging to the above 34 
persons. Oar California and Great Western 
Plains friends, will have to whip np a little to 
obtain as large estates each us are specified 
above. 
In small gardens where it is desired to bring 
forward melons, beans, etc., as early as possi- 
ble.'tbe following plan, though far from new, 
will prove serviceable. Prepare the soil the 
same as if the seed were to be planted in the 
usual way. Then place four bricks so as to 
form a square at suitable distances. Plant the 
seeds within t.ais square aud cover with a 
pane of glass. In this way, ms a matter of fact, 
miniature cold-frames are formed without 
much tronble or expense. The same plau may 
be adopted to forward any kind of flower 
seeds. 
Whiting to the London Ag. Gazette, Prof. 
Morrow remarks : “In making estimates as to 
American agriculture, the necessarily rapid 
enlargement of the cultivated area from year 
to year must always be kept In mind as an im¬ 
portant factor. This exteneiou Of the culti¬ 
vated area Is greater than the increase of popu¬ 
lation, so that, with equally good crops, the 
eurpl us for exportation grows larger each .year.” 
If our late wheat reports from all parts of 
the winter-wheat growing areas ot our country, 
forecast one thing more Ilian another, it is that 
wheat will rule low another season. 
Of the two British Commissioners who 
lately visited this country to investigate Amer¬ 
ican agriculture, Mr. Clare Sewell Read, Con¬ 
servative has been relegated to private life, 
the electors of South Norfolk having, in the 
late election, preferred a Liberal land-owner 
to the only representative of tenant farmers 
that had a seat in the legislature. Mr. Read 
was a persi6t*ut sticker for tenant farmers’ 
rights and prominently mentioned as Secre¬ 
tary for Agriculture on the hoped for estab¬ 
lishment of u new Ministry of Agriculture. 
He aud his opponent had the same number of 
votes, but on examination of the ballots it 
was discovered that while all those for his 
rival were correct on one of the ballots for 
Read, the voter’s name was written on the 
back of it—a slip that rendered it inadniissabie. 
His Tory principles caused his defeat in the 
late Liberal upheaval. Mr. Pell, the other 
Commissioner, has however, been re-elected. 
The Hon. F. P. Root states, in the N. Y. 
Tribune, that there is no soil that has proved 
more enduring for wheat than a calcareous 
clay loam of alluvial formation. Though this 
is the character of a large portion of Western 
New York, yet the alternate cropping with 
PUBLISHED EVERY SATURDAY 
CONDUCTED BX 
ELBERT S. CARMAN 
Address 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER, 
No. 34 Park Row, New York 
SATURDAY, MAY 8. 1880. 
REMOVAL. 
The Rural New-Yorker is now in its 
new quarters, No. 34 Park Row, corner 
of Beekmau Street. 
Mr. Thomas, of Illinois, has introduced 
a bill into Congress imposing a tax equal 
to ten cents, on every pound of oleomar¬ 
garine, and authorising the Commissioner 
of Internal Revenue to issue speoial 
stamps to be affixed to the packages 
thereof. Moreover, the bill provides a 
penalty of ,100 per cent, additional tax 
and a fine of §1,000 for evasion of, or non- 
compliance with, the law imposing the 
tax. The passage of such a bill we be¬ 
lieve to be impossible, and its introduc¬ 
tion injurious to the interest it claims to 
subserve. It is of a piece with that fool¬ 
ish petition recently sent out for signa¬ 
ture by the International Dairy Fair As¬ 
sociation. The tendency of both is to 
bring contempt and ridicule upon the 
legitimate demands of farmers and 
dairymen in this matter. However 
earnestly these may desire the suppres¬ 
sion of this new industry, they should be 
too intelligent to think for a moment that 
at this day this desirable object can be 
brought about by prohibitory tuxation 
upon it, or by any other legislation ham¬ 
pering the manufacture of a healthful 
product. What we should insist upon is 
that the stuff shall be sold only under its 
proper name, and not as butter; that 
some easy mode of discriminating between 
the two shall be determined upon ; that 
the healthfulness of the product shall be 
thoroughly investigated; and that due 
precautions shall be taken that it shall 
not be made either from materials or in a 
manner hurtful to the health of the pub¬ 
lic. The laws should be stringent on 
these heads, and measures should be 
taken to provide as well as possible that 
they shall be rigidly enforced. The jus¬ 
tice and expediency of such demands 
must secure their prompt concession, for 
in them the vast dairy interests of the 
country insist upon only what must re¬ 
ceive the hearty assent of ev.ry lover of 
honesty and fair dealing. 
A FALLACY AND A TRUTH. 
