AUG. 1 \ 
§37 
THE BUBAL MEW-YOBSCEB. 
Carlisle were a highly creditable lot. There 
were also many excellent Hereforda, Long¬ 
horns, Devons, etc., but, strange to say, there 
werenoneof the famous West Highlanders—the 
best beef-making breed of cattle the world has 
yet seen, so far, that is, sb quality of beef goes. 
The two other Scotch breeds, the Ayrshires 
and the Polled cattle, were, however, well rep 
resented. In my opinion the polled cattle 
made the best show of any of the different 
breeds, so far as evenness, quality, and gen¬ 
eral intrinsic merit are concerned. These 
cattle, especially the Norfolk branch of the 
family—the red-polled NorfolkB and Suffolks, 
as they are generally called—are rising into 
popularity at a rapid rate. I consider they 
ought to, for they have many excellent 
qualities, not the least of which is the negative 
one of hornlesaness. Being excellent beef- 
makers, and having no horns, these cattle 
would suit your shipping trade to this country 
better, perhaps, than any other kind. 
The sheep classes were quite equal to those 
of former shows, aud the different Down breeds 
were very well represented, specially theSouth 
and the Shropshire Downs. The last named 
are rapidly coming to be the most valuable 
breed of sheep in these islands, and the white- 
faced, long-wooled breeds — the Leicesters, 
Cotswolds, Liucolus, etc..- are doomed to be¬ 
come less thought of than they have hitherto 
been. It is the question of quality of mutton 
which is bringing about the change in public 
opinion in respect of the different breeds of 
sheep. Wool, you sec, can easily be grown in 
distant countries, aud the sheep stock of the 
world is increasing in numbers, so that we no 
longer iu England cau look on the production 
of wool as a specialty in which we excel. 
Wool, iu fact, like wheat, has ceased to be a 
leading mainstay in British fanning. We can¬ 
not afford to go in heavily on cither of them 
at present and prospective prices. Hence it 
follows with regard to wool, that we are com¬ 
pelled to attach more importance than we 
formerly did to the question of quality of mut¬ 
ton. Now it liuppous that long wool and in¬ 
ferior mutton go together, while the short- 
wooled breeds produce mutton of superior 
quality. The Leicester mutton Is much too 
fat, the Lincoln too coarse, while the Cots wold 
is too commonplace in quality and repulsive iu 
flavor ever again too find much favor in the 
estimation of the English public. Hence it 
follows that the Down tribes of sheep are 
rising rapidly in the scale of merit; and as the 
Shropshires are large sheep, very fertile, and 
highly practical in all respects, they are rising 
fastest of all. 
The prospects this year of profit to English 
farmers are very poor indeed. It is now cer¬ 
tain that we shall have a season only a degree 
or two leas disastrous than that of l&st year. 
A great deal of hay has been spoilt, and some 
of It carried bodily away, by the floods of rain 
which have been so common of late. Mr. 
Mechi tells us that on heavy land the roots of 
winter wheat are rotting in the ground, and 
though the crops, as a rule, are bulky it is prob¬ 
able that the quality will be inferior. All the 
mischief is owing to want of sun aud warmth, 
of brightness and dryness of air, aud to the 
huge downpours of raiu. Cows are milking 
badly, and the yield of checsu will be one- 
fourth or ouc-third below the average. Brices 
of cheese, it is true, are pretty high, but they 
cannot make up for the shortness of the 
make. In fact, if English cheese-making is to 
pay iu the future, we must have present prices 
maintained, in conjunction with 
p ood average yields. Another thing ^ 
is certain: we cannot afford to 
grow wheat at 4s, 6d a bushel, un- /. “ 
less we cau average more than 30 !>' ^ 
bushels an acre. Nor, indeed, can \ 
we grow wool at Is a pound, or 
beef at 7d, or cheese at 64, or but- / 
ter at Is, if we are to pay our way fysSjjp.C 
and live—uuless, Indeed, we have 
productive seasons of a very dif¬ 
ferent order from the la it two or 
three. 
But, after all, it is a great thing for our general 
population that food is cheap; farmers, of 
course, are suffering, but the poor are fed ; 
landowners are in sore straits in many cases, 
but those who own no laud are neither slaves 
uor paupers for that reason. Despite the 
things I have been discussing, it is probable 
our farmers on the average would be as pros¬ 
perous as yours are, if only the seasons did not 
light against them, and we must hope for aud 
expect a change for the better so far as the 
seasons are concerned. Our farmers have this 
advantage tobalauce high rents and taxes and 
bad seaBons viz , they sell iu the dearest and 
buy in the cheapest markets in the world; that 
is, their produce makes the highest possible 
time's price, while they buy their implements 
and geueral mauulucLured goods at very rea¬ 
sonable rates. All this wo owe to Free Trade, 
for our people are uot taxed, as yours are, in 
order to bolster up the manufacturing classes; 
we do not make them pay 80 or 40 per cent, too 
much for what they have to buy, iu order that 
our own producers shall reap the advantage of 
a monopoly. Wc'believe in fair play and no 
favor, with justice to all classes alike, and we 
know this system will win in the end. It is 
odd to me that your farmers do not demand 
fair play from the government. 
