423 
have a stock of about a million of apple seed¬ 
lings. Other stock about as usual. 
Dr. J. A. Warder of North Bend, Ohio read 
an excellent paper on “Propagation as De¬ 
pendent on the Similar Functions of Seeds 
and Buds.” This was followed by a paper 
from Isidor Bush, of Buahoerg, Mo., upon 
“The Influence of Phylloxera on American 
Grape-vines.” He stated that the phylloxera 
had been known torceuturles ea^t of the Rocky 
Mountains, and we have finally developed 
species of the vine which successfully resist 
its attacks. The others had been obliged to 
succumb, and wc had the “survival of the fit¬ 
test.” It may aggravate, but it does not pro¬ 
duce disease. European investigation proves 
this. For years the French objected to the 
introduction of American vines for stocks up¬ 
on which to graft their varieties, and it is the 
only hope of their vineyardists, as a European 
vine once attacked, never recovers; whereas 
the American vine is totally exempt from the 
ravages of the pest. 
Mr. C. D. Zimmerman of Buffalo, New 
York, then read a paper upon “Protection 
of Trees from Sun.” He thought this a 
very important subject as trees were more 
liable to be injured by the sun than by frost. 
Hethoughtin trimming our ,trees we should 
copy nature which keeps the branches on the 
trunk of the tree till the top is of sufficient 
size to afford some shade. This is especially 
true of the apple if we want long-lived trees. 
In the discussiou that followed Dr. Warder in¬ 
stanced one occasion when a thermometer 
moved from tlieshade, where itindicated a tem¬ 
perature below zero, to the sunlight, showed 
a temperature of SO deg: such extremes must 
be followed by bad results. Mr. Galusha, of 
III, had made extensive trips through the or¬ 
chards of the State and found no healthy ap¬ 
ple trees, except those with low heads. Con¬ 
siderable discussion followed, all corroborat¬ 
ing the sou ud ness of Mr. Zimmerman's views. 
Mr. Stickney related the ease of a consign¬ 
ment of trees which were shipped to Switzer¬ 
land the past season ; but which that govern¬ 
ment refused to admit withiu its bouudaries, 
fearing by so doing the dreaded phylloxera 
would be impo; ted. He was asked to present 
the case to this Association and procure its 
aid in enabling the purchaser to get his plants 
admitted by the Swiss government; accord- 
ingly he presented lfae following resolution 
which after some discussion was passed:— 
Resolved, that nursery stock of all species, 
including grape cuttings but excluding rooted 
vines of the grape, may be imported or ex¬ 
ported without any possible danger of trans¬ 
porting phylloxera therewith. 
Dr Warder then read a paper upon the Ash, 
which he regarded as one of our most valua¬ 
ble shade trees. The White Ash is the tree; 
but the Green Ash, which resemoles it very 
closely, is very desirable as a street tree, not 
being of so great a growth. Thu foliage is 
handsome aud the tree free from disease. 
testing new seeds, varieties, methods and fer¬ 
tilizers. The farmers are chiefly of Dutch or 
German descent and naturally conservative, but 
that does not prevent their being thoroughly 
wide-awake to discover whatever is likely to 
be of advantage to them as farmers. Of course, 
they are not all so; I simply mean they are as 
a body. I was more than ever convinced of 
this while in attendance last week, by invita- 
year’s make, well rotted, and drawn in August 
and September." I asked one of bis men if 
manure drawing didn’t get to be a trifle monot¬ 
onous, and he said it did. Four weeks' steady 
pull! It comes chiefly from 2,000 sheep, about 
50 hogs, 30 or 40 head of cattle, and 14 horses, 
and "consumes in its manufacture” the straw 
and chaff of over 200 acres of wheat, oats, bar¬ 
ley, etc., and 50 acres of fodder corn, be- 
will only pay a small percentage. This dog 
nuisance is an utter abomination here in Ohio, 
and is ruining one of our bestindnstries. Dogs 
seem on the increase, and our law& are defec¬ 
tive and insufficient. One fault is obvious:— 
Some counties keep almost no 6heep; but the 
surplus money from the dollar dog-tax doesnot 
go into a general State fund to be drawn on by 
counties where the local fund is entirely insuf¬ 
ficient to pay the immense damages to sheep. 
