cept the middle space 16 by 16, where t.he 
wagon stands to unload hay. These doors are 
used for the storage of machinery and all 
kinds of “ plunder,” which are takeu up by 
rope aud pull.y attached to the rafters above. 
My hay-rack is Hi feet long, and just tits the 
space not floored, referred to. wheiethe hay 
is elevated by horse-power. and conveyed by 
carrier to either end of the mow. it is simply 
fun to unload hay. 
man, say there would never be any more ot 
this disease? If so, then lie must admit that it 
never had any origin, for if it is always conta¬ 
gious aud never spontaneous, ami may be ex¬ 
tirpated completely and never appear again, 
and could not be originated now; then it never 
was originated, and the first hog that ever 
lived took the disease from some hog that 
lived before it and gave the disease to it; all 
of which is pure nonsense; but yet it is the 
logical and reasonable deduction from the 
statement of Prof. Law. 
The doctors who are perversely preaching 
this nonsense are doing much harm. Why is 
not hog cholera all over the East as well as 
the West, if it is a virulent, contagious dis¬ 
ease, when thousands of car-loads of live hogs 
are brought from infected localities into 
be forced to feed by starvation, but it would 
make no fat, for before an animal fatteus, it 
must at least be free from pain. 
This Kansas disease is said to be foot-and- 
mouth disease. I doubt it very much. Foot 
disease, from inflammation caused by ex¬ 
posure to freezing mud, or frozen sn^iv, aud 
slush, or filth, is quite cornmou all over the 
country, and the Kansas cattle are probably 
affected in this way. It is not a Winter dis¬ 
ease. but is most common in hot weather, and 
if there is any true foot-and-month disease in 
the West. it. has been carried there by im¬ 
ported cattle. Probably as soon as the hill 
for the Bureau of Animal Industry has be¬ 
come a law, there will be less heard of these 
diseases. To one wlm has watched this busi¬ 
ness for a few years, it. has all the appearance 
FUN OF MOW FLOOR 
8 FEET ABOVE EARN 
FLOOR. * - 
Fig. 106. 
The bood or shed at the east, end of the barn 
over the stable and feed-room doors, is an in¬ 
dispensable necessity, keeping all under it 
always dry. There is a space, 8 by 16 feet, 
under the projection at the entrance to the 
drive-way, which may be used for a few sheep, 
or calves,or a sow and pigs. The little crib in the 
feed-room between the horse-stables, shown in 
Figure 104, will hold about 250 bushels of 
corn, and is just where corn is wanted for 
horses. 
The ventilators shown in Figs. 101, 102 and 
10.1, on top of the baru, serve their purpose so 
perfectly that in the warmest weather there is 
always a good supply of fresh air, so that in 
mowing hay, one does not experience that 
sense of suffocation which is experienced in 
many barns. 1 
The siding or weather -boarding is 18 feet ] 
in length, cut of clear poplar, grown on the ( 
farm, well seasoned, aud the cracks stripped < 
or battened, the lumber being dressed aud i 
thoroughly protected by three coats of paint. < 
The roof is spouted with the best quality of i 
tin. There is a lightning-rod, not shown in 
the engraving, which is quite au orna¬ 
ment, and is intended as a protection 
against lightning, and lightning-rod ped- ‘ 
dlers, as I think it cheaper to rod the bam 
than to fight off the itinerant, venders of 
the. ‘'best rod on earth." There are no floors 
near the surface of the ground under which 
rats can find a burrowing place; consequently 
they have to “ hunt, their holes ” Rats are 
now more numerous aud destructive here¬ 
abouts than ever, yet there are very few about 
my barn, the cats keeping them in subjection. 
Usually after one lias built a barn or house, 
he soon realizes that he has made many mis¬ 
takes which he would correct, if be were to 
build again. After two years’ experience with 
my barn, 1 am better satisfied with it than I 
expected, and if I were to build again, 1 think 
1 could do no better than to adopt the same 
general plan. In fact, it is so convenient that 
one of my friends termed it the “ lazy man’s 
barn." 
This same general plan is adapted to a build¬ 
ing upon level ground,except that the drive- 
wav at entrance will have to be higher, if it is 
desired to have stabling under the drive-way; 
otherwise the drive-way floor need be but 
little elevated above the level of the ground. 
Westfield, lud. 
(tl)£ tjcrtismun. 
NOTES BY A STOCKMAN. 
The subject of cattle diseases is just now a 
very promiuent one. It is having its boom, 
and, like all other booms, it is worked to 
make money. This is so evident that it Is plain 
to “a man with half an eye.” “The wayfar¬ 
ing man, though a fool, cannot err” about it. 
