756 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
NOV. 13 
THE 
Rural New-Yorker, 
PUBLISHED EVERY SATURDAY. 
Conducted by 
Kl.BBRT E. CARMAN. 
Address 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER, 
No. 34 Park Row, New York. 
SATURDAY, NOY. 13, 1880. 
NOTIGE. 
From some obscurity iu our clubbing 
announcements, many of our readers are 
applying to us for specimens of the jour¬ 
nals •with wliieli we club. We beg to 
state that all applications should be made 
to the journals of which specimen copies 
are desired, which will be promptly fur¬ 
nished to our subscribers without charge. 
Address, therefore, by postal card or by 
letter :—The Weekly ioter-Oceau, Chica¬ 
go, Ills.; The Weekly Detroit Free Press, 
Detroit, Mich. ; The Weekly Globe-Dem¬ 
ocrat, St. Louis, Mo. ; The Weekly Pion¬ 
eer-Press, St. Paul, Minn. ; The Weekly 
World, 35 Park Row, N. Y. ; The Week¬ 
ly Evening Post, corner Broadway and 
Fulton Sts., N. Y. 
Subscriptions for the Rural New- 
Yorker and any one or more of the 
above will be attended to without delay. 
ANNOUNCEMENT. 
Since the past Spring and Summer were 
seasons of almost unprecedented drought 
in some places, it is probable many of the 
Cuthbert Raspberry plants sent out by 
the Rural New-Yorker failed. In case 
of such failures we will send other plants 
upon receiving the address of the appli¬ 
cant and a two-eent stamp for postage. 
All applications must be made to John T. 
Lovett,Little Silver, Monmouth Co., New 
Jersey, and the applications must be con¬ 
fined to those whose names are upon our 
lists as having applied for our Plant and 
Seed Distribution of 1879-80. 
-» • •- 
Remember, Rural friends, the first of 
our next series of special numbers will be 
the Corn Number, to be issued about 
Jau. 1st. If you have any good facts, 
oblige us with'them, eveu if they may be 
stated iu a line. 
--- 
A kind word for the Rural New- 
Yorker from our subscribers to their 
friends at this time would prove more effect¬ 
ive than if spoken later in the season, 
when many will have settled upon their 
journals for another year. Speak it, 
friends of the Rural, if you cun! You 
will find that during 1881 wo Bhall not 
disappoint any reasonable expectations. 
We wish some {all, for that matter) of 
our readers would try this experiment : 
Plow apart of any field now, intended for 
corn or oats. Then plow the entire field 
in the Spring. Observe which bears the 
better grain, that plowed both in the Fall 
and Spring or that plowed only in the 
Spring. Most farmers will have an opin¬ 
ion as to what would be the result. But 
few farmers have tried the experiment as 
we have suggested—so that the difference 
may be seen and, at harvest, measured. 
- - 
We would suggest to those who have 
no woodlands that, as a measure of econ¬ 
omy, it is well to plant cuttings or roots 
of fast-growing trees like the Weeping 
Willow, Catalpa and Silver Maple. These 
planted in comers of fields or out-of-tke- 
way places soon make large trees and 
may then be cut down, without being 
missed, and used for fire-wood. The 
Weeping Willow, for instance, in six 
years from a cutting will make a tree 18 
inches in diameter and 30 feet in bight. 
-♦»» 
To those having gardens, we would 
say, spade up the soil now. Turn it over 
and leave it so until Mid-winter for the 
action of the frost. Usually in February 
a thaw accurs. Then it may be worked 
down and a new surface presented to the 
air and for the frost to work upon. We 
cannot estimate the benefits too highly of 
thus opening our soils to the influence of 
the wintry elements. Spade deep and 
thus bring to the surfaoe the hard under 
stratum that may have lain hard and 
almost inaccessible to roots for years. 
Thus the soil will be lightened for anoth¬ 
er season. It will have become richer 
through the ammonia and carbonic acid 
imbibed from the atmosphere. It will 
resist drought better because it receives 
more moisture during rainfalls and can 
the more readily return it to the surfaoe 
during periods of dryness. 
■ •» *» - - - , 
Drying Potatoes so as to preserve 
them even for several years in any cli¬ 
mate, is a new industry that has spruug 
up in California. The tubers, which arc 
dried and pressed by a newly devised ma¬ 
chine, are said to retain to a great extent 
their natural taste and original freBbness. 
The first shipment made by a San Frau- 
cisco merchant to Liverpool brought $160 
per ton over all expenses of shipment. 
Only about 20 tons were exported last 
year, but these sold at the rate of three 
dollars per sack for green potatoes, and 
the demand has become much greater 
than the supply. California capitalists 
are reported to be turning iheir attention 
to the matter, and several companies are 
being organized to push the industry. If 
the process proves as satisfactory as at 
present claimed, it opens a fine prospect 
to the farmers not only of the Pacific 
Slope, but of the rest of the country also. 
