498 
TUI 
MEW-YOBIif?. 
JULY 34 
pairing for f|r JJomig. 
TALK ON BOTANY.—NO. 5. 
UNCLE MAKE. 
very often And a small accessory bud on each side 
of tlie true axillary hud. Again, In other plants 
their position Is not so regular, but they may ap¬ 
pear above the axil as In figure 246. where l Is the 
leaf-scar, e the proper axillary bud and a, a, large 
accessory buds. 
Hud-Scale*. 
Buds. 
T n our last talk we spoke of nodes, lnternodea 
and phytons We found that the places whore 
the leaves appear on the stem are called nodes; 
that the smooth pieces of stem between the nodes 
are called Internodes; that the Internode wtth Its 
node on top, has received the somewhat technical 
name of pbyton, and that all plants thus, lu reali¬ 
ty, are made up of phytODS, one placed above 
another. There Is still something more about the 
stem of wlilch nothing has been said so far, and 
from the heading you have already guessed that I 
mean the buds. 
Of course, you all know what a bud Is, you have 
seen buds many and many a time, and see them 
every day. In the spring of the year, particularly, 
do the buds on all trees and shrubs engage our 
attention. They are “ huds of promise” and we 
anxiously watch them day after day as they 
gradually swell to larger proportions and at last 
develop green leaves or flowers. There are 
Two Kind* of Buds, 
leal-buds aud flower-buds. The leaf-bud always 
develops Into a stem or branch, and the flower-bud 
gives birth to a flower. A bud, then, may be de¬ 
fined to be an undeveloped stem. " But,” I bear 
some or you say, “a flower is not a stem, hence 
your definition ts not a good one. It does not In¬ 
clude flower-buds.” 1 will say to those who make 
this objection, that botanlcally, a flower may be 
considered as corresponding to a stem, the parts 
of the flower answe ring to leaves. 
Some buds are naked, that Is, they are not pro¬ 
tected by a special envelope, and others are pro¬ 
vided with scales for their protection, In which 
case they are called scaly buds. Bud-scales are 
considered to be a modification of the leaves, and 
their arrangement correspond with that of the 
leaves. As a further protection, a sticky, resinous 
substance is sometimes exuded from the bud, as 
seen In the horse-chestnut. Like the leaves, the 
hud-scales leave scars on the stem when they fall 
off In the Spring, and these scars mark the start¬ 
ing point of the new growth, and thus enables the 
observer to trace the growth back for several 
years; the maple, poplar, and beech are examples. 
More might be said about buds, but this lesson 
Is long enough and I will close. 
- +~*~+ - 
THE FOURTH OF JULY AS A MOVABLE 
FEAST. 
There Is nothing certain In this world hut un¬ 
certainty, that's a sure Iblug. Ever since 1 was a 
boy this great holiday has been erratic and liiu- 
siouary. In my early days It never came soon 
enough, and always went off too soon. It came 
on a Monday, a Tuesday, a Wednesday, a Thurs¬ 
day, and then torpedo like Jumped over to Satur¬ 
day. Then It often comes on Sunday. \\ hat a 
day for the 4th! and what an Idea! It also 
comes on ihe tturd of the month, and on the fifth, 
hut that 1 can accouut for, It's an endeavor to 
make up for coming on Sunday. If we add to¬ 
gether the third and the firth, we have eight, 
which divided by two, gives us two fourths In one 
year, besides the one on Sunday which makes 
three-quarters of the 4th or July at once. (For 
the edification of my young readers l may 
lncldently note that this Is an example ot meta¬ 
physics, a very abstruse branch of the tine arts.) 
