472 
THE 
UEW-YORKEB. 
JULY 24 
,ywu iuuuiuo, 
1 ou turf no© aud harrowed m..... 6w. o 
Insoluble., 
Potabh, 
breed# of cattle, and well worthy of importa¬ 
tion. 
- +-*-+ -- 
Flrttt-Class English Mutton Sheep. 
Ag sheep of this class are annually becoming 
of greater consideration to the farmers of the 
United States, we will give a few notes made 
upon them at the late exhibition of the Bath 
and West of England Society. The South 
Downs are regarded as the most hardy, active 
and industrious in getting a good living on 
scanty herbage, aud are the best suited for 
hilly lands. Their mutton and wool are of first 
quality. 
The Hampshire Downs are characterized as 
a coarser edition of the South Down. 
The Shropshire Downs are larger and more 
prolific, yet require better pasture than the 
South Down, and are not of so symmetrical a 
form. Their yield of mutton and wool is 
greater, but neither is of go good a (quality. 
Oxfordshire Dowus are the largest of the 
Down tribe; give wool of a longer staple than 
that of the otuers, aud mutton quite equal to 
the best, save that of the Soulh Downs. They 
are of fine form, hardy, thrifty and prolific. 
Crosses of Polled Angus Cattle on Tex¬ 
an cows are highly spoken of, on account of 
the great haidiboodof their progeny, the su¬ 
perior quality of their beef, and the absence of 
horns which tends to render them quietfeeders, 
besides doing away with all risk of Injury to 
their companions from goring, and maxing it 
much easier to ship them without injury over 
long distances. As yet, only a few bulls of 
this fine breed have been introduced into the 
West or Southwest; but it is highly probable 
that the excellent results produced by such 
crosses, especially when continued for two oi 
three removes from the common stock, will 
make the Polled Angus a favorite in all the 
great cattle raising sections. 
scientific anil Useful. 
NEW JERSEY AGRICULTURAL EXPERI¬ 
MENT STATION.-4. 
The commercial fertilizers, 60 much used by 
farmers, are estimated in value for their chem¬ 
ical composition, which is ascertained by an¬ 
alysis. The following analyses and estimates 
have been made’from samples sent to the Sta¬ 
tion by different farmers and dealers in the 
State. The study of these results may prove 
to be of much interest to farmers. 
Guanos. —The following analyses show the 
great variation in thecomposition and value of 
some of the natural and artificial fertilizers 
which were sold uuder this name. 
alyses of samples which have been sent to the 
Station for examination. 
iTsf~l a >5 ►c 25 ' 
t : o p h* 
press purpose of drinking goat’s milk drawn 
fresh from the udder. In addition to the 
cheese and milk, the fleeces of wool, or, more 
properly, hair, shorn from a choice breed of 
goats are of considerable value. Dnring the 
first four months of this year 4.934,443 pounds 
of goats’ hair were Imported into England, 
valued at £ 407 , 797 —equivalent to about $2,- 
000.000 of our money. This would be within a 
fraction of 40 cents per pound, about the aver¬ 
age price of good sheeps’ wool. 
Prom the First Report of the Cornell Univer¬ 
sity Experiment Station (1879-80) we take the 
following interesting items from the report of 
Prof. I. P. Roberts: 
I. 
Wheat—D rFFERENT Fertilizers. 1874-5. 
Plots one acre in size. 
Yield. 
Treatment. Pounds 
32 Phosphate, manufactured by More Phil¬ 
lips, Camden ; sent by Wm. B. Cooper. Cam¬ 
den ; in good condition. 
16. Star bone phosphate, manufactured by 
J. E. Tygert & Co., Philadelphia; sampled 
from stock of Garretson <fc Bowuo, New Bruns¬ 
wick : in good condition. 
19 U. S. phosphate, manufactured by Les¬ 
ter Brothers, Newark; sent by John C. Tatum, 
Woodbury, Gloucester Co.; condition good. 
S. High grade superphosphate, manufac¬ 
tured by Farmers’ Bone and Fertilizing Co., 
Philadelphia; sent by S. J. Dubois, Daretowc, 
Salem Co.; in good condition. 
