Uher die Palpen de)' Jihopfdoceren. 
283 
werden sogar diese Familien als so eng mit einander verbunden betrachtet, 
dass sie (meist als Sektionen oder Siibfamilien) in einer Familie vereinigt wer¬ 
den. Vor allem hat Sccdder die wahre Blutsverwandtschaft zwischen den 
Tp/caenidae und Erycinidae kräftig hervorgehoben und zugleich durch das Dar¬ 
legen einer ganzen Summe übereinstimmender und von allen Lebenstadien 
hergenommener Merkmale seiner Auffassung eine feste Jfegründung gegeben. 
Weil seine Ausführungen in eingehender und überzeugender Weise die gegen¬ 
seitigen Relationen der genannten Familien zu Tage treten lassen, erlaube ich 
mir dieselben z. T. wörtlich anzuführen. Scuddek sagt: „I have ventured to 
depart from the ordinary customs of entomologists by consideriug the Lemo- 
niinae and Lycaeniinae as subfamilies of one great group, instead of classing 
them as distinct families“.-„In brief, it may be said that these two groui)S 
beai’ to each other almost identical relations to those borne to each other by 
the Pierinae and Papilioninae. Those who consider these two latter groups 
as members of a single family sliould regard the Lj/cacniidae as forming a 
family group of similar signilicance“. - - - „The agreement of the two sub¬ 
families, Le)}ioniinae and Lycaeniuae, in the characteristics at this stage 
I Eistadium] of life are so complete that it is impossible with our slight know- 
ledge of the former, to formulate any satisfactory diagnostic distinctions“. 
„The Caterpillar as it leaves the egg is distinguished by the presence of 
chitinous annuli or lenticular elevations, serially arranged on the dorsal side 
of the body; these are not found at this stage, at least in the same region, 
in any other group, and they are here found in both of the subfamilies. The 
adult Caterpillar is remarkable for its generally onisciform shape, so that in 
the Lycaeninae at least they are recognizable at a glance“. - - - „In the 
other subfam., the Lemouiinae, there is greater variability of form, but we 
never ünd any with the great elongation of the body characteristic of all the 
other families“. - - - 
„The chrysalids of the two groups agree with each other again and differ 
from those of all others in their compactness and brevity, while at the same 
time they öfter one peculiarity, found in no other group and which holds here 
throughout both; viz., the head cannot be seen from above, being beut over 
and forming a part of the ventral surface only; sometimes the same is true 
of the last abdominal segment“. - - - „Add to this the character long known 
to he peculiar to them, the dose girding of the chrysalis, with the ftatness 
and uniformity of the ventral surface, characters wliicli with rare exceptions 
they share together and in which they dift'er from all other buttertlies, and it 