One quarter ot the population of this Slate 
of Nebraska, In this year of grace, last), celebrated 
the day on the third, three-quarters celebrated It 
on the film, and the whole population (1. e. all ibe 
little boys celebrated it.on the 4th. Sunday, which 
being always a broken day here, was this year near¬ 
ly ruined, as there was nothing but cracks and 
crackers to be seen and heard all day (the boys 
were all hid In the smoke). The latest news 
received here through the kindness of the Rural 
New-Yorker, has satisfied our boys that there Is 
a better place than “ llome, Sweet Home,” as that 
paper solemnly Informs us that lu New York, the 
4th of July came on the loth and "stopped the 
paper,” It must have been a "whopper,” (I mean 
the 4th of July tlume was a wuopper) or It 
must have got crossways, our Rural, came three 
days after time, and by the application ot the 
aforesaid metaphysics to Ihe subject, we are sat¬ 
isfied that, in New York this year’, the great and 
glorious day occurred there on the 3d, 4th, 5ih. 7 th 
and lOLh, aud now all the boys here want to know 
wu.it, the fare to New York Is Dy the last line, and 
the price of crackers (aud cheese of course). There 
w ill certainly be an eruption of our juvenile Goths 
and Vandals upon your city next year. 
Bodge co., Nebraska, a. Rufus Mason. 
-♦+«- 
in some respects a bud la very similar to a seed. 
Like the seed, the bu 1 may remain dormant for a 
period of time, and then under lavorable condi¬ 
tions spring Into activity. The bud contains a 
rudimentary stem, which is also the case with the 
seed. The seed when put In the ground, will de¬ 
velop Into a plant, and so also may the huds of 
maoy plants be planted, especially if a little wood 
adheres to them, as with cuttings, or they may be 
transferred from one tree to another, of which 
budding Is an example. The seed carries with It 
certain characteristics which will appear In the 
plant grown from It, as to the character of the 
fruit, tor Instance. The bud has also fixed traits 
which will reappear in the plant developed from 
It. The parallel might be lengthened, but this Is 
enough to show now very similar a bud and a seed 
are m their functions. There are, however, also 
dissimilarities, and conspicuous among these 
stands that of origin. The seed ts the result of a 
flower. It Is formed by the most Intricate process 
and by the moat delicate organs of the plant, while 
the bud is merely an outgrowth of the stem, caused 
hy the accumulation of sap. No plant can form 
seed without gulag throngh the process of flower¬ 
ing and fertilization, while In many plants you 
can cause buds to appear almost anywhere on the 
stem, at win. Buds have been classified according 
to the position they occupy upon the stem. We 
will first speak of the 
Terminal Bud. 
This bud is always found at the end of a stem or 
branch, and lu many plants It is much larger than 
the other huds and therefore very conspicuous. 
Figure 247 represents a twig of a norse-chestnut 
after tue leaves are fallen, with the terminal bud 
at the end. Many palms and other plants do not 
brauchatall, but the stem Is continually devel¬ 
oped from a terminal bud. It has received Its 
name from Its position at the terminus or end of 
the stem. In the axil ol the leaf, or the corner 
formed by the stem ana leaf-stalk, and Just above 
the latter, Is always found one or more buds. 
These buds from their position are called 
Axillary Buds. 
LETTERS FROM THE COUSINS. 
Electric Lights, or Light* from Shadow-Lund. 
Dear Uncle Mark I am a brother of Wlll-’o- 
the w tsp, and we all enjoy his letters so much. 
We are a large family aud all *• children of 
light," tnougn not related to the suu and the 
moon, our father is Electricity. He Is called 
Thunder and Lightning, because he makes a noise 
wneu a cloud rises in the norlzon of ills domestic 
peace. Our mother Is Phosphora and she sheds a 
gentle llgnt on all in dark places, l have a sister, 
MoilusOtt (who shines upon the face of dark 
waters), we call her Molhe for short. Another 
sister, Aurora-Bore-A Uce, is like our father, Elec¬ 
tricity. My oldest brother. Ignis Fatuus, has a 
boy who Is called Fire Fly. My brother, Jack-a- 
Lantern, is also a Jack-ot-all-trades. Their inter¬ 
est Is excited by Will’s letters, aud 1 thlukyou will 
hear from each of them. 1 think 1 can account for 
Will’s silence. Here is a letter from his little girl 
to my mother. 
" My own dear Ganma: - We Is just got a new 
baby. One big Injun man lost It an my papa 
found It. may be. My papa says It Is a papoose. 
I wls its ole squaw mammy wood turn and get It, 
so mammy eood get tune to comb my hair; it looks 
like a wab’s nest and my face Is Just like I d took 
dinner wid de little pigs. My mammy does not 
love me much now, and I must be very still all de 
time. My papa is not got time to rite. I love yoo, 
Ganma, and twled about, your hurt arm. l made 
yoo a soli cooahion to sit on when yoo cums from 
Weglnny. My mamma say what must she call 
de baby; Its a little girl wld black hair an eyes, 
and wld bans and little nose and feets. Good-bye, 
Ganma. Janneta.” 