18. Sallfied 6uper-ph<>8pbate, manufactured 
by N. Y. Sup. Phos. Works; sampled from 
stock of Garretson & BowDe, New Brunswick. 
21. Twenty-five dollar phosphate, manufac¬ 
tured by Baugh & Son, Philadelphia; sent by 
Wm. R. Hancock, of Columbus, Bur. Co.; 
good condition. 
Fertilizers, Names not Significant. —In 
this group are iucluded several manures, sold 
uuder arbitrary names, which have been sent 
for analysis: 
Nitrogen as ammonia. 
“ iuoivaaio matter 
Phosphoric aola, soluble ... 
10 
18 
23 
27 
0.81 
: 
4.83 
2.16 
1.66 
1.99 
6.87 
1.79 
4 6 1 
8.00 
1.82 
6.63 
3.20 
1.28 
1.81 
6.96 
7.78 
1 61 
6 20 
3.85 
1.86 
1.00 
17. Peruvian Guano No. 1. Sampled from 
stock of Garretson & Bowne, New Brunswick 
—fine and dry; a good sample of Peruvian 
guano. 
20. Peruvian guano.—From stock of G. F. 
Doughton, Moorestown, sent by S. L. Roberts, 
Hartford, N. J.—Fine, but caked. It was pe- 
cuiiir in containing only three per cent, of 
moisture, but it contained about 25 per cent, of 
common salt. 
14. Manhattan blood guano. Sampled from 
stock of Garretson & Bowne, New Brunswick. 
This artificial guano is uniformly in excellent 
condition. 
7. Marine guano, sent by Wm. S. Taylor, of 
Burlington, and sold by J- J. Allen’s Sons, 
Philadelphia. 
11. Marine guano, sent by G. T. Hamee, of 
Haddenfield, and sold by J. J. Allen’s Son’s, 
Philadelphia- Both these samples were in good 
condition and are manufactured articles. 
26. Eastern islaud fish guano, sent by Sam¬ 
uel L. Burrougb, MerchanLvillc, from the 
stock of Wiisou Fitzgerald & Co., Camden. 
This sample contains nearly 40 per cent, of 
sulphate of lime, which possibly was used as 
a drier. 
Superphosphates.— The following are an¬ 
Cost per ton..$45 oo 93s 00 930 uo S30 00 
Estimated val®#..948 44 $40 yi 93 ; 11 92088 
10. StockHridge manure for corn, manufac¬ 
tured by Bowker Fert. Co., Boston & New 
York, Sampled by T. S. Evans, from stock of 
Garretson <fc Bowne. New Brunswick. 
13. Mapea’ complete fertilizer, A., manufac¬ 
tured by -Mapes Formula aud Peruvian Guano 
Co., N, Y. Sampled from slock of Elias Run¬ 
yon’s Sons, New Brunswick. 
23. Phuine, manufactured by Moro Phillips, 
Camden; sent by Wm. B. Cooper, Camden. 
27. Economical, manufactured by Baugh <K 
Sou, Philadelphia; sent by J. G. Whitall, 
Woodbury, Gloucester Co. 
Geo. H. Cook, Director. 
New Brunswick, July 8,1S80. 
HUsaUaittmts. 
Cuzco Corn. 
I am of opinion that this is the same kind of 
corn that was sent to me from Peru, about the 
year 1847. aud samples of which I distributed 
amoDg my friends lor trial, from New York as 
far south as Florida. It had au immense 
growth of stalk. In New York it shot up 18 
or 20 feet high ; far south, if I mistake not, 
25 10 SO feet high, according to the richness of 
the land. But in neither locality did it pro¬ 
duce a single ripe ear—at the North, iu fact, 
it did not ear at all; while at the South, a few 
abortive cars were formed, but so high up the 
stalk that my filends humorously wrote me 
they had to get a tall ladder to place against 
the stalks in order to pluck these ears. 
A. B. Allen. 
(As we have already 6tated, we tried this 
“Cuzco ” corn several years ago. There was no 
appearance of “sets" when frosts occurred. 
