€LOD €mSHERAmLEV JSLKR 
jSEE ADVERTISEMENT ON PAQEtSH 
which is conducted to the end of the sheath in 
a groove; aud in order that the original darts 
may not be withdra wn too soon for this pur¬ 
pose, they have each nine or teu barbs at the 
points to retain them. The insect ejects the 
poison by means of a muscle eucireliug the 
bag at the base of the sting, in which bag the 
venom is secreted.” The chemical parts of 
the poison have thus far remained undiscov¬ 
ered ; but it partakes of the nature of an acid, 
as it will redden the vegetable blues. 
The bee possesses a remarkable vision. When 
it is fully loaded, and wishes to return to the 
hive, it immediately rises in the air, deter¬ 
mines the site of its home, and then flies 
thereto with the directness of au arrow; hence 
the expression, “he made a bee-line.” This 
indicates that the eyes of bees have a length¬ 
ened focus, which enables them to discern ob¬ 
jects at a great distance. This is essential to 
their existence; fordid they not possess this 
gift, they would constantly be getting into the 
wrong hive. 
Much discussion has taken place in regard 
to the sense of taste as developed iu the bee. 
Some apiarians aver that it is the most imper¬ 
fect sen-c, as they have been frequently seen 
sipping the putrid waters of marshes when a 
purer article could be as easily obtained; tint 
they probably resort to putrid water on ac¬ 
count of its saline properties. Xenophon 
found that his men were injured by eating 
honey which had been gathered from delete¬ 
rious plants Honey from a particular flower 
iu the Isle of Jersey was found unfit for use 
from its intoxicating qualities, yet at the 
same time the bees throve wonderfully upon 
it. What is hurtful to man may not prove so 
to the bees. We know they prefer certain 
flowers, and always select the richest; and 
when allowed a choice of substances, they will 
eat some with avidity and reject others. The 
senses of taste and smell are, without doubt, 
so closely connected, that the influence of the 
one or the other can scarcely be discerned. 
amt gtotchinevy 
VETERAN CORN SHELLER and ONE HORSE POWER 
32V Revolutions of Tumbling Rod to one round 
of Hoi *so. 
30 bushels pr hour. 
BEES AND BEES.—No. 4, 
H. A. EARHAHT, 
NATURAL BISTORT. 
A WO slender organs, situated in 
frontof the eyes, which have 
an outward curve on each 
side, are called the autenna?, 
^!§|| I fcfo or feelers. It is altogether 
/:$£ probable that these articu- 
lated feelers aid the bees in 
moving about in the dark 
interior of the hive. These 
* autennff* are very sensitive, 
and are of great use to the bee in all the work 
and employments of the hive. 
The mouth of a bee is a very complicated 
arrangement. With the maudibles the bees 
break fi iod, and with them they work wax into 
the required shape in building their combs. 
Many of the functions of the tongue are 
performed by the proboscis, which is “a long, 
slender projection composed of about 40 car¬ 
tilaginous rings, fringed with fine hairs. From 
the base of this, on each side, rise the labial 
feelers, instruments also fringed or feathered 
interiorly; aud outside of these are the lower 
jaws similarly provided With hairs. When 
the feelers aud jaws close iu on the proboscis, 
they form a sheath or defence for it. Natu¬ 
ralists used to term it a tube; but they now 
know that it acts by rolling about and Japping 
up, by meaus of the fringes around it, every¬ 
thing to which it is applied. The gathered 
material is then conveyed into the gullet at 
its base, wheuce it passes into the internal 
organs. ’’ 
“ To the trunk or thorax of the bee. exte¬ 
riorly, are attached the muscles of the wings 
aud legs. The wings consist of two pairs of 
unequal size, which are hooked to one another, 
iu order to act in concord, aud steady the 
movements in flying- The bee has three pairs 
of legs, of which the anterior are Ute shortest 
and the posterior the longest. All of the legs 
are formed upou the same principle as those 
of man—having articulations for the thigh, 
leg and foot, with some minor joints iu the 
latter part. The hind legs are marked bv a 
special and beautiful provision. This is a 
cup-like cavity on the tibia, which is for the 
important purpose of receiving the kneaded 
pollen that the bee collects in its wanderings. 
The legs are thickly studded with hairs, and 
more particularly the cavity mentioned, in 
which the materials have to lie retained se¬ 
curely.” 