Sheen, Ashbourne, Eng., July 2T. 
ought to prove profitable for export to this 
country, either alive or dead. 
The display of Jerseys was much less than 
usual at sueh shows, as not many of this breed 
arc kept in the north. With the exception of 
the first premium in the adult bull class, all 
the prizes for bulls were taken by animals 
sent from the island of Jersey. Unlike your 
custom iu the States, little or no attention is 
paid at fairs here to the milk record of cows 
of the Jersey or ar.y other breed. Guernseys 
swindling prices, are doing some good. Men 
who buy of them would not be likely to pur¬ 
chase a good variety of fruit at a fair price of 
an honest dealer. “If there were no fools in 
the world, knaves could not live.” Many a suc¬ 
cessful fruit grower has had his interest first 
awakened by some of these exaggerations, pic¬ 
torial or otherwise. The beginning was a 
fraud, the ending a success. 
In connection with this subject I quote the 
words of Butler: 
“Learned men often greedily pursue 
Thimrs that are rather wonderful than true; 
And, in their nicest “peculations, choose 
To make their own discoveries strange news. 
A natural mystery rather a gazet te 
Of rarelies rlnpttndnus and far fet: 
Believe no truths arc worth;, to hci known 
That arc not strongly vast and overgrown. 
9 [Onondaga Co., N. Y. N ei.bon Ritter. 
THE ROYAL AGRICULTURAL 8R0W AT 
CARLISLE,—(Continued-) 
At ‘'Royal” shows riding horses always 
make a fine show in fine weather, but the wet 
Preventing Shoulder-Galls.— One of the 
best preventives of this Ib to keep the collar on 
the horse, alter bringing him into the stable, 
till the sweat is perfectly dried off. Look to it 
also once a week, to see if no Btieky lumps are 
formed on its inside, aud if there are any wa6h 
them off with hot soap-Buds, then rub the col¬ 
lar with neat’s-foot oil. It is essential to look 
to this at least once a week, and al ways keep 
it clean and soft. It is better to keep all the 
harness on a horse, if quite sweaty when 
brought into his stable, till his hair is perfect¬ 
ly dried. The remedy for galls given in the 
Rural of July 31, is, no doubt, a good one ; 
but horses when first taken out to work in the 
Spring, not having had the collar on them 
much during Winter, ought not to be used 
over two hours the first day or three hours the 
second, their work being gradually increased 
as the skin and flesh harden on the shoulders. 
The flesh of the body also becomes soft after 
lying still some time, and requires gradual sea¬ 
soning, or what is technically called “ bring¬ 
ing into condition.” It is thus that trotting 
and race horses arc trained to perform their 
great feats with rare injury to them. a. b. a. 
HEREFORD BULL GRATEFUL, WINNER OF FIRST PREMIUM AT CARLISLE.—FIG. 258. 
at this prevented a good display in the ring, 
where their points ami beauty are best exhib¬ 
ited. Thorougbred stallions suitable for breed¬ 
ing coach horses; mares of the same classes ; 
ponies and heavy-weight hacks, male aud fe¬ 
male, made up a number of different classes 
each of which had a host of admirers. 
Short-horns mads a display fine enough to 
delight their host of friends. In the class of 
bulls above three years old, the first premium, 
not a little to the surprise of old fair-goers, for 
once slipped by the veterans Vice-Admiral and 
ltaar-Admiral, fit st and second prize bulls at 
the Kilburn show, aud fell to a lot of a com¬ 
parative outsider, the Duke of Howl John, 
which also won the premium offered for the 
best bull at the show. He is a six-year-old, 
white beast, with fine top, excellent quarters, 
great length, strong middle, and of beautiful 
symmetry, his only blemish being his some¬ 
what rough shoulders. He is the propertyof 
Mr. John Vickers, of Crook, about a dozen 
miles westward from the old city of Durham. 
Although a comparative stranger to the gen¬ 
eral public, he had already won about thirty 
prizes and cups, principally at local shows, 
aud will certainly be beard of in national ex¬ 
hibitions iu future. For cows iu calf or in 
milk and above three years old Mi . Hutchin¬ 
son's Grateful took the first prize, while inyear- 
liog heifers. Lord Fitzhardiiige’s Wild Eyes 15th 
took the first honors from 82 competitors. 
[Both of those have been pictured in the Rural 
New-Yorker; the first last Summer, and the 
second last Spring —Eds.] 
Heiefords, though comparatively small in 
number were of excellent quality and headed 
by the famous “adult” bulls Grateful and 
Thoughtful, which were also the chiefs of the 
breed at Kilburn. Grateful, after having been 
defeated by his oppouent at the last three 
made a better show here than their near rela¬ 
tives and neighbors, the Jerseys. There was 
also a fine show of polled cattle, belonging to 
the various hornlessbreeds, which are cerlaiDly 
advancing in public favor Ayrshires were few 
in number and not specially distinguished for 
quality, while the other breeds shown possessed 
little or no interest for trans-Atlantic readers. 
w. L. H. 
