12 
TANIS. 
similarly appropriated in later times, but are as 
mucli broken up as those at San. The other 
Hyksos monuments that are known, are a table 
of offerings, found in Cairo, consecrated by Apepa; 
this probably came from Memphis. The upper 
part of a colossus of the Hyksos type found at 
Ivom Faris, near Medinet el Faium; a similar 
figure found on the Esquiline hill at Eome; and 
a monument found at Tell Mokdam, ■which has 
been ascribed to Salatis. 
It is to be noticed that the Hyksos inscriptions 
are always in a line down the right shoulder, 
never on the left; and on the great sphinx in 
the Louvre the Hyksos name is on the right 
side of the base. This honouring of the right 
shoulder in this Semitic people, is analogous to 
the particular offering of the right shoulder con¬ 
tinually enjoined in the Jewish law (Ex. xxix. 22; 
Lev. vii. 32, 33; viii. 26, 20; ix. 21; Numb, xviii. 
18). The Egyptians missed this idea, and in¬ 
scribed either side indifferently, showing no pre¬ 
ference for the left, which was their side of honour. 
The arrangement of the temple before Ramessu 
II. cannot even be guessed, as he made such an 
entire remodelling of the place, that the older 
work can only be described in isolated pieces, as 
in the preceding pages. 
CHAPTER II. 
SAN UNDER THE EMPIRE, T,AAN. 
17. Ha-ving now arrived at the Ramesside 
period, it becomes possible to give some con¬ 
nected outline of the architectural arrangements 
of the great temple, leaving aside for the present 
all detailed description of the monuments. Of 
the eighteenth dynasty there is no trace at San, 
a fact ■ndiicli is supposed by some persons to point 
to the continuance of the Hyksos here until 
the conquests of Ramessu II. 
The entrance to the temple was from the west, 
the side on -which the river flows at about half a 
mile distant; and it does not appear that the 
course of the river has changed, at least since 
Roman times, judging by the position of the 
mounds. As far as 430 feet in front of the pylon 
I found a rough pavement of small blocks of 
stone, five feet below the present surface, or 
about sixteen feet above low Nile level. A hun¬ 
dred feet nearer the temple the pavement was 
again found; and at a hundred feet nearer still, 
or about 230 feet in front of the pylon, the pave¬ 
ment was found once more "with remains of two red 
granite colossi of Ramessu II. On the south side of 
the axis lies one statue (Plan, 1), broken .off at 
the knees, from which it is eleven feet long, in a 
standing position, holding a long staff at the right 
side, much like the usual statues of Ramessu’s son 
Merenptah: while on the north side is a block 
of the base of a figure (Plan, 2), and a leg lying 
near it proves that there must have been a 
second statue in this position. It does not seem 
likely that Sheshonk III., in his rebuilding of the 
place, would have re-erected a pair of colossi of 
Ramessu, and still less likely that they would be 
set out in this position, so far in front of the 
pylon; and that they originally stood here is 
shown by the parts of two separate statues being 
found together, on opposite sides of the axis. It 
is therefore probable that Ramessu II. himself 
placed these colossi here (perhaps in the end of 
his reign, as the style is more like Merenptah’s), 
and that these were the advance guard of the 
temple precincts, from which some wall or avenue 
led up to the pylon. Beneath the statues and 
this pavement there lies over the sand nine and a 
half feet of made soil, with a line of large drain 
pipes, running down towards the river, below the 
roadway. This drain is formed of a number of 
cylindrical jars, their ends are cut out, and they 
are placed one in the other, so that there are 
three thicknesses in some parts. Nearer the river 
no drain was found, and the sand was not reached, 
the water-level standing at eleven and twelve feet 
below the pavement : how deep the made soil 
extends is therefore unknown hei'e. 
18. At about thirty-eight feet in front of 