. +■ 
Wool. —What Chicago as the center of 
the packing business, is to the hog trade 
of the country, Boston as the center of 
manufacturing business, is to its wool 
trade—the prices in both places power¬ 
fully infiuence those for the respec¬ 
tive products throughout the remainder 
of the laud. For some months wool sales 
in the “ Rub” have been slow, as sellers 
held their wool firmly for high prices, 
which manufacturers refused to give un¬ 
less their requirements forced them to do 
so. Throughout the country, too, farm¬ 
ers have been keeping their woo! back 
more than usual, a prudent precaution, 
as we suggested several months ago. 
Stocks in the hands of manufacturers are 
now nearly exhausted, and for the last 
couple of 'weeks they have been buying 
freely even at an advance on the figures 
they formerly declined to pay. Hitherto 
the mills have gone abroad for a good 
deal of their supply, but this year most 
of them have used the domestic clip ex¬ 
clusively, and there is no doubt but every 
pound of it, coarse and fine, can be sold 
at prices satisfactory to the producers. 
•--— 
WHERE ENGLAND GETS BREAD. 
Some English statistics just received 
show the amount of wheat and fiour, re¬ 
duced to a wheat standard, imported 
into the United Kingdom during the year 
ending August 31st. From these fig¬ 
ures it appears that from the following 
countries the quantities opposite the 
names were imported :— 
United States. 69,339,969 bushels. 
Canada. lo.wo.ass •• 
Russia. 8,998,148 
Germany.. o,667,soi “ 
Australia. 6,410,886 “ 
lirlUSU India. 4,640,788 
Egypt.. 4,270,839 “ 
CBUI...:. 8,843,988 
France... 696,307 “ 
All oilier countries. 4,96u.869 “ 
Total Imports.188,678,934 “ 
Of the wheat imported from Canada 
7,250,000 bushels merely passed through 
the Dominion from the United States, 
making the aggregate importations from 
this country 96,(309,969 bushels, while 
those from Canada dwindle down to 
2,250,000 bushels. Thus it will be seen 
that the United Kingdom obtained from 
this country about. 70 per cent, of the 
wheat it needed, while British ludia and 
Australia give only about seven and one- 
fifth per cent., and Russia only about six 
and a half per cent., about two-thirds of 
which came from the Black Sea ports. 
The supply from either of these quarters 
this year will be trilling. All exports of 
cereals have stopped from the Baltic 
ports, into which large shipments have 
been made, 18,000 centals having been 
Bent thither from Liverpool alone during 
the week ending October 22. The wheat 
exports from all parts of Russia to Eng¬ 
land since the opening of navigation in 
March to October 20, last, amounted to 
only 891,800 bushels, against 21,582,292 
in the corresponding period in *7 ,. 
Iu this connection it may be interesting 
to learn that, according to our Bureau of 
Statistics, the exports of breadstuff's from 
all ports in this country to all foreign 
countries, from September 1st, ’79, to 
August 31st, ’80, were 156,736,326 bush- 
elsof wheat and 6,609,416 barrels of fiour, 
equal to 29,742,372 bushels of wheat, 
making our total exports of wheat for the 
twelve months, 186,478,698 bushels. De¬ 
ducting from this aggregate the amount 
imported into the United Kingdom, there 
are left for the rest of the world 89,868,- 
729 bushels, or a little less than half our 
total exports of wheat. 
--*-*--*- 
THE OUTLOOK FOR THE HOG CROP. 
The eight months known as the Sum¬ 
mer pork-packing season ended on Octo¬ 
ber 31, the aggregate number of hogs 
packed in the West, according to the most 
trustworthy calculations and estimates, 
having been about 5,240,000, against 
4,050,000 iu the corresponding period last 
year—an increase of 1,190,000 hogs, al¬ 
though for the twelve months the increase 
was only 660,000. The receipts of hogs 
at the seaboard during the same period 
were 1,955,000, against 2,015,000 in ’79— 
a decrease of 60,000, so that the aggre¬ 
gate of Western packing and seaboard 
receipts for the eight, months was about 
7,195,000 hogs, against 6,065,000 last year 
—an increase of 1,130,000, or 18$ per 
cent. With the Summer pork-packing 
season the great Chicago “comer” iu 
mess pork, whose history is given else¬ 
where iu tliis issue, also came to an end, 
and henceforth, until the formation of 
another “deal,” the various articles of 
pork will bear a proportionate value—the 
price of mess pork having lately been 
forced disproportionately high in compar¬ 
ison with prices of other kinds—and the 
pork market, released from the control of 
one party, will move on in its regular 
course. *lt is therefore a fitting time to 
consider what this is likely to be. 