It is a serious thing for some men to be driven 
out of sheep husbandry. During the war, 
for example, Mr. Wales’s hired men were in the 
army except two who were too old and infirm, 
and he had little land under cultivation. But 
his clip one year from over 3,000 sheep brought 
him over $10,000, and he sold $2,000 worth of 
sheep, mostly “increase,” This is a neat little 
item of farm receipts! But now his flock is 
THE TETJTH ABOUT IT, 
uojeci oi articles under this heading is not so 
much to deal with “humbug*" as with the many un¬ 
conscious errors that creep into the methods of daily 
oountry routine life.—Ena.] 
KALE.—FIG. 223. 
sides hay and grain, all of which are saved . 
In winter the sheep are housed in several 
large, cheap, well-ventilated sheds, and are 
thoroughly bedded with straw and fed, as are 
the cattle, almost exclusively on fodder corn. 
This is sowed with a wheat drill with all the 
tubes running, cultivated only with the 
smoothing-harrow, cut with the reaper, cured 
thoroughly iu small, upright shocks, and, after 
three weeks or so, bound in bundles and put 
in shocks of thirty or forty bundles, and drawn 
from the field to the feed cutter as needed 
in winter. This cutter i6 run by steam and 
has an elevator attached, like the “stacker" of 
a thrashing machine, that carries the chaffed 
feed and dumps-lt Into either of two Immense, 
tall, steaming tanks or casks. As it passes 
along this elevator, it is uniformly mixed with 
meal or middlings sifted on to It from a wedge- 
shaped bio above, that holds a day’s feed and 
just empties itself iu the time it takes to cut 
the day's feed of fodder corn. One tank is 
filled and steamed while the other is fed out. 
Wagons are driven beneath the tanks and filled 
with almost no labor, and the feed is drawn to 
the several sheep sheds aud cattle stables and 
fed in racks and mangers adapted to this kind 
of feed. Mr. Wales believes the fodder thus 
cured is quite as good as aud far cheaper than 
ensilage pul up lu silos. It brings the labor of 
drawing, cutting, etc., at a season when there 
is little other farm labor, aud saves the immense 
expense of silos for such large quantities. He 
says the fodder keeps perfectly in the field, 
and the only drawback is a “soft winter” when 
the teaming is, of course, heavy. When there 
horticultural society. It was evident from 
the fine display of fruits of the season, iu the 
clear aud prompt reports ou the future outlook, 
and iu the essays and speeches. 
My ride and drive, too, through the county, 
going by one route and returning by another, 
impressed me more than ever with the general 
excellence of the farmers and farming. I know 
it is a remarkable wheat year, the fourth In 
succession, but such wheat I think I never 
saw so large an acreage and so immense a 
stand. I had my eyes open for fifty miles or 
so through the country, ou cars and in car¬ 
riages, and do not recall a single field that was 
poor; notone, I think, that would not prob¬ 
ably yield twenty bushels per acre. II there 
are such fields they lie back from the roads 
aud railroads. C 
from Massillon to Canton, a 
DRILLING FERTILIZERS WITH THE SEED 
Perhaps there 
is no other question that 
more often comes up for discussion or con¬ 
sideration than that relating to the use of fer¬ 
tilizers. There are differences of opinion on 
this question, which I believe occur from a 
habit of looking at it from different points of 
view. Now, 1 think it is a fact that the tes¬ 
timony that may be gathered from those who 
have practiced artificial fertilizing and the 
use of manures in the hill or drill, will be in 
favor of the practice in a very large majority 
of instances, if not universally ; and that, if a 
difference of opinion exists on the point, the 
adverse opinion will be held by those who 
have not carefully considered the points I 
wish here to present. The truth is that iu 
fertilizing we are simply feeding—that in 
using artificial fertilizers or manure in the 
drill or hill, we feed the young and tender 
plant; and in broadcast manuring we are feed¬ 
ing the growing and vigorous plant; that a 
young plant, as a young animal, requires the 
most easily digested food (euch as artificial 
fertilizers.), while a vigorously growiug one is 
able to consume and digest coarser matter, 
as barnyard manure; that a youug plant is 
The eveuing of the last day was devoted to 
New Fruit*. 