That this corn should be advertised here in the 
North as something wonderful aud that such 
advertisements should be permitted to pass 
without editorial comment, are all there is 
“ wonderful ’’ about it.—Eds.] 
WHAT OTHERS SAY. 
Advantage of Breeding Goats.— Mr. A. 
B. Allen writes as follows in the N. Y. Tribune: 
There are thousands of acres of poor, stony, 
hilly aud rocky mountain land in the United 
Btates, which can never be cultivated to any 
profit; but if not wanted for the growth of 
wood and timber, it might be made to yield a 
fair income, if stocked with a good breed of 
well-fleeced and large milking goats. The 
cheese made from such brings an extra-high 
price, and the milk is very beneficial, daily 
used, to those who are afflicted with certain 
complaints. Many persons resort to the moun¬ 
tains of Switzerland every summer for the ex- 
B'dcast. 
bu. lbs. 
£-2 80 
oa surf are) cost 1ft oeut* i>tsr budbel06I.5 
3. 200 pound:! Ralston's Bupcrpho.phate, drilled 
with wheat.......... 603 
4 . 200 pound# Woodruff & Cbiuahorlain’s super- 
phosphate, drilled with wheat..,...048-° 
6 Nothing.....441.6 
6. 2O0o pounds Phillips's Improved superpnos- 
nnate, drilled with wheat. 
The season was poor aud the Winter severe, 
and many pieces of wheat were plowed up. 
The soil was clayey: the clover and Timothy 
sod was plowed In July; the seed (Clawson) 
was drilled September 8 and 9. Land in fine 
order. AU the plots were sowed to Timothy a 
few days atter the wheat was sowed. The 
great injury to wheat which occurred in March 
permitted the Timothy to make a very rank 
growth, especially on plot No. 1, where farm 
manures were applied; from this fact the yield 
of No. 1 was diminished far more than any 
other. The increased growth of the grass on 
this plot over the others was very noticeable 
the next year. 
IV. 
Wheat—Different Methods of Seeding 
and Manuring. 1875*6.—The field and ar¬ 
rangement of plots were the same as In I. 
Treatment. Yield. 
bu. lbs. 
1. Drilled, 2 bushels, 2 bushels plaster-- 22 
2 2 “ no fertilizer. 20 4u 
o* »« o '* ‘* 18 40 
V 2 “ 200 lbs. superphosphate, 23 B0 
V « O «« •• •• 28 So 
fi* •< Q 26 11 ° “ 21 15 
« 2 “ “ 21 - 
8. ’ Broadcast, 2 bushels, u “ ?}! 
9. Drilled, 1.5 ” “ [I .§ “ 
* Protected by fence and enow. 
V. 
Germinating Power of Old Wheat. 1874. 
—Two hundred varieties from the museum, 
which had been five years from England, were 
sowed and all failed to germinate- These va¬ 
rieties bad been kept unthrashed in the mu¬ 
seum under the most favorable circumstances. 
IX. 
Wheat—Summary of Results. 
DRILLED AND BROADCAST SOWING. 
Drilled. B’dcast. 
bu. lbs. bu. lbs. 
1876; :: . . 21 - is so 
1877. 25 80 24 45 
1878.::.::..":...: .« 22 
AT6rftg"6.. . . 23 21 66)4 
THIOK ASiD THIN SEEDING 
cant row. All manures, unless otherwise stated, 
were dropped In the hill and mixed with the 
soil. 
I. 
Corn.—Different Culture, Liming, Suck- 
brtng 1875.—Plots 1 to 13 inclusive were 
planted with Eastern, 8-rowed, yellow corn. 
In 1874 the ground was in corn, without man¬ 
ure, and in 1872 and 1873 in clover and Timo¬ 
thy. The soil was a sandy loam. 
Yield lbs. 
per plot. Yield. 
Treatment. Sound. Soft, bu, lbs. 