An Extka-earlt New Seedling Peach.— 
Mr. W. H. Fredenburgh, of Kingston, N. Y. 
sends us a peach taken from a four-year-old 
seedling tree growing In his garden and from 
which he gathered ripe peaches on July 20. 
He calls it the Fredenburgh Seedling and claims 
that it is five weeks earlier than any peach 
grown in that neighborhood. 
The peach was much decayed. We judge 
from the sound portion that it is a free-stone, 
very juicy— very sweet. 
HUMBUGS AND DUPES 
I cordially indorse the Rural’s senti¬ 
ments regarding pictorial exaggerations, page 
492, and yet the cause of these exaggerations 
rests in a great measure with buyers. One can 
hardly induce the average man to bay a new 
variety of fruit, grain, etc , unless its merits are 
rather overrated. In fact, I am inclined to 
think that the majority of mankind rather en¬ 
joy being deceived. Persons often say to me, 
‘•We think of engaging in fruit culture; do you 
think we could do so with profit?” 
If I answer truthfully that with experience, 
persevering industry, good judgment iu mar¬ 
keting. etc., etc., he will probably make fair 
(not large) profits, he will walk away as if he 
disdained all such counsel, saying plainly by his 
looks, or at least by his actions, “That man iB 
little belter than a fool.” But tell men of this 
kind that fruit-growing i6 nearly all profit, 
that apples will pay six to eight hundred dol¬ 
lars and grapes yield seven or eight tons per 
acre, and strawberries eight to ten thousand 
quarts, etc., etc., and they march off highly 
elated, aud will report that their informant is a 
man of w isdom and experience. 
When we inform people that the grape vines 
CONNECTICUT NOTES 
Conn., Bloomfield, Hartford Co., Aug. 3.— 
A rainy day affords an opportunity for sending 
the Rural a few lines from this quiet country 
farming town—a pleasure I have had for sev¬ 
eral successive years. To ns denizens of the 
city whose vacation from the bU6y routine of 
daily life seldom exceeds a few days, the hours 
spent in-doors when one can stay out, 6eem 
like lime lost. So, except when absolutely 
compelled to seek shelter from the rain, I can 
usually be found in field or forest, or taking 
my ease in a hammock swung under the kind¬ 
ly shadow of convenient apple trees, where, 
interested in the pages of some easily read 
book, or quietly dozing, I enjoy a rest more 
serviceable, so fir as regards the restoration of 
expended vigor, and the accumulation of vital 
force, thau I can conceive possible elsewhere. 
I feel a sympathy for those who, having no old 
country home and loving friends to welcome 
them, spend their vacations amid the hurry 
and bustle of fashionable resoi ts by the sea or 
in the mountain, or undergo the unpleasant¬ 
ness of the ordinary country boarding-house 
warfare, where the chief object seems to be to 
get the greatest amount of money for the least 
outlay for provisions or service. The rain now 
so gently falling is very acceptable; for, al¬ 
though this section has uot suffered so severely 
from the drought as many others, there has 
not been a superabundance of moisture since 
early Spring. Potatoes that were planted ear¬ 
ly, or in soil naturally moist, promise a fair 
crop, but those set at about the usual time or 
later, give promise of but a poor return. The 
hay crop, now mostly gathered, was good both 
as regards quantity and quality; but there has 
been little show for a second crop either to 
gather as aftermath or rowen, or to leed off 
for Fall pasturage. Continued rains may make 
a rapid growth, however, for which there is 
yet time. 
There seems to be considerable difference of 
opinion as to the best method of treating grass 
lands of moderate quality. Where there 
sufficient fertility to give two good crops, they 
are gatlierul, but where the first crop is only 
moderately large, some claim if the second be 
cut, the gross will not grow sufficiently there¬ 
after to properly protect the roots in the Win¬ 
er and keep them from killing if snow does not 
\e on than constantly. Oiheis think meadow 
SHORT-HORN BULL, DUKE OF HOWL JOHN, FIRST FHEMIUM WINNER AT CARLTLB —FIG. 269. 
shows at which they were exhibited together, they are talking of buying will, with go 
has won a signal triumph here. In this coun- care and culture, produce a light crop the thi 
try, while the high appreciation of Short-horns year aud a full one the fourth or fifth, we ha 
is uuLvet sal, t hat of Hurcfords is merely local, probably lost that sale; but tell them tt 
being confined mainly to the county from these vines will bear next year, that three 
which they derive.thcir name aud the neighbor- four vines will supply their family, and h< 
hood. They uiulurc early, however, make quickly they bnv! 
prime beef, laid on heavily ou the best parts, I hardly know whether or not it is moru' 
and thriving beat on grass, they should be ex- wroug to unseal the eyes of these self-blind 
eellently adapted for raising on your Western people. Those oily-tongued agents that pi 
pluins cross-bred, or “ grade animals, which ambnlate the couutry selling humbug fruits 
