PRICE FIVE CENTS. 
*2.00 PER YEAR. 
Vol. XLIII. 
No. 1785. 
NEW YORK, APRIL 12, 1884, <££ 
[Entered according to Act of Congresa, In the year 1884, by the Rural New-Yorker In the office oarian of Congress at Washington.) 
%tc\)\itcXvixt, 
RURAL PRIZE ESSAYS.— Class VIII. 
A CHEAP BARN. 
A and B in Fig. IfTT represent a bairn 90x20 
feet, suitable tor a farmer of small means. I 
can build it here for *400. and elsewhere the 
co*t will vary from, say, *800 to W00, the out¬ 
lay depending on the price of lumber and other 
Fig. A. 
materials, and on the circumstance whether 
the farmer does the work himself, or pays for 
having it done by another. The walls are 16 
feet high to the roof in front and 12 feet at 
the back. If the farmer gets all the posts 
and framing himself out of the woods, the 
barn can be built very cheaply. Figs. 1, 2, 3, 
4, 5, 6 and 7 represent the same plan with 
modifications. Figs. 1 and 2 show the main 
building, which can be raised by a farmer of 
6 and 7 is well arrauged and very handy. The 
cow stalls are on one side, and more can be 
added without altering any part of the build¬ 
ing. I use loose, or box stalls altogether, as 
I consider them more comfortable and condu¬ 
cive to health. Of course, if a man has more 
horses than he can accommodate by tins ar¬ 
rangement, he can make two stalls out of one 
box. At the right hand in front is a stall I 
use for a sick horse, when occasion arises, ur 
for a cow when calving. Under the stair way 
is a room for tools. Corn is first thrown into 
the room above the wagon shed, where it is 
shucked and shelled, and then put away in 
bins, which open on the second floor. These 
are covered with tin wherever there is any 
danger that rats may get in. The hay and 
other fodder are cut up-stairs and thence de¬ 
scend iuto a box below. The stanchions, 
shown at Fig. 108, are self-fastening. Figure 
109 shows a section of the cow stall and parti¬ 
tion, with trench behind. 
Fulton Co., Ga. h. a. kuhne. 
-- 
MANAGEMENT OF YOUNG COLTS. 
HENRY STEWART. 
It is a well known fact in physiology that 
a young animal is very much affected in 
disposition and constitution by circumstances 
influencing the dam for some time previous to 
the birth. The nervous functions are exceed¬ 
ingly subject to this influence, and as the 
nervous system largely controls the functions 
of the body by which growth and thrift are 
produced, this fact should be known, and eare- 
fnlly considered by all breeders. This princi¬ 
ple is what breeders call heredity, and is em¬ 
bodied in the common adage "like produces 
like.” It is not to be supposed that an animal 
moderate means for *200 to *300. As his 
means increase, he can make additions, as 
shown at Fig. 8, and when he becomes flush, 
he cau add as represented at Figs. 4 and 5. 
Built iu this style, the barn will cost from *500 
to *000, all told. In all these estimates it is 
understood that the farmer does most of the 
work himself. Theplan showu at Figs. 4, 5, 
A CONVENIENT POULTRY HOUSE. 
I have seen many nice poultry houses, 
but none I like so well as the one of which a 
plan is shown in Fig. 118. Its recommenda¬ 
tions are convenience and economy. The 
uest boxes should be two nests high, fitted 
with slides, so that eggs can be removed by 
one in the room in the center. A stove cau 
also be placed in the center in cold weather. 
The loft makes a good place to spread and 
dry the droppings from the roosts. 
Wenham, Mass. H. L. e. 
will reproduce its color, form and general 
feature without at the same time giviug its 
constitution and general disposition, and thus 
it is that an unsound stalliou or mare produces 
naturally diseased colts; and a fractious, will¬ 
ful mare will have a foal like herself, especial¬ 
ly if iu the later months of her pregnancy she 
has been irritated and vexed. 
From this fact, we are led to consider the 
Fig. 6. 
Ib~< /6 
Wagon 
Shed. 
fax /o 
Stall. 
To 
5 I Stall. 
*1 
Grain 
Bins, h 
HU 
Kt 
pra? 
H iQi>!m 
9X10 
Stall. 
Cow 
1 
i-i l— 1 LU ” 
tv, 
V 
~i nr n 
1 | 
Stalls 
t c t- ■ 
U Fr 
necessity of managing a young colt even be¬ 
fore its birth. Aud the first things to be con¬ 
sidered are the health aud comfort of the 
mare. She should be fed with special care; 
UO injurious food should be given, and the 
feeding should be regular. It is not necessary 
to go into particulars; but it may be well to say 
that clean outs, and frequent mashes of brau 
and linseed, in equal parts, will uot only pro¬ 
vide the right nutriment for the dam and 
colt, but keep both in a cool, healthful and 
thrifty condition, 
A narrow stall is not suitable, nor should 
she be left to stand on a hard floor, which is 
wearisome to the limbs, and may cause the 
colt to be born weak, if it escapes fatal injury 
received fronj the sides of the stall as the 
mare lies down, or pressure from her lying 
upon a hard floor, as she lies in a cramped 
position. Therefore, it will pay to have a 
roomy box stall. 10 feet square, in which the 
mare may move about and lie down with free¬ 
dom. Keep the mare in an amiable state of 
Fig, 7. 
mind, treating her with every kindness, and 
giviug her a few small delicacies from the 
hand, as an occasional nibble of sugar, or an 
apple. In using the mare care should be 
exercised to avoid startling or frightening, 
for a diposition to shy is certainly hereditary. 
In short, just as one would have the colt to be, 
so should he keep the mare at this season. 
Idleness is not desirable; ordinary light work 
is required for exercise, and should be con¬ 
tinued to the birth of the colt. 
When a colt is dropped, care should still be 
rk 
Fig. 108. 
continued to the dam, for in many ways the colt 
may yet be benefited through her. The great¬ 
est care is now desirable to keep the mare in 
perfect health; and for two or three weeks, 
aud until lactation is fully established, entire 
rest will be useful: a mare cannot work and 
milk to the desired extent at the same time. 
Work wastes sabstauce that should go to pro¬ 
duce milk, aud milk is what the colt needs. 
The food should be snch as will produce the 
largest quant ity of the best milk. Cora, oats 
anil bran ground together, and as finely as 
possible, mixed with moistened cut-hay of the 
best quality, should be given in small quanti¬ 
ties four times a day. If the water is sweet¬ 
ened with molasses before it is sprinkled on 
the cut-hay, it will help the mare consider¬ 
ably. If the colt requires any medicine to 
overcome costiveness, or diarrhcea, it is best 
to give this to the mare, through whose milk 
the colt will get the benefit. If the milk is 
