67 
PE8 2 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
(See Fig. 6.) The lower joists should be two 
by twelve, placed 16 inches apart and bridged 
twice. The studding should be two by six 
and the length required, and the plates two by 
six doubled. Where the joists meet the 
sills or the studding the plates, they are to be 
spiked upon, not framed into each other. The 
size of the rafter must be governed somewhat 
by the roof supports. If, as at Fig. 6 (Fig. 39), 
they should be two by eight; if as at Fig. 4 or 
5, two by six. The first is the most common- 
sense way, if the posts in the loft are not in 
the way, as pressure upon this roof tends to 
push the building together, not apart The 
foot of these center-posts would rest on a beam 
directly over the ‘‘summer” in the cellar; see 
dotted lines. The end of the beam would be 
formed into upright posts six by six, and the 
middle would be supported a part of the way 
by the partition, the rest by a truss so that that 
great abomination in a carriage house, a post, 
would uot appear. Perhaps it would be better 
to put two “summers' 1 in the cellar and two 
trusses in the loft, and use three lengths of 
joists 12 feet instead of two 18 feet long. 
The latter method would also furnish good 
supports for the purliues, as in Fig. 4, or up 
right ones. If the patent roof is used (Fig. 5) 
no supports would be required. The outside 
covering could be of “drop ” siding one-inch 
thick, with wiudow frames set before it is 
put ou, or pieces could be toe-nailed between 
the studding, so that it could be boarded and 
battened vertically. To make the building 
look well, a gable should be placed over the 
large carriage-house doors. The roof should 
be steeo—above oue-quarter pitch—with ample 
projection. If the location is extra windy 
and cold, the three sides of the cellar wall 
might have a 2x4 scantling laid in the wall 
feet from the top. To this nail braces 
reaching to the joists above. Put lath aud 
plaster upon these, and there is a triangular 
shaped air-space at that portion of the wall 
which is above grouud. One sash of the 
double windows might also 1)6 furnished with 
double lights. Much cold usually gets in 
above the frames of windows and doors in 
stone walls, aud therefore care should he used 
to guard these points. 
Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. 
&ljc Vmnjarii. 
NIAGARA GRAPE CLUSTER. 
Eleven bunches of Niagara Grapes were re¬ 
ceived by us ou January S. 1884, four of which 
weighed from eight to ten ounces, the rest 
being smaller. Most of these grapes are in 
perfect condition, and are hanging remark¬ 
ably well to the stem for this season The 
average size is larger than that of the Con¬ 
cord; color Ught green; pulp tender and very 
juicy. The bunches are. falling apart; their 
quality varies, some being quite sprightly and 
sweet, while others are uot so good as the 
Concord. All are foxy. We present a draw¬ 
ing in 1 ig. 38, as the bunch appeared when 
received. 
THE GOLDEN POCKL1NGTON GRAPE. 
The Golden Pocklingtou does not in this 
section cotne up to the recommendations be 
stowed on it by those interested in its sale. I 
have two four-year-old vines which have so 
far made but little growth of wood, produc 
mg, the past season, a few clusters of a few 
berries each, the largest containing not over 
20. Neither made wood enough the past sea- 
sou—only what 1 have been compelled to cut 
back to three or four buds. A year ago last 
Spring I was induced by low prices ($75,00 
per 100) to plant 100 viues; so far the growth 
has been very unsatisfactory. I grafted them 
last Spring ou Isabella stock, which made an 
abundance of wood from which I hope next 
season to got a fair sample of the fruit, as the 
wood thoroughly ripened. I would not advise 
planting the newer varieties largely until such 
time as growers are satisfied they will do for 
the section, unless in the case of amateurs 
who have time and money for this amuse 
nient. The past season was unusually cold 
and disagreeable up to August Nearly all the 
varieties 1 have (about 100) were more or 
less injured by mildew of berry aud foliage. 
Ottawa Co., Ohio. oko. m. high. 
miner’s seedlings. 
^ iues of the Victoria and others of Miner’s 
seedlings can be had of T. S. Hubbard, Fredo- 
aia. N. Y, They will be true to nuiue. l. jt y. 
Remarks. —We do uot question that a num¬ 
ber of good nurserymen believe that they 
nave the true Victoria. Perhaps they have. 
W e have reason to think, however, that some 
of Miner’s Grapes were mixed.— Eds. 
comments. 