Mr. Woodward, of N. Y. stated that the Niag¬ 
ara would probably be introduced in the fall 
of ’81 or the Spring of ’82. He was satisfied 
it was the vineyard white grape. All the stock 
is iu viueyards cxeept what is growiug ibis 
year. If possible there will be no hum bug¬ 
gery. By a simple process every vine will be 
sent out under seal. Ii is being tested In Mich. 
Canada, Vine Valley N. Y., and Mass. Mr. 
Peffer said the De Soto plum did well iu the 
Northwest, being hardy, prolific aud an early 
bearer. Mr. Moody spoke highly of the Manu 
apple which was growa largely iu Niagara 
Co., N. Y. and was now oeing tested in various 
parts of the country. 
After hearing ibe report of the Committee 
on Final Resolutions, the meeting then ad¬ 
journed to meet next year at Dayton, Ohio. 
H. T. j. 
On the splendid carriage road 
distance of eight 
miles, I should judge the average yield of all 
the fields iu plain sight would be 30 bushels 
per acre. That was the opinion of other good 
judges also. Other crops, too, look fine, 
though the grass is a little below the average. 
The fertility of the soil is kept up by the free 
use of lime, plaster, clover aud barnyard man¬ 
ure. Hence the area under the plow can be 
and is large. The fields, too, are large—not 
large for Dakota or Arkansas, but for Ohio. 
They are olten purposely divided to facilitate 
rotatiou and the pasturage of clover. Still 
they are large enough to turn a self-biuder in. 
Take, for example, the fine farm of Hon. 
Arvine C. Wales, of Massillon, with whom I 
spent the night and of whose farm I can there¬ 
fore speak more clearly. In front of his house 
lie6 a wheat field of 00 acres iu one “ chuuk,” 
and he has two more, making 130 in all for this 
year. Next year he will put out considerably 
more. The sixty-acre field has highway on 
three sides and a laue on the fourth, aud we 
drove eutirely arouud it behind his thorough¬ 
bred mares. The stand of wheat was so mag¬ 
nificent—yes, that Is the word—that I could uot 
resist the temptation to got out of the carriage 
several times aud go into the field a few feet to 
sec if it really stood as thick as it seemed to do. 
It is of the Fultz variety, which seems to yield 
bestou the gravelly loam of Stark county. I 
could judge bettei of the yield of Clawsou, but 
should find it at 85 bushels per acre, and Mr. 
Wales estimated it at the same, I asked him 
how he got such a stand over the whole field. 
“Why, I manured the whole field.” “How 
rnauy loads in all ?” “Fourteen hundred, the 
little waj off, may be just beyond its reach at 
the time when it is most required j that a 
strong, vigorous infancy and youth will sup¬ 
ply a constitution which will resist much later 
hardships, under which a weak plant (or an¬ 
imal) would quickly succumb. 
Now, after this explanation, let us follow 
a seeding placed in a drill wi'h some ac¬ 
tive fertilizer and another drilled in up¬ 
on land that has been manured broadcast, 
la the former case the seeds sprout and the 
young rootlets—let us suppose them to be po¬ 
tatoes, wbeat, corn, or any other crop; It is 
the same for all—at the instant they emerge 
from the seed seek food from the soil, and fiud 
precisely what they want, which is phosphoric 
acid chiefly, at this stage; but be this so or 
otherwise, they have a perfect food withiu 
reach, soluble and ready for instant and per¬ 
fect absorption, digestion and assimilation, 
because it is iu precisely the form required] 
that is, mineralized aud soluble. The roots 
WESTERN FARMING.—VIII 
W. 1. CHAMBERLAIN 
Stark County, Ohio, 
i think I have mentioned this couuty in 
these columns as one of the best in the State. 
Its soil and climate are admirable, and Its farm¬ 
ers are shrewd and diligent agriculturists and 
horticulturists. It lies south of Summit, my 
own couuty, south of the lower liue of the 
Western Reserve, a»>d south, therefore, of the 
droughty region mentioned iu my last. It al¬ 
most always has abundant rains, sometimes 
almost too abundant just beiorc and during 
harvest. Just now. for Instance, a heavy, 
sweeping storm would lodge thousands of 
acres of wheat already so heavy that it can 
hardly stand up even nndur a light shower. I 
said the farmers were shrewd and diligent. 
Under the first adjective I intended to class 
agricultural intelligence, research, reading, 