Will some ot the Rural cousins please sug¬ 
gest a name for the new baby ? Wlll-o-the-Wlsp 
has wandered far, bull hope he Las not led any 
astray by his mysterious light in the swamps 
of Lopez, l wish to Join the Horticultural Club. I 
have a water-melon patch and work in the garden 
when 1 have time. My mother was tying up her 
grape-vines and fell and broke her arm. It has 
In the twig of the horse chestnut, figure 247, 
these axillary buds are also shown Just above the 
scar that marks where the leaf was attached. If 
more than one bud appears In the axil of a leaf, 
the extra ones are called 
Accessory Bud*. 
They are often found on the cherry, honey¬ 
suckle, maple and others. On the grapevine we 
been nine weeks smoe, and sue has no use of It yet, 
and cannot attend to her garden. I clerk In my 
father’s store and am trying to learn to do every¬ 
thing. 1 have been palming some on the house. 
Men passing say 1 paint very well. I am the 
youngest child ot this family, and my sister calls 
me "Baby,” but I am fourteen years old and nil 
the place of a man. Jack can telegraph, engineer, 
tan leather, clerk, hoe corn and make batter cakes 
and coffee. He Is two years older than I. But 
this is enough about “ our folks.” Fox Fire. 
Big spring Depot, Va. 
abhtlj flailing 
* 
Dear Uncle Mark : — I wish to join the Horticul¬ 
tural Club. Uncle Fox says he Is going to join. 
Aunt Mollle says I like flowers better than any 
little boy she ever saw. I stay with her now, but 
my home Is at Lafayette. She has so many flow¬ 
ers. I gather seeds and put them In match boxes 
and write the name on the outside. Aunt Mollle 
cuts the seed stocks off before the balls burst and 
lays them on a newspaper. When the balls open 
she takes the bunch of stocks up In her hand, 
knocks on them gently and the seed all rattle 
down clean without any trash In them. She opens 
envelopes on the end always and saves her paper 
wrappers, so she has lots of bags to put seed In. 
1 do that way, too. I gather morning-glories every 
mornlDg and run a stem through them till they 
look like a lady fires Bed up with white skirts with 
blue and pink ruffles and red overskirt. I stick a 
snow-drop or pea on for a head. Hollyhocks make 
pretty gli - l3 to play" Fourth ot July” with. My 
cousin, "Glow Worn,” Is here to play with me. 
We have eo much fun with the rabbits. When old 
"Mollle Cotton Tall’’leaves her neat we get out 
the Httle sleek fellows and try io feed them, but 
they start off walking with their two hind legs at 
once, Just like a see-saw. There are six with their 
eyes just open. There are so many swallows here 
we call It “ Swallow’s Home." Glow Worm and I 
pick up the young birds and feed them. We Bet 
them on a twig, get a worm, and make a circle 
quickly over the bird with the hand, and It opens 
Its mouih and we put. In the worm. Fire Flt. 
Reed Island, Va. 
Dear Uncle Mark:— I have been thinking for 
some time of writing and thanking you for those 
nice seeds. They are up and some of them budded 
to bloom. The okra looks nice; I never raised 
any before. What has become of all the cousins? 
It can't be they have forgotten old friends, or have 
they adopted new nom de plumes, bo that we may 
notrecognlze them ? We were quite disappointed 
In not getting seed of the " Dutchman’s pipe.” 
Can they be bought anywhere? The magnolia 
and Iris seed are not up yet. Is there any chance 
of their putting In an appearance at this late day ? 
1 (Yes) I don't think It can be very leasant. living 
in the city In the .Summer. I know I should not 
like It. But I must stop scribbling, for that waste 
basket looms up before me, crylDg "beware”! 
Wake up, cousins, and let us know that some of 
you, at least, are alive. Let us overwhelm Uncle 
M ark with letters until he cries for quarter. Who 
will be the first to say amen to that ? 
Sheboygan Co., Wis. Cousin Amy. 