The enormous transactions iu pork at 
Chicago and elsewhere iu course of the 
“ deal,” afford, of course, no indication of 
the amount of the article that actually 
passed from seller to buyer, for most of 
such transactions were settled by the pay¬ 
ment of the difference between the price 
at which the sale was made in advance 
and that, at the date when the product 
had to be delivered. As a matter of fact, 
the amount of pork on hand in the coun¬ 
try now is somewhat less than at this 
time last year, so that it is estimated that 
it would require an increase ol 10 per 
cent, of hogs to make the present crop 
equal to that of ’79. With the growth of 
population of the world and its advance 
in material comfort, the consumption of 
hog products yearly increases from five to 
ten per cent. Consumption, too, is large¬ 
ly dependent upon the prosperity of the 
people, and this year our own population, 
who, of course, are the largest consum¬ 
ers of our hog products, were never bet¬ 
ter off; while our chief foreign customers, 
the lower and middle classes of Great 
Britain, are also considerably more pros¬ 
perous than they have been for the last 
few years. This is partly due to the im¬ 
provement in the agricultural outlook ; 
for, besides the gain to the farmers them¬ 
selves from this improvement, their in¬ 
creased prosperity, by enabling them to 
make larger purchases, imparts briskness 
to manufacture and trade, thus bettering 
the condition of the millions dependent on 
these industries. But the British pros¬ 
perity is largely a refiex of our own, for 
we are this year importing an unusually 
large amount of goods from the Mother 
Country, thus giving profitable employ¬ 
ment to her packed millions and enabling 
them to purchasomore of our agricultural 
products, and among these not the least 
important are our hog products. 
In view, therefore, of the curtailment 
of our hog crop by hog cholera and other 
diseases, as well as of the moderate supply 
on hand and the probable increased de¬ 
mand, it seems not at all unlikely that 
hogs will be “firm” this year. Looal 
causes may here and there depress prices, 
and so uow and then may an unusually 
large supply at the chief hog markets; 
but, as a rule, the price of hogs this year 
should be satisfactory to farmers. 
-♦-*-•- 
BREVITIES. 
Right once more—didn’t we prophesy the 
country would be “ saved ” S* 
Attention is called to the remarks of C. E. 
Thorne, ol tbe Ohio State University upon 
Silver Cbaff Wheat. 
The profits of the mammoth Chicago pork 
“ deal” arc variously estimated from two and 
a quarter million to Beveu million dollars, 
Wk are very glad to see that Walter A. 
Wood, one of the staunchest friends of agri¬ 
culture iu the United States, baB been elected 
to Congress. 
Unusually large shipments of wheat are 
being made from here to Marseilles and other 
Mediteiranean ports hitherto supplied chiefly 
from southern Russia. 
Wb have been spreading stable manure over 
our grape-vine borders. This Is a good plan. 
It is a protection to the roots and the juices 
soak down ready for use next Spring. We 
have a mind to add a sprinkling of ground 
bone and unleached ashes. 
From August 1 to September 30 the amount 
of wheat and flour, calculated as wheat, im¬ 
ported into France, aggregated 14,619,760 
bushels, against 11,769,190 bushels for the cor¬ 
responding time last year—or an excess this 
year over last of 2.650,640 bushels. Since the 
end of September, however, shipments have 
been falling off slightly. 
Now that the election is over, we presume 
all good farmers—whatever interest they may 
have taken in it during the latter part of the 
contest— will give themselves up to promoting 
the interests of the farm. Here i6 enough to 
engage our best thoughts—our unremitting 
labor. The outlook for farmers has never been 
more encouraging in the history of this coun¬ 
try. But, let us not reBt upon our oars. Let 
us work hardest while it pays best, and then 
in the dismal times of the future;, which are 
sure to come sooner or later, we may enjoy 
the results of having provided for a rainy day. 
Until last Fall Canadians found a market 
for their surplus rye in the United 8tat#s 
alone, no attempt having been made to export 
it to Europe. In the Autumn of '79, however, 
an enterprising merchant of Montreal, in spite 
of much discouragement from his neighbors 
and from lack of facilities for procuring bills 
of exchange, sent a pioneer cargo of 60,000 to 
70,000 bushels to Antwerp, and found the ven¬ 
ture profitable. Sl"ce then the trade has 
largely increased, exports haviDg been made 
to London, Liverpool. Antwerp, Havre, Ham¬ 
burg. Bordeaux and Marseilles. 