Instances are “as plenty as blackberries.” 
Some time ago, in relation to the statement 
that hog cholera was abolished in the West, 
aud that it was impossible to get any virus 
for experimenting upon, I remarked that 
when the season came around there would be 
just as much of it as before, and there is, it 
the reports of the wide appearance of the dis¬ 
ease are to be believed, and, of course, they 
are, for as the disease is produced by well- 
known conditions, it will always appear when 
these conditions arc present, 
I notice that Prof. Law states that this im¬ 
ported disease (hog cholera), might be extir¬ 
pated completely for about one million dol¬ 
lars. Surely Prof. Law, who is a sensible 
man, cauuot mean that. Let us suppose 
every hog in the country was destroyed in 
the most effective mauner—cremated, for in¬ 
stance—and a new stock was procured from 
an entirely healthy source, and we should be¬ 
gin to treat these hogs in the same old manner 
again, will Prof. Law, or any other reasonable 
SOUTH SIDE. 
These doors 
open 
r-T-r- 
| This entrancn projects 
,— - 8 feut 
oy stone bxt/nents. 
Double dco» T ‘ J 
10 ted wiciv. ^ 
Onveway a 
I through 
/ ta'ement i_ _ 
--— 
1 ^ 
1 M 
= 'I 
.| 
^ 1 ’ 
i—rs-si. . - 
V I •—i-r 
WIND! WS N • WITH 
Z<‘ < ■ WOODEN SHUTTERS INSICE. 
; '■> \ extendi"g 
across and 
ct baffn over stable 
and feed room 
Fig. 102. 
Eastern cities, and from them spread into 
Eastern farm-yards? It is simply because the 
conditions which are favorable to the disease, 
do not prevail on Eastern farms. If Eastern 
farmers can keep their swine healthy, it would 
seem to be reasonable that Western farmers 
might do the same. 
There is an old story about an ox that was 
gored, which applies to this matte)’, if hun¬ 
dreds of thousands of hogs con be brought 
from places where a contagious disease is rife, 
and the disease does not spread, why should 
there be so much fear that a few diseased 
cattle in Eastern swill-milk stables, which are 
not taken to the West, should convey the ilis- 
ease thit her 1 Certainly there seems to be no 
cause for alarm among the Western stock- 
men. As I am personally interested in a 
Western stock enterprise, it should not be sup¬ 
posed that I am locally prejudiced ou this 
question, of which there is certainly “ much 
ado about nothing.” I consider our American 
climate the healthiest in the world for stock, 
of a big scare, with very little reason. The 
bill will be passed and signed, beyond a doubt, 
and perhaps it may be a good thing to have 
such a law. 
But owners of stock everywhere should be 
a law unto themselves, and by practising care 
in feeding, and, especially, in keeping their 
cattle clean, avoid the risk of disease. 
The early lambs are now appearing, and 
wherever the howl of the dogs is not heard, 
the pleasant bleat of the lamb is. Lambs are 
supposed to be tender tilings. On the con¬ 
trary, tiler 1 ’ is no other young animal that has 
so much vitality as a lamb, if It only has 
plenty of food aud can get it. Very often it 
needs help to reach the teat and to get the 
milk. The ewe’s tents are often closed with 
a gluey, sticky substance, which should be 
forced out and the milk started; then, if the 
lamb is held to the teat it will come to, when 
it has seemed past hope, and in a day will 
skip, if it can get but a ray of sunshine to start 
it. Look closely after the lambs. 
I / \ 
WEST END 48 FEET BESIDES PROJECTION AT ENTRANCE. 
Fig. 103. 
but our system of keeping stock is very far 
from being healthful or even humane, and 
this is the secret of the whole trouble. 
Alas! what a vast amount of suffering is 
involved in our present system of herding 
cattle! Think of it, just now. Accounts are 
coming from Kansas of wretched beast* going 
about without hoofs; some with feet lost to 
the ankles, and feeding upon the stumps; and 
the owners are discussing if such animals can 
be made fat. Let these owners put themselves 
—in fancy only—in place of these miserable 
creatures, aud ask themselves how they would 
thrive and grow fat, going to dinner on the 
stumps of their legs, from which the feet hail 
dropped off at the ankles, and with what ap¬ 
petite they could eat. A wretched beast might 
Poinolflgkhl 
FLORIDA ORANGES. 
|R. N.-Y. Editorial Notks ] 
coived weekly from Florida. In a jobbing 
way, prices per case are as follows for Indian 
River oranges: Selected, $5 to #6; Creased, 
84 to $4 50; Russets, SO to 84. 