To each foot there are attached small hooks, 
with the aid of which the bee is enabled to 
suspend itself from the top of the hive aud in 
various other positions. Huber found inclose 
proximity to the wings spiracles, or air open¬ 
ings. which were douhtless intended to admit 
air ami perform the various functions of res¬ 
piratory organs. We know that a supply of 
oxygen is as necessary to support the life of 
bees as it is that of uiau; and it has been prac¬ 
tically demonstrated that these spiracles are 
the vessels by which respiration is effected. 
“Bees die in au exhausted receiver,aud be¬ 
come asphyxiated when shut up iu numbers 
in close bottles. They perish iu water, if only 
the spiracles are under the surface; and the 
use of these apertures is then made apparent 
by the bubbles which escape from them under 
water.” Again, bees ventilate their hives when 
the air becomes vitiated. It is evident from 
the above facts that oxygen is as essential to 
their well-being as it is to warm-blooded ani¬ 
mals. 
The honey bag, or first stomach of the bee, 
is the gullet, which is distended like a bag. 
Digestion never takes place here; it is the re¬ 
ceptacle for the fluid sweets gathered by the 
bee from the flowers. By the muscles in the 
coats of this bag, the bee possesses the ability 
to expel the honey contained in the bag, and 
thus empty it into thecells. The second or food 
stomach is the one where the food is digested, 
aud iu this one the wax is secreted with which 
the combs are built. 
Iu close proximity to the stomach is another 
very important organ, which is the most for¬ 
midable of all—as many have learned to their 
sorrow—the sting. “ Muck beautiful mechan¬ 
ism is observed on a microscopical examina¬ 
tion of this weapon, so powerful in compari¬ 
son to its bulk, it consists of two long darts, 
adhering longitudinally, aud strongly pro¬ 
tected by one principal sheath. This sheath 
is supposed to be first thrust nut iu stiugiug, 
and its power to pierce may be conjectured 
from the fact that, when viewed through a 
glass that magnifies a fine needle poiut to the 
breadth of a quarter of au inch, the extremity 
of the sheath ends so finely as to be invisible. 
The sheath once inserted, then the two still 
finer darts follow, and make a further punc¬ 
ture, The use of this is to receive the poison, 
Power suited for Running 
C burns, Pumps and all light farm work. 
"Write for Circulars. Address 
SANDWICH MANUFACTURING CO., Sandwich, Ill 
THE COOLEY CREAMERS 
foTct c&nthVr SPidMLq o 
FIVE GOLD MEDALS and ELEVEN SIL- |h r (r 
VE R MEDALS awarded for Supeiiority PH j u ijHiK 
of Process and Product. r: 1 ' 
AMONG THEM j- U- w HI Hj IfiW 
T11K GOLD MliOAL at I THE GOLD MEDAL at Vtf I 1 
PYUCE OF INDUSTRY, PALACE OK INDUSTRY, JlS T. I l'a|U 
Paris, France, 1870. | Paris, Franck, 18h 2. { V, jr! E. 3 
after weeks of competitive tests with the leading Mlllc Set- J|l •§■'.JS 
ting Apparatus of the WORLD. ^ 
IN DAILY TTSE Iu over 80,000 DA IRIKS and FACTORIES. VS ***"*—' 
They Raise the most Cream ano make the Best Bitter. ^ STyI y 
| THE DAVIS SWING CHURN, 
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Because It makes the most butter from a given amount of cream. Because no 
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AX Dairies and Factories. Send for Illustrated Circulars. 
VERBIONT TARM MACHTNH CO .j Uellotc » /•'«//.», IV. 
cabinet style 
LETTERS FROM COUSINS 
Dear Uncle Mark: — l will now send the 
money for seeds, for I would not miss them 
for anything, especially the flower seeds. I 
love flowers, and could not get along without 
some. 1 would like to correspond with some 
Cousins near the sea-coast from the East. West, 
or South. The weather out here is quite 
cold. No snow fell until about eight days 
ago (December 1C) when it began snowing, 
aud snowed steadily for four or five day’s, so 
thatnovv there is good sleighing. I am going to 
school tins Winter aud have only one-half 
mile to walk. Our place is bounded on the 
north by a State road or avenue, and on the 
south by a railroad, and there is another road 
ruuuing through the center of the farm, so 
we (my sisters and myself) have a nice road 
during the Winter, even in the stormiest 
weather. I do not think 1 could tell which 1 am 
most int rested in, history or farming; both 
are very interesting. At present I am most 
interested in art. Some time I will send 
Uncle Mark a specimen of my painting if he 
will accept of it. 1 wonder what Uncle got 
from Old Santa Claus. Well. I will draw my 
letter to au end, as u is not a very interesting 
one. YourNeice, pansy. 