Unole Mark:—1 have been reading the letters 
from the boys and girls lor some time and I have 
been thinking about writing, but time was not 
spared me and It was neglected. Fapa has been 
taking your paper for about five years, and I think 
it Is tltne to write, l would like to know what 
has become of Dew Drop and all those line young 
ladles. I wish they would write and we would 
have a tine time again. Well. 1 will quit for this 
time. Hoping to see this printed I remain, 
Yours respectfully, E. K. Austin. 
Vermillion Co., Ill. 
&|)f $ u^lcr. 
A SHAKSPEAREAN ENIGMA. 
64 LETTERS. 
l, 49, 28, 51, 12, 19, a prominent character In 
" Hamlet.” 
15, 56,19, 88, 63, 59,4, father of Proteus In “ Two 
Gentlemen of Verona,” 
6, 33, 94, 21 , 58, 62 , 41, a country Justice In “ Mer¬ 
ry Wives of Windsor” 
16 , s, 25. 36, 6, 27, 24, a waiting-maid In "Merch¬ 
ant of Venice.” 
7, 59,15,35,37.49, daughter of Babtlsta In “ Tam¬ 
ing of the Shrew.” 
45.10, 3t, 62 ,19. 15, 63, 37, 14, mother of Arthur In 
"King John.” 
61,49, 23, 60, 4G, 20, 22, 51, a character in “King 
Henry IV.” 
39, 49,11, 3, 24, 44, 34, 53, queen to King Henry in 
“ llenry VI,” 
9. 13, 30, 3, 40, 03, daughter to Cymbellne In 
" CymbelLne.” 
18, 36, 39, 4, 63, 59, 17, 2 , 27, King of Peutapolls 
in " Pericles, Prince of Tyre.” 
32 Is a vowel. 
7,26,49.19.4-1,36,4s, 64, niece to Leonato In “Much 
Ado About Nothing.” 
42.10, 50, 62, 9, 5, 44, 35, 58, 27, schoolmaster In 
"Love’s Labor Lost.” 
54, 43,21, 46, 31, wife to Menelaus In “Trollus 
and Cresalda.” 
38, 19, 67, 55, 22, 60 4, a prominent character In 
“ Othello.” 
9, 51, 29, 15, 63, 37, 47, son to Banquo In “ Mac¬ 
beth.” 
The whole Is a quotation from Shakespeare’s 
“ Midsummer Night’s Dream.” Alice. 
Answer In two weeks. 
DIAMOND PUZZLE. 
A consonant. A cape of Tunis. A city of France. 
A thicket. A consonant. Centrals irom a city of 
France. 
Answer In two weeks. l. o. 
-♦ » •- 
PUZZLER ANSWERS.-July 10. 
Rhomboid 
ARISTA 
ARDENT 
E A li L A P 
TRAPES 
A C E R I C 
ERASED 
Crossword Enigma Petatus. 
Literary Enigma He is not worthy the honey¬ 
comb who shuns the hive because the bees have stiuiR. 
—Shakespeare. 
THE SOUL’S FAREWELL. 
by Louisa borne. 
Farewell to thee, frail form of dust! 
The day hath come that part we must, 
This spirit th3t hath dwelt with thee 
Is weary now and would be free. 
A reckless longing now is mine 
To seek my Maker's holy shrine; 
And yet I grieve to leave thee here. 
So cold and lonely on thy bier ! 
Was it a sigh that shook the breast 
Wherein I oft have lain at rest 1 
Or was it but thy shroud so white 
That fluttered in the faint twilight ? 
Let not these parting words be met 
With aught like sighs or still regret; 
For, lovely one; 'tis best for tbee 
This wayward spirit should be free. 
Yet, silent form, thou art too bright 
To doom to everlasting night; 
Aud still the soul that lit those eyes ! 
Must hasten far beyoud the skies. 
And leave thee lone but uot unwept— 
For I have o'er thee vigil kept, 
And soothed thee to a death-like sleep. 
So thou shouldst never wake to weep. 
And oft at even I'll retrace 
My pathway but to kiss thy face 
And sing to tboe—perchance to pray 
Above thy grave, beloved clay. 