The editorial remarks, in a late Rural. 
about the ignorance of the general public 
with regard to foxiness of grapes was hardly 
strong enough. Not one person in a hundred 
knows anything about this quality, and it is 
the 100 buy era grape-growers care about, not 
the expert who tests our grapes to find some 
fault with them. Please don’t worry about 
those Kieffer Pear men. Aren’t the 999 of 
yonrsubscribera of more consequence than the 
one Kieffer Pear man. [We do uot like to be 
misunderstood as to our position regarding 
the Kieffer. It has much to commend it. We 
merely do not deem the quality as good as 
represented.— Eds.] Do let us have one disin¬ 
terested national agricultural paper in this 
country. Charge $3 or $4 for it; if it cannot 
be made up for the price now asked. 
Worcester Co., Mass. e. a estabrook. 
weighed at the same hour of the day regu¬ 
larly. 
Milk and Meal Fed Separately.—T he 
pigs were good Poland-Chinas, 86 days old 
when the test began, They were weighed 
every five days during the trial. There were 
two pigs in each lot. The trial began July 
22, 1881. 
Lot I received all the milk that could be 
consumed without waste. 
Lot II was fed corn meal soaked in water 
until slightly sour. 
Both lots were fed green clover from racks, 
but they soon showed so little care for it that 
its use was discontinued. 
The test continued 25 days, when the feed 
of the two lots was reversed, and after a week 
of intermission the experiment was continued 
25 days more, 
The following table shows the results: 
-7-T.r- . ir, - 
THE VALUE OF SWEET SKIM MILK 
AS STOCK FEED. 
O 5, 
5 ^5 
-M O . 
d « « 4/ 
3 x 
+* a -m Q 
■P te'»Q © 
• 5 * c 
t "S « Z - 
,s> © 
•d 
9 
8- 
H 
Meal fed. 
Clover eaten. 
Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. 
Lbs. 
Lbs. Lbs. 
First Trial.’ 
1. 113 1634 504 
116s 
.... 77 
( 
H. 1056$ 14*4 436$ 
.... 
169 154 
Second Trial... ' 
I 1734 231 614 
253 
/ 
II. 153 232 79 
1*264 
| 
.... .... 
From a bulletin of the Wisconsin Agricul- If we do not take into account the 
AVERAGE BUNCH OF NIAGARA GRAPES, AS IT 
1884.—Fig 38. 
tural Experiment Station we condense the 
following interesting experiments: 
One thousand pounds of average milk con¬ 
tain— 
APPEARED ON JANUARY 8, 
Caseine. ........S3 pounds. 
. 36 pounds. 
Milk sugar.« pounds. 
Mineral matter. 7 p OUlul8 . 
By settiug milk in deep cans, placed in cold 
water, the fat, or cream, can be removed be¬ 
fore any decomposition occurs. When we re¬ 
flect that in butter making only fat is removed 
from the milk, it will appear reasonable that 
skim milk, properly managed, should possess 
a high vulue for feediug purposes. 
Before describing the experiments, the fol¬ 
lowing poin ts should Ire uoted: The milk used 
in the experiments was well skimmed. It was 
perfectly sweet when fed. In the account of 
the experiments skim milk is always spoken of 
as "milk,” simply, to avoid repetition, and 
com meal as "meal.” In conducting the ex¬ 
periments, all possible precautions were taken 
to avoid error Theauimals were fed for at 
least a week before the experiment began upon 
the same food aud under the same conditions 
as during the trial. The food was always 
given by weight, and the animals were 
citen we find, as the average of the two trials, 
that 400 pounds of corn meal, or 1,900 pounds 
of milk were required to produce a gain of 
100 pounds, live weight. 
Feeding Milk and Meal Together.— 
Four lots of pigs, two in each lot, were used 
iu this trial. They were about the same age 
aud breeding as those described in the first 
experiment. The trial began August 31.1882. 
It was decided to feed Lot 1. in accordance 
with the German feeding standards as nearly 
as could be without special analyses of the 
feed. In sc* doing, if the standard was suited 
to our conditions, there should be no loss of 
any of the food elements, and growth should 
be attained at a minimum expense for food. 
Accordingly the food for this lot was 14 pounds 
of milk and three und one half pouuds of 
meal for 100 pounds of live weight The pigs 
were weighed every three days and the neces¬ 
sary amount of food for the next three days 
calculated from this weight. It will he seen 
that a definite amount of food was given each 
day in this trial. 
To Lot II were given 26 pounds of milk and 
two-and-one-half pounds of meal per 100 
pounds live weight. In this ration there was 
an excess of protein of about 40 per cent'. 
Lot III was fed an excess of 33 per cent, of 
carbohydrates by allowing nine pounds of milk 
and five and-one-half of meal per 100 pounds 
of live weight. 
Lot IV received all the corn meal, soaked 
until slightly sour, that could be eaten. 
The trial lasted 18 days with the following 
results: 
Lot. 