The Burning Bush (Euonymus atropurpnr- 
eus) is not a very handsome ehmb, either for 
its foliage or flowers. But its berries, now 
that leaves are falling and the garden begins 
to look dreary, are bright and beautiful. The 
capBule, or outer covering which is of a crim¬ 
son color breaks open like the burr of a 
chestnut revealing the orange aril of the seed 
within. These arranged into bouquets with 
other Autumn fruits or berries as, for Instance, 
tbe Bitter-sweet (yellow). Black Alder (red), 
snd Call Scarpa purpurea (purple), interspersed 
with sprays of Autumn leaves, make very 
pretty ornaments for the mantel or table. 
We continue our beautiful engravings from 
nature of the new and promising grapes of the 
period. Respecting tbe quality of these grapes, 
it is an easy matter to speak positively. But 
as to how they will thrive in different parts of 
the country readers must bear in mind we 
have nothing to say. That can be ascertained 
only by tests, and several years are reqnired to 
make them. Wc speak positively of snch 
new fruits only as have been tested in our Ex¬ 
periment Grounds, and even then our reports 
are to be taken as but one bit of evldenoe pro 
or con, for that which fails or thrives with us 
may not thrive or fall in other soils and cli¬ 
mates. 
Statistics of the fruit trade, owing to the 
perishable nature of the products and the 
rapiditv with which they are distributed, 
are difficult to collect, and the Census Bu¬ 
reau calls upon fruit dealers to facilitate 
the work by making returns of the quan¬ 
tities and values of the different kinds of fruit 
handled during their last complete trade year. 
Such returns will be considered strictly confi¬ 
dential and used only In making up the grand 
aggregate of city and town trade. Owing to 
the importance of the national work now in 
course of preparation, it is hoped that dealers 
will be careful aud prompt in conveying accu¬ 
rate information, although it may cost them 
considerable trouble. 
The good prices American apples brought in 
the English markets a short time back are re¬ 
ported to have caused the shipment of fruit 
very carelessly selected, while a great deal of 
tbe exported Winter apples have been picked 
too early. This is said to lie especially tbe case 
with Baldwins and Greenings, with the latter 
of which the English market seems to be over¬ 
stocked. Both to keep up prices and to insure 
a favorable market in future by the good qual¬ 
ity and flue appearance of our present ship¬ 
ments, too mneb care cannot be taken in se¬ 
lecting good specimeus alone for export. The 
advantages of careful selection in tbe home 
markets are constantly noticeable, and ocean 
freight should be paid ounothiug except choice 
frnit especially adapted to the taste of our for¬ 
eign markets, in England small, handsome 
appleB arc preferred to large specimens by the 
better class of buyers. 
Our readers are fully aware that for this 
climate we prefer Spring to Fall for trans¬ 
planting fruit and, in fact, ornamental trees 
and 6hrubs generally. We have also condemned 
the practice so often advocated, of heaping up 
the earth about the stem “ aB a support’ etc., for 
the tree. Wo fiud in tbe Nebraska Farmer that 
our contributor Ex-Governor R. W. Furnas 
says that his twenty-five yeare.’ experience in 
Nebraska are strongly against Fall planting of 
trees; that he has witnessed twenty failures to 
one success. If attempted, however, he says 
it will be worth while to observe the follow- 
lowing precautions : “ Plant early and cover 
the roots deeper with soil or mulch than in¬ 
tended to remain during the growing season. 
In putting on this additional covering, be 
careful not to huup it up against the body of the 
tree. If soil is placed against the body of the 
tree, freezing, to any extent, injures tbe bark. 
If mulch, it affords a hiding pluco for mice.” 
His future planting—and be expects to koup 
at it so long as life lasts—will all be done iu 
tbe Spring. 
During the past month 80,647 immigrants 
landed at this port—a lurger uamber than dur¬ 
ing the corresponding month of any previous 
year. Among the various nationalities the 
Germans were considerably the most numer¬ 
ous, and they were mostly small farmers driven 
from home by light crops, heavy taxes and the 
odious burthen of compulsory military Service. 
A large proportion of the new-comers are 
bound for the West, and these are the most de¬ 
sirable class, for, as a rule, they have more 
capital, intelligence and character than those 
whose lack of means lorces them to over-crowd 
still more Ihe labor market in our Eastern 
cities. Apart from whatever sums of money 
these additions to our population may bring 
with them, their presence among na adds 
greatly to the nation’s wealth. The worth to 
the country of a man’s labor has been put at 
$1;000 ; that is, beyond supporting himself, he 
should add that amount in one way or another 
to the national wealth. Ou this basis it hu6 
been estimated that such a flood of immigrant* 
as are now flocking to this country must add 
the enormous sum of about $500,000,(X10 per 
aunum to Its wealth. This may be a trlflehigb ; 
but tbe Bureau of Statistics estimates that the 
immigration to our shores from ’65 to 75, 
when it was much less than now, added every 
year to our wealth an aggregate ot $125,000,000. 