Mason C'o., Mich. 
[Any of the Cousins living iu the localities 
you name can correspond with you by sending 
me their addresses, which I will forward to 
you. 1 should be delighted to receive a sam¬ 
ple of your art work. 1 was remembered by 
one Cousin at least, as somebody sent me a 
worsted-worked perforated card-board. It 
was very pretty, and the words worked iu it 
were, “To My Dear Uncle.” I wonder who 
sent it? uncle mark.] 
ENGINE 
WORKS i 
ATLAS 
Send for 
Catalogue 
and 
Prices. 
INDIAN APOLI 8 , INP., U. 6 . A. 
W MANUFAOTCBXBB OF __ 
STEAM ENGINES 
m BOILERS. 
Rfl^lQlHlTT 7ft r 
CjR^qv rNfl!MCSv*4 « «i *»s oil .xvncTv ti*ws?im»m IP ivw 
/ trdtnu 
, if you are in- 
terested iu FaruiinK.Oar- 
^ <1 on it ik or Truck) UK. for our 
^ ' NEW ( ATALOUIT, contain- 
iuK 32 puKes and over -IO illustra- 
Tl.e IHC.W » ULM-O t , 
st a-aju, together with recent Improve¬ 
ments, place tiio ** PLANET __ 
.li Farm and Oar- f 
den Implements be- A ^ 
y on*l nil Com- ^ 
petition. / 
tions, 
^ describ¬ 
ing fully the 
S. L. ALLEN & CO 
127 aV 120 
Catharine St, 
IMiilu. 
PLANET Jr. 
Horse lloc*, 
tor*, .Seed-Drills, 
Potuto-Dlutfoi'*, 
tests perfectly to depth and number of kernels wanted. You 
i see the seed for each Hill before planting it. All possible 
Semi for circular ami price. _ . . M v 
WIARD PLOW CO., Batavia, N.Y. 
Dear Uncle Mark:— I thought I would 
write a few liues to let you know what I raised 
from the piece of land Pa gave me. I raised 
some radishes and lettuce, and quite a good 
many tomatoes. We had tomatoes from August 
to October. We also had about one half a bush¬ 
el of carrots nnd about one-half a bushel of 
onions. Have any of the Cousins tried trans¬ 
planting onions ! I have tried it, and they 
grew as well as those that were not trans 
planted. I have some parsnips and cabbages. 
1 have got u pullet, and will tell you about her 
next Summer. The flower seeds you sent me 
did nicely. From your neice. 
Union Co., Iowa. elta child. 
REID’S 
CREAMERY 
SIMPLEST & BEST. 
I | Agents Wanted 
BUTTER WORKER 
Most Effective and Convenient 
Alsu Power Workers, 
Cap'ctty 10,000 lbi.per DAY 
Butter Printers, Shlpplnu 
Vioxtu, etc, Sir •/ farcircular. 
A. H. REID, 
26 S. 16 th Struct, Phila., Pi. 
Monarch and Young America. 
Corn nnd Col) Mill*. 
Tfffitjil iirfy Only mills made with 
, . Vgtfilnr Cast * 'ant Steel Grinders. 
" , l iff ... Wurrauted superior to 
.r rvuy In iWe for all pur- 
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” ruu easier und wear Ioiik 
or. Satisfaction miarau- 
i teed- Also L'oru Shellers, 
iftF Feed Cutters Older Mills. 
= .ugPx c-ic. Send for circulars aud 
Manufactured by 
WHITMAN AGRICULTURAL CO., 
ST. LOUTS, MO, 
A NOTE. 
I have on hand quite a number of interest¬ 
ing letters, which will be published as space 
will permit. Do not be discouraged if your’s 
does not appear rigbtaway.Have you 
sent iu your name and age to bo placed on the 
new Club list, beginning with January 1, 
1884?.Don’t forget the Discussion. 
UNCLE MARK, 
lor I’liinpiiiif or lor Power 
HAND and POWER - , I., II.. 
Corn Shellers ffi® 
II0R8E POWERS. 
Feed-Grinders aud, 
Corn Cultlvutois, 1 
Iron I'umpat&c. 
Marielllei Manufacturing Oo.. 
Mabsbiu.ks, LaSai.lr Co. Ill, 
