MARCH ( 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
for lljc Doumv 
FLOWER BEDS. 
URSA MAJOR. 
ANY of the Cousins, have, no 
doubt, seen the pretty designs 
for flower-beds given in seeds¬ 
men's catalogues, and I will 
try to tell them how to make 
some of the most common 
ones. Provide yourself with 
a JO-foot pole and a cord about 
20 feet long, at one end of 
which is a round stake about 
a foot long and an inch-and a-balf in diameter, 
having a notch cut around it near the top. 
The cordis tied loosely in this notch so that it 
will turn around the stake without winding 
upon it. To the other end of the cord is fas¬ 
tened a pointed stake about a foot long and an 
inch square, with a horse-shoe nail or piece of 
wire driven into each side about three inches 
from the point and then bent down, forming a 
hook. That part of the cord which is not used 
is wound around the stake above the hooks, 
and then passed under oue of the hooks to 
keep it from unwinding. This is used to 
draw arcs and circles, aud is easily under¬ 
stood. The 10-foot pole should be divided 
into feet, one foot of which should be divided 
into quarter inches. It mu9t be perfectly 
straight, as it is to be used as a ruler to draw- 
straight. lines, 
I will now give a few geometrical princi¬ 
ples required in the construction of the fol¬ 
lowing desigus: 
I. Through « given point, to draw two 
straight lines perpendicular to each other .— 
Draw- a straight line, B C (Fig. 1), through 
r> D 
3 —v— 
F/d / 
ohe given point, A. Take the points D and E 
at equal distances from A. Then, from the 
points D and E as centers, with a 
greater than D A, describe two arcs intersect¬ 
ing each other at F. Find, in like manner, on 
the other side of line B C, a second point, G. 
Draw a straight line through the points Fand 
G, and the two lines will be perpendicular 
to each other, and the angles D A F, F A E, 
etc., form rightaugles. This principle will be 
referred to quite often, aud should be well 
understood. 
II. Through a given point, to draw aline 
parallel to a given line .—Let A be the given 
point (Fig. 2), and B C the given line. From 
A, as a center, with a radius greater than the 
shortest distance from A toB C.dtscribe the in¬ 
definite arc D E. From the point D as a cen¬ 
ter, with the same radius, describe the arc A 
F. Also, from the point D as a center, with 
a radius equal to A F, describe an arc cutting 
D E in G. Draw a line through the points A 
and G. The line A G is parallel 10 the given 
line B C. This is useful in constructing par¬ 
allelograms and laying out a line parallel to 
a walk or fence. 
III. To construct a rectangle, haring given 
the length and breadth .—Construct a right 
angle as given at Fig. 1, having one corner 
of the desired rectangle as the given point. If 
you wish it to be parallel to a walk or fence, 
draw one of the liues parallel, as given at Fig. 
2. On the line A C (Fig 3), lay off AD equal 
3 
to the length of the rectangle, and on the line 
A B, lay off A E equal to the breadth of the 
rectangle. Then, from the point E as a cen¬ 
ter, with a radius equal to A D, and from the 
point D, as a center, with a radius equal to A 
E, describe ares cutting each other at F. 
Draw the lines E Fand F D. To construct a 
square, make the length and breadth equal, 
and use the same rule. 
IV. To construct an equilateral triangle , 
having given the length of one side .—Draw 
the line A B (Fig. 4), and make it equal to 
the given side. From the points A aud B as 
ceuters, with a radius equal to the length of 
the given side, describe two arcs cutting each 
other at C. Draw- the lines C A and C B. 
Fig. 5 is a design formed from an equi¬ 
lateral triangle. From the points A, B and 
C as centers, with a radius equal to one-half of 
the length of one side of the triangle, describe 
arcs meeting at the center of each side. 
Concluded next week. 
LETTERS FROM THE COUSINS. 
Dear Uncle Mark:—O f course, I want to 
be a member of the Horticultural Club. I 
joined last Spring but have not written 
since, I have about all I can do now as I am 
away from home at school. This term I take 
history, geography, grammar, physiology, 
elocution and spelling. I shall finish algebra 
in one term more; I should have done so this 
term but there is an advanced class. 
Last, Spring 1 started a garden, but it did 
not amount to anything. The woodchucks 
ate some of my cablwigesand it was so late t hat 
I did not transplant any more. The squash 
bugs ate the cucumbers, but I have a w-ay now 
to get rid of them. I take a bottomless box 
about six inches high arul^^mt it around each 
-ViHTfuis keeps them off.^ Ilfsome one please 
tell me a way to get rid of cabbage worms? 
What cabbages of mine the woodchucks did 
not. eat, the worms did. 1 tried pepper and 
w-hiting. but they did no good. leant find 
any way but to pick them off one by one and 
kill them 
1 received the seeds you so kindly sent me, 
but had no flowers from them, they came so 
late. I did not expect any, and had not saved 
anyplace for tbeui. We have a nice bed of 
Sweet Williams for next Summer. We had 
some lovely pansies last Summer (about 150 
varieties), and we saved more than a table¬ 
spoonful of clear seed: there w-as nearly a pint 
with the shucks on. I wish you could have 
seen the pansies. I send you some seed. 
Yours truly, marian hinds. 
Madison Co., N. Y. 
[Thanks for the seed. Look in last week’s 
issue in Youths’ Department for a remedy for 
cabbage worms. uncle Mark.] 
Dear Uncle Mark: —The boys of the 
school 1 attend arc trying to see how- many 
kinds of wood they can get. We have got 
over 40 kinds already. I think that some of 
the Cousins had t etter try and see how many 
kinds of wood they can get, and tell some¬ 
thing about them. We raised 15 White Ele¬ 
phant Potatoes this year weighing twopounds 
apiece. What is good for a calf eight, weeks 
old fed on skim-milk. nova scotia. 
[Your suggestion is a good one. and we hope 
you will .set the others an example by telling 
about, your own. You don’t say that any¬ 
thing is the matter with your calf, so I don’t 
see how 1 can do anything for it. The pota¬ 
toes were big ones.— Uncle Mark.] 
THE YOUNG QUERIST 
B. C. U., Poughkeepsie, N. Y —What is the 
most productive vegetable I can plant next 
Spring? 
A.NS. —There is no vegetable that will yield 
more on a given piece of ground, if properly 
grown, than cabbages. But 1 do not think 
them just the thing for a girl to raise. Sup¬ 
pose you try cucumbein or tomatoes; they 
will probably give you as much satisfaction, 
aud will yield in plenty, if well cared for. 
I WOULD suggest that the Cousins curefully 
read the essay upon “ Flower Beds.” You can 
make use of the rules laid down when making 
your flower beds this Spring. 
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