Zb 
£"3 
P 
-- 
Weight at 
close. i 
a 
73 
Milk fed. 
Meal ed. 
Lbs. 
Lbs. 
Lbs. 
I. 
1774 
59 
403 lbs., 5oz. 
77 lbs , 10 oz. 
ir. 
122% 
199 
764 
733 lbs., B oz. 
70 lbs , 3 oz. 
iii. 
124 
2004 
764 
257 lbs., 1 oz. 
156 lbs., 3oz. 
IV. 
1234 
, 
334 
0 
163 lbs. 
We observe that at the rates of increase 
given. Lot I would require 130 pounds of meal 
and 680 pounds of milk lor 100 pounds of 
growth. Granting that co r n meal be worth 
$1.00 per 100 pounds and pork $5.00 per 100 
pounds, live weight, the milk fed in this way 
would be worth 54 ceuts per 100 pounds. 
M ith Lot II 960 pounds of milk and 96 
pounds of meal would be necessary to pro¬ 
duce 100 pounds of pork, aud with prices al¬ 
lowed as with Lot I, the milk would be worth 
only 40 cents per 100 pounds. 
With Lot HI there would be required 200 
pounds of meal and 330 pounds of milk for 100 
pounds of growth. In this case the milk is 
worth 90 cents per hundred pounds. 
With Lot IV 500 pounds of meal would be 
required for 100 pounds of growth. This al¬ 
lows just one dollar per 100 pounds for the 
meal. 
Four very lean shotes, of uncertain age and 
breeding, were purchased for another trial. 
They took kindly to good care, and for six 
weeks previous to the trial made fair gains, 
showing they were not stunted. They were 
placed in pens, in pairs, and to Lot I were given 
milt and meal at the rate of tbree-and-one- 
half pounds of milk to one pound of meal. 
The first day of the trial this lot received 31% 
pounds of milk and nine pouuds of meal; after 
thet and to the close of the test it was fed 12 
pounds of meal aud 42 pounds of milk, in three 
feeds, per day. 
To Lot 11 were given 10 pounds of milk to 
one of meal. During the first day of the trial 
this lot was fed four-and-one-half pounds of 
meal and 45 pounds of milk. Alter the first 
day it received - ix pounds of meal and 60 
pounds of milk, in three feeds, daily. 
The pigs were weighed daily during the 
whole test. The trial began May 31,1S83. and 
lasted 25 days, with the following results: 
Lot. 
** , • 
s * 
*5 
"3 * 
M 
•*3 
Cj 
a 
Meal eaten. 
Milk eaten. 
Lbs. 
Lbs. 
Lbs. 
Lbs. 
Lbs. 
I. 
.. 295 
4234 
1284 
297 
10394 
II. 
-1 ™ 
40n 
100 
US4 
1485 
From this we see that Lot I required 230 
pounds of meal and 800 pounds of milk for 100 
of gain. I lacing the same value on meal and 
pork as before, the milk would be worth 34 
cents per hundred pounds. 
Lot II required 148 pounds of meal and 
1,485 pounds of milk for 100 pounds of gam. 
This gives to the milk a value of 24 cents per 
hundred pounds. 
While tbe reader will notice a large varia¬ 
tion in the value of the milk fed in these two 
experiments last detailed, it will appear 
plain that in the most economical feeding a 
large amount of meal should be fed with the 
milk. It will be noticed that the greatest gam 
for a given amount of food was with the third 
lot of pigs iu the second experiment, where 
two pouuds of meal were fed with three-and- 
oue third of milk. 
The greatest mistake Wisconsin dairymen 
are making to-day is in not paying more at¬ 
tention to selecting and rearing calves from 
their best milking cow s. W hile shrew d iu se¬ 
lecting and purchasing good milking animals, 
they are often carelessly indifferent as to sav¬ 
ing any of the calves of such cows because of 
the cost or trouble of caring for them. 
Thousands of calves are slaughtered in the 
State every year that have iu them the ele¬ 
ments of as good milkers as most of the cows 
imported from other countries at large prices. 
Use of Nitrate of Soda,— The Director 
of the N. J. Ex. Station thinks that the pres¬ 
ent market prices warrant the Station in 
recommeuding nitrate of soda as a valuable 
top-dressing for wheat. For nearly fifty 
years it has been used for this purpose in Eng¬ 
land, aud as a recent field experiment on the 
College Farm shows, it is well worthy of a 
trial by farmers. In this experiment it in¬ 
creased the yield of wheat from 27 bushels per 
acre to 34 bushels; it increased the weight of 
straw by nearly 1,600 pounds, and, as far as 
can be judged at present, favorably influ- 