1 . Ridge culture.. 852 66 68 10 
2. Deep “ . 290 19>$ 44 16 
8. Shallow “ .824 43>s o2 
4. Continuous culture. 7 times.. 862 22 54 60 
6. Dril>d culture, 1 stalk per ft. 365H 18 64 55 
8. 6 stalks in a hill....80® 29 56 60 
7. 4 stalks in a hill...4S8 44 bS 6<J 
8. Setatks In a hill....30l)tf 127 81 lo 
8. 8 Bulks in a hill.. 2bb 49 4o — 
111 . Not limed Eastern variety... 3SS 61 6S 10 
11 . LinieJ7»»o bushels per acre... 493 67 .8 40 
la. Not suckered. 388 60 6a So 
18. Snckeredtwice.....— 3*6 42 . 49 50 
14. Not limed, Western variety, .not fully npe. 48 6o 
15. 200 bu. lime, Western variety " "7 bo 
Corn.—Different Seeding, Culture and 
Manuring. 1870.—The soil was very sandy 
and gravelly, and suffered from drought. 
Four stalks were left in each bill, unless other¬ 
wise specified; the hills were 3 5 feet apart 
both ways. The corn was cultivated four 
times and hoed once. 
Yield. 
Treatment- bu. lbs. 
I. 6 stalks per bill. 41 10 
o a •• •* .. 42 20 
•• •< .42 20 
4 2 •• •* 34 20 
6: 2 spoonfuls plaster" to hill applied June 6, 
6. Not plastered.•. ™ |0 
7. Suckered.... in 
6. Not suckered......; sa lu 
9. Seed soaked two nours in hot water and 
rolled In plaster .41 60 
10. Seed from Ui>s of ear:*. S 
II. *• *• butts oT ears.29 10 
IS. " “ middle of cars.... ..« ™ 
is. 600 pounds Ralston's superphosphate ...... 38 20 
14. 500 “ Peterson S bi/n a superphosp t«. 34 20 
15 NotUtnjr , .... . 3£> oU 
iei 60O pounds Bradley’s superphosphate.87 10 
17. Plaster applied Junes.......... 53 iz 
18. Aahes,8 spoonfuls per hill, June .. jg 30 
0^2 « « “ JU 
S3.’ 2 spoonfuls plaster! juiie 6 . 35 30 
is! Seei^ao^keu^’iw^s Mid rolled in pla’aier. 40 40 
26. snckered ..28 40 
27. Notsuckcrod......S® 
29. “ “ butte of ears. 40 4u 
R0. 2 spoonfuls awhe», June 5 . » 
81. » •• plaster and ashes .--37 ou 
H2. PeteTson Jc Sou’s anperphosp’te, same as 14 34 20 
83. Nothing-. in 
W. Brndley's au per phosphate, same as lb.40 
86. Ralston’s superphosphate, same as 18 ...... 84 60 
87. Cayuga plaster, applied in hill, unsoaked ^ 
M o - 
4u. Western oorn, no fertilizer.. 34 60 
Many of the preceding plots are duplicates, 
in order to make allowance for variation in soil. 
, atekage of duplicates. 
bu. ibe. 
1 year, 8H bushels. 2U 6o 
4 years, 8 - .. . % 
2 “ and2>4 bushels...... . 18 22H 
3 " ay’rs Ik bunhalsand 1 yearlji busn, lo 2o 
1 " bushel (protected by fenc« and 
snow, hence cannot be fairly compared 
..4“ _ 
Comparieon of all plots pho^phated for four 
years with adjoining plots on which no fertil¬ 
izers were used. 
OU. IDS. 
Average of, all phosphatea plots............ ... 23 
•• ‘ adjoining unfertilized plots..... 22 3a 
Phosphates do not seem to produce marked 
results on pine and hemlock lands of drift for¬ 
mation ; results upon similar soils in other lo¬ 
calities sustain us In this inference from our 
experiments. On maple and beach lands of a 
different formation they have produced marked 
results. 
Comparison of all plots plastered for three 
years with adjoining plots unplastered. 
bu. lbs. 
Plastered, average.. 24 8854 
Not plastered, average.* 8 
Comparison of plots hoed for two years with 
adjoiuing plots not hoed. 
bu. lbs. 