We often notice in the religious and 
other press, or hear from the pulpit, 
what seems to us to be a fallacy of infer¬ 
ence. And yet, as usual in such cases, it 
contains an element of truth. Both Beeni 
THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW ENTER 
PRISES. 
The present enormous expansion of our 
^industries consists more in the develop¬ 
ment of new enterprises than in the ex¬ 
tension of the staple existing ones. It is 
true that every new-found industry or 
product helps to stimulate the old ones, 
but the vast increase in business which 
is made year by year is due to the new 
paths cut out by enterprising pioneers 
and into which crowds press and force 
their way as soon as the prospect of suc¬ 
cess is opened. This fact is bo constant¬ 
ly obvious that we may be spared the la¬ 
bor of indicating examples. It is one 
that speaks for itself. Our greatest in¬ 
dustry- agriculture—follows its fellows 
in their onward march but lags behind 
somewhat, being hindered greatly for 
want, of those means by which other in¬ 
dustries make such bold and successful 
advances; namely, association and capi¬ 
tal. Yet agriculture is moving on, and 
new enterprises are carried on to sucess- 
ful developments. 
Foremost among these is the foreign 
trade in meat and live stock. From the 
small beginning of four million pound b 
in 187'i, the business has grown to fifty- 
four million pounds in 1879, and the ship¬ 
ments of the present year are still sur¬ 
passing previous figures. In 1880, up to 
the 31st of March, nearly seventeen mil¬ 
lion pounds had been sent abroad, and 
the promise of still larger exports is very 
favorable. The extension of this busi¬ 
ness cannot fail to be of the utmost im¬ 
portance to American agriculture. It has 
as yet but just begun. The first dawn of 
da.)-light, as it were, has gleamed, and 
bears no comparison with tLe brilliance 
of noon-day that is to come. Let us con¬ 
sider the prospect. 
Hitherto everything has been disas¬ 
trous. Commercial depression, previ¬ 
ously unexampled, bore heavily upon the 
English nation, and the purchasing pow¬ 
er of those consumers to whom we must 
look for our market has been at the low- 
Mr. Root thought, while pursuing this alterna¬ 
tion, that the abundant crops would never 
fail; but after following the system for ten 
years, his wheat became leas fair and plump. 
The growth of straw was in most cases in¬ 
creased, but the yield of grain was less. The 
clover also began to fail so that he found it diffi¬ 
cult to get a good steding. Finally, in 1854 and 
’55, he met with a total failure, still having an 
abundant growth of straw. It was fiually 
fouud that the use of mineral fertilizers was 
necessary to restore to the laud its former pro¬ 
ductiveness. and the average yield of wheat in 
the past three year* has been greater than in 
any like period in the previous quarter of a 
century. 
Tub members of the St Louis wheat ring 
are said to have combined with those of the 
Chicago ring to stiffen prices. For months 
wheat has been extensively sold to be delivered 
in May, tbe sellers In many cases never in¬ 
tending to deliver a bushel, but merely to re¬ 
ceive dr pay the difference between the price 
at which they sold and that at the date at 
which it was to be delivered. These at the 
openkg of the month were "short” on wheat; 
whereas, those who had more on band than 
they had sold, were “long ” It waB therefore 
to the interest of those “long” on wheat, to 
raise prices, hence they arc the “ bulls" in 
the market, whereas the others are the " bears,” 
the former always tossing up prices and Ihelat- 
ter palling them down. The St. Louis “bulls,” 
then, having combined with those of Chicago, 
are said to have made somewhat of a “ corner” 
lu wheat, sharply pinching the “ boarB,” and to 
this movement is due the stiller tone of the 
wheat market noticeable In our reports. This 
will hardly last, however, as the “ bulls" of 
this week may be the “ bears” of next, accord¬ 
ing to the obligations they have meanwhile 
incurred and the state of the market. 
BREVITIES 
8tpdy both politics and agriculture—but, 
agriculture first. 
Professor Storer's article, in another col¬ 
umn, will be found to confirm the results of our 
experiments with wevil-eaten peas. 
Let our farmers combine to nominate aud to 
support candidates who know something of 
agriculture and who will therefore study to 
promote Us interests. 
From what the writer of this note has seen 
of the much-praised Sorghum halepense in the 
South, wc cuutiou our readers against intro¬ 
ducing it upon their farms in any part of the 
country where the roots are hardy enough to 
endure the climate. 
In sheer self-preservation New York has at 
last parsed a law punishing “ tramping ” with 
a year’s imprisonment; hut as it defines a 
tramp as a vagrant without any visible means 
of livelihood, farmers may expect a visitation 
of peddlers of trifles in the l agged guise of the 
old terror. 
Halesia tetraptera i6 very abundant 
among the mountains of western N. Carolina, 
where it has been in bloom for a fortnight. 
Our nurserymen deem this one of their finest, 
