CHAP. I.—SAH BEFORE THE EMPIRE. 
7 
have originally been similar to the previous statue. 
On the front of the throne (pi. xiv. 1) are lines of 
inscription (11), but, unhappily, the lower part 
is lost, so that the name is unknown. Bamessn II. 
afterwards took this statue, and had all the 
dress -worked up into a ribbed pattern of folds, 
leaving parts of the old smooth surface at a 
higher level, just in the hollows under the arms. 
The hair -was also worked into w’avy tresses, 
parts of the old surface remaining also here. 
The face appears to be untouched, judging by 
its style and high finish. There has been 
a metal head-dress, probably a Bamesside addi¬ 
tion, and the tabular drill-holes for affixing this 
may be seen along the eyebrows, out into the 
black granite, besides a large drill-hole in the 
top of the head. The outer part of the balls of 
the thumbs -svere cut aw’ay toward the wrists, 
apparently being considered too massive and 
hea\'y for Bamesside style, though they are ren¬ 
dered wholly unnatural by the alteration. Finally, 
a long inscription adopting the statue was cut on 
the back and both sides. The cutting is in the 
bold, coarse style general in the Bamesside period, 
quite unlike the delicate and highly polished 
hieroglyphics of the twelfth dynasty on the front 
of the throne. To try and unify the whole 
thing, and ignore the theft, the titles of the 
old princess were repeated on the sides by 
Bamessu II. as part of his mother’s insfeiption. 
The body has been broken from the throne, and 
the base of the throne is lost, otherwise this 
curious example of misappropriation is in good 
condition. 
Another monument of the same period, also 
appropriated by Bamessu II., is a red granite 
obelisk (Plan, 261). The original engraving of 
this was only on the upper part of one side (shown 
in inscrip. 13), but Bamessu added his names in 
two columns below that, and on all the other 
sides of this obelisk (see inscrip. 60): it will also 
be seen that he erased the names of the older 
king to substitute his own, and the trace of the 
older cartouche is visible on the upper part 
between the two hawks, just below the shorter 
cartouche of Ba-user-ma, sotep-en-ra. Judging 
from the fact that the bee is also cut over an 
erasure, it seems as if the first name had had a 
different title, perhaps “ nuternofer,” or “ Sutekh 
nuter nofer;” if so, the obelisk would belong to 
the thirteenth or a later dynasty. The represen¬ 
tation of Nishem, however, is not very common; 
but this occurs also on the gateway of Amenem- 
hat I. at Esbet Helmy Pasha. Again, the style 
of the work is very good, and more like the 
twelfth than later periods. The adoration of 
Horus, Lord of the countries, is interesting, and 
seems to point to a conqueror in the twelfth 
rather than to the limited sovereignty of the later 
dynasties. The representation of hawks as regular 
supporters of the royal shield is not often seen. 
Altogether tliis is a curious monument, and makes 
us regret the insatiable egotism of its usurper. 
To the twelfth dynasty also must be attributed 
the two great red granite sphinxes ; one remain¬ 
ing at San (Plan, 51), broken in several pieces, 
and without the face, and the fellow, which is 
no-w the most striking object in the gallery of 
the Lou-vre. These sphinxes have passed through 
many appropriations, but they were executed in 
the twelfth dynasty, to judge by the fineness of 
the work, and the treatment of the details. On 
the chest of the sphinx in the Louvre may be 
seen traces of the so-called banner of a king, with 
a hawk above it. A fragment of the end of a 
sickle may be also distinguished on it, and this 
shows that it must be attributed to Amenemhat II. 
or Usertesen II. In the inscription (14 n) is 
shown the trace of the end of the standard, and 
of the lines of hair appearing in the midst of the 
later cartouche. The next name is that of the 
Hyksos Apepi (see-De Bouge, Notice des Monu¬ 
ments . . au Musee du Louvre, p. 22), of which 
I could only see the inscription (14 f) on the 
right side of the base; there is also an erased 
Hyksos inscription, beginning with “ Sutekh,” on 
the right shoulder. After this Merenptah appro¬ 
priated it, cutting out the earlier names with his 