Hoed. is W 
Not .. 23 1,1 
It must be remembered that while the plots 
were of the same size, there were twice as 
many drill marks in the plots not hoed as in 
the hoed, and consequently twice ub much 
seed upon these plots. 
V. 
Oat —Summary of Results.— 
avebages of thick and thin seeding fob four 
YEABS, 
bu. lbs. 
6 peaks per acre....,...,...3® jjj! 
7 aud 8 pecks per acre.*t *a 
}<; - *• ... 42 81 
Two years’ average of all plots treated with 
commercial fexilllzers. “> 2 
Two years’ average of uiunanured plots.80 •1{'6 
Broadcast, 2 years.81 lb 
Drilled,2years... £8 -• 
Subsoiled, 2 years . 46 19 
NotsubsodeU, 2 years.48 
C. 
Experiments with Corn. —All quantities, 
unless otherwise designated, relate to the acre, 
and, as to the crop, relate to bushels and pounds 
of ears, 70 pounds of ears being allowed to the 
bushel. AU plots were separated by one va- 
Yield 
bu. lbs. 
Piots and Treatment bu. 
Nos. 1 and 19. 6 stalks... ..4JJ 
“ 3 and 21,8 “ . 
' ■ 6, 23 and 17. plaster on hill. • • 
“ 6 and 24, no plsy-te.r..J" 
“ 7 and 26, »uAcred . v .— S 
‘ 8 and 27. not *u< ker>«d... .... ..... f 
•' 9 and 26. seed ru* kea and rolled in planter 4 
11 and 29, ** butts..24 
<• 12 '• middle. .....bj 
“ i:i and 36, Ralston’s superphosphate. .. ■ ■ So 
“ 14 and 82, Peterson « Son’s superphosp te 34 
•• 16 and 34, Bradley’s superphosphate. 80 
** 2, 8. 16, 24, 27,83, 36, nothing. 20 
Corn—Stockbridge Fertilizer, 1875.— 
The soil was clayey. In 1873 the land pro 
duced wheat, no manure being used, and In 
1874 clover and Timpthy, mowed for bay in 
June and for seed In September; In 1875 it was 
mowed for hay twice. It was plowed in Sep¬ 
tember, 1875, and replowed May S3, 1876. 
A plot numbered 3. of .25 of an acre, receiv¬ 
ed a dressing of 180 pounds of Stockbridge 
corn manure, said to contain 16 pounds of 
nitrogen, 19.5 pounds of potash, 7.75 pounds of 
soluble phosphoric acid, aud costing $6 25; it 
was claimed that this quantity applied to a 
quarter of an acre would produce 12 5 bushels 
more than the natural yield. On the two sides 
of this plot were plots of one-eighth of an acre, 
numbered 1 and 8, which were unfertilized. 
The fertilizer was sowed broadcast after 
plowing, and harrowed three times before 
planting. Plot No. 2 contained 1,102 hills, and 
yielded 1,070.5 pounds of com in the ear, all 
of which are good and sound. Plots Nos. 1 and 
S contained the same number of hills, were 
planted, husked and weighed at the same time 
as No. 8, and weighed 1071.25 pounds. This 
also was sound, but not of as good quality nor 
as highly colored as that of No. 2. The stalks 
on No. 2 were perceptibly larger than on Nos. 
1 and 8, and all through the season had a dark¬ 
er and more luxuriant color. 
Corn—Summary ot Results.— 
Comparison of all plots phospbated, for three 
years, with adjoining plots on which no fer¬ 
tilizers were used. 
bu. lbs. 
Phosphated, average.43 10 
No fertilizer, '* 40 5i> 
Comparison of all plots plastered, for three 
years, with adjoining plots not plastered. 
bu. lbs 
Plastered, averago. ..45 
Not plastered, average... -9 
Comparison of all plots suckcred. for three 
years, with adjoiuing plots not suckered. 
bu. lbs. 
Suckered, average.46 <H 
Not suckered, average. 47 86 