All Florida oranges aie packed in crates or 
cases, uniform in size, and holding 06, 128, 144, 
160, 176, or 200, according to the size of the 
oranges, the number contained being stamped 
on the end of each case, “Selected' are of 
even size, good color, in every way perfect, 
those running from 12S to 160 being the most 
salable, and bringing the most money. 
‘•Creased” are those of good, even size, good 
color, but having ou oue side a place where 
the skin is puffy aud u little wrinkled, which, 
when pressed with the finger, appears not 
thicker than brown paper, and seems scaly. 
These oranges are as sweet and good for eat¬ 
ing as the best, but will not keep quite as long. 
“Russet" oranges, as theirnome implies, have 
a brown, rusty skin, covering more or less of 
the orange. This skin is much thinner anil 
tougher than that ou the bright oranges, 
and the Russets will handle, keep and 
ship even better than the others; but the 
skin gives hetu an uninviting appearance, 
aud henoe, as will be seen, they sell for about 
82 per case less than the best . We bought a 
ease of the ltest, Russets for $3.50; it contained 
160 perfect oranges, aud we found every 
one us sweet, juicy and good as the “Se¬ 
lected,” anil we wondered, why people would 
pay so much more just, for looks: but it is the 
old story repeated, "That which pleases the 
eye. sve take in preference to that which sat¬ 
isfies the taste.” 
Those oranges that were frozen ou the trees 
during the past Winter were injured but very 
little in appearance or in keeping qualities, 
but they were light in weight, spongy and 
dry; were a drug on tbe market, selling at 
from 50 cents to $2.50 per case, and while 
they cannot be readily sold themselves, they 
are hurting the market for all classes. 
There is also a great difference in the method 
of sorting aud packing fruit adopted by dif- . 
ferout growers: some men put oranges of only 
one size in a case, all dean, perfect, and closely 
packed, which are readily taken at outside 
figures. Another mixes several sizes in the 
same case, poorly packed, and, though the 
fruit may be all right, it brings only a third 
or fourth class price. One muu had shipped 
21 cases, which had beeu received by bis com¬ 
mission man sound, but so loose t hat they had 
completely destroyed the papers in which they 
were wrapped, and on repacking tilled only 17 
cases. The cases cost 14 cents, freight $1.05, 
cartage five cents, making the expenses, aside 
from picking and packing, $1.24. making 
$26.04 charges on the 21 cases; but, as only 17 
cases were actually sent, tbe cost being divided 
among these, the actual expense was $1.53 per 
ease, a loss of 20 ceuts ou each ease for careless 
packing. 
The skin of an orange aud its weight are 
very sure indexes from which to judge its 
quality. Those that are heavy, with a thin, 
delicate, velvety skin, are always good aud 
juicy, while those with a thick, rough skin, 
though liked hy dealers, are always much 
coarser iu quality aud much more pulpy. 
The dealer’s prefer them because they will 
handle and keep much better than the more 
delicate, thin-skinned sorts. The “Russets” 
are no exception to this rule, for, though the 
skin may be a little dry and hard, hi the touch 
and badly discolored, yet it is very thin and 
fine-grained, but they are exceptional iu this, 
that they will keep and ship as well as the best. 
The great need of the Florida orange grow¬ 
er’s at the preseut. is organization, so as to se¬ 
cure a through lino by rail with much less de¬ 
lay and cheaper freight, thus saving three or 
four different handlings of tbe fruit, and 
three days’time in transit. A case of oranges 
weighs, on au average, 80 pounds, so that 300 
cases per car could easily be carried. The dis¬ 
tance being no greater thau from Chicago, ar¬ 
rangements should he made so that special 
orange trains, say once a week, could be run 
through on special time, and not be over three 
days from the time of leaving the groves till 
lauded in New York, and the cost should not 
exceed 50 cents per ease. When this is accom¬ 
plished we shall have much better oranges 
t han at present, because they can be allowed 
- to fully mature before being cut, aud, as they 
can be sold at lower prices, the consumption 
will be immense, and every available acre of 
orauge land in Florida will be inadequate to 
- supply the demaud. 
Of all the oranges coming to New York, 
Floridas are conceded by everybody to stand 
at the head.a nil sell for the highest prices, and 
of these, those grown along the Indian River, 
and distinctively known by that name, are 
the most in demand, and sell for from .'*0 cents 
to $1 per case higher than any others. The 
. weekly receipts are now falling off somewhat, 
but at present from 6,000 to 9,000 cases are re- 
Poultnj Ijjarir. 
EXPERIMENTS WITH EGG PRESER¬ 
VATIVES. 
Unless otherwise mentioned, the eggs used 
in these experiments were gathered from the 
College hennery every day, aud on each one 
• as marked, with lead pencil, the date ou 