But now, farewoll! The pale moonlight 
Giearns forth to aid my upward flight; 
And tiny stars in silence rise 
To form my path to Paradise. 
May, 1880. 
THE BEAUTY OF THE DEAD SEA. 
The Dead Sea Is generally supposed to be the 
picture ol desolation and death. Travelers how¬ 
ever, state iliat there Is a certain strange and 
melancholy beauty about tt which Impresses the 
one who beholds it. 
I fodder, In his volume " On Holy Ground,” says: 
" Before US, stretched the long chain of the moun¬ 
tains or Moab, like a huge blue walk and beneath 
It lay that great and melancholy marvel, the Dead 
Sea. It was a view which I had not expected, 
never having associated ihe idea ol beauty with 
tue Dead Sea, or the wilderness of Judea, hut 
from the hlgbt on which we were, the view was 
very line. 
We noticed as we descended to the plain what 
so many travelers have observed and described, 
resembling an exhalaUon like a white cloud rising 
from the sea. In exquisite relief with the dark blue 
hills of Moab behind IL 
At length we reached Ihe plain, and making our 
way through a strange jungle of curious vegeta¬ 
tion, we came to the Bhore of the lake. Here again 
I was especially disappointed, and looked In vain 
for the awful gloom and deathliness I had ex¬ 
pected to find. The shore was not strewn with 
masses of dead and whitened trees, the water 
looked bewltchlngly bright and beautiful, and re¬ 
flected every mlnuie detail of the sur.oundlngs, as 
In a burnlsbeo mirror. But this was the first Im¬ 
pression. After an hour or so upon Us shore I ex¬ 
perienced Its awiul stillness, and tell the absence 
of life. I cannot detine the solitude of the place. 
There la something which you can Jeel more than 
you can see.”—Biblical Review. 
CHRISTIAN COURTESY. 
The Christian precept, “ Be courteous,” was not 
however enjoined by the accomplished Paul. In 
the language ol anoiher, “ It lell from the pen of 
an Illiterate mun, bred to the roughest ol all em¬ 
ployments. It was Peter, the Inspired fisherman 
that said; ’Be courteous,’to imliate that, the re¬ 
ligion which be had learned from the meek and 
lowly Jesus, was able to souen the keenest, and 
cool the hottest temper, and even give gentleness 
to one trained amongst wmd-> ana waves.” 
But the courteous and scholarly Paul, In ad¬ 
dressing the " saints and ralthrul brethern” of 
Colosse, exhorts: " Lei y our speech be alway with 
gTace, seasoned with salt, that ye may know how 
ye ought to answer every man," wtdeh simplified, 
means, " Be sincerely courteous." And R l mis¬ 
take not, the apostle James, gives us a beautiful 
definition ol courtesy, In theiollowing words: 
•• The wisdom that la from above, is first pure, 
then peaceable, gentle, and easy to be entreated, 
full of mercy and good tiults, without partiality 
and without hyprotrlsy,” Jas. 3:17. Ar.d Christ 
himself counsels the burdened in heart, saying: 
"Take my yoke upon you, for I am meek and 
lowly In heart,” Matt. U:29. There are many 
other precepts which Inculcate some essentials of 
this grace, such as gentleness, meekness, love, for¬ 
bearance, preference of another to self, xc. 
The. Importance of Christian courtesy Is there¬ 
fore indisputable. It cannot be neglected without 
sin. Christians, especially, are exhorted to " think 
on whatever Is of good report," to "adorn the 
doctrine of Christ In alt things.”—The Central 
Baptist. 
-♦ ■» »- 
Choose the Right.— TUe greatest man is he who 
Chooses right with the most Invincible resolution; 
who resists the sorest temptations from within 
and without; who bears the heaviest burdens 
cheerfully; who is eulmest in storms, and most 
fearless under menaces and frowns; whose reli¬ 
ance on truth, on virtue, and on heaven, la most 
unfaltering. 
Flowers never emit so sweet and strong a frag¬ 
rance as before a storm. Beauteous soul! when 
the storm approaches thee, be as iragrant as a 
sweet smelling flower.—Richter. 
Let us be sure that our delight excludes not the 
presence of God ; we may please ourselves so long 
as we do not displease hfin.—Thomas Adams. 
