table, with a pail under it to catcli tlie di ain- 
i n2S . Dip the shingles in the oil. and throw 
them into the barrel, packiug them as closely 
as possible; or pack them in the barrel closely 
and pour the crude oil on them; let them 
drain a little; they will soak the oil quickly 
and become like cedar or pitch pine shingles. 
Proceed in this way until all have been treat¬ 
ed. It is the only way they eau he oiled, as 
putting the oil on after they are laid, only oils 
them partially and makes them more liable to 
rot by holding the moisture in tbem'aud pre¬ 
venting them from drying. The. oil makes 
them more inflammable, but a coat of cement 
wash on the roof would remedy that, 2. Pe¬ 
troleum will not do for a kitchen floor. b>ome 
good ready-mixed paint, such as Johns asbes¬ 
tos paint, is the best for this purpose. Several 
suitable colors are made. 
IRON WATER PIPE. 
J. B Georgetown, Canada —1. How long 
would an iron water pipe last three feet under 
ground? 2. Would a three-quarter inch pipe 
convey water enough for 10 horses, 50 cows, 
and a family, from a distance of l>5 rods, and 
from one hill to another? 3. Would lead be bet¬ 
ter than gas pipe under such circumstances? 
Ans.— h This depends upon the quality of the 
water. If it contains much air and carbonic 
acid, an inch iron pipe might, entirely fill up 
with rust in a month. It is the inside rust and 
not the outside that gives trouble; the outside 
rust may be avoided by giving a coat of tar or 
laying in lime mortar. Iron pipe will not rust 
when it is not exposed to the action of air and 
water, both at once. 2. A three-quarter-inch 
pipe of the leugtli mentioned will deliver 
about 40 gallons in an hour with a head of five 
or six inches; if the hight of the spiing is 
more thau that, above tne hight. of the second 
hill, this quantity will be increased in propor¬ 
tion to the head. This ought to be a sufficient 
supply It would certainly be advisable to lay 
the lead pipe as it would he much cheaper in 
the end than any other, and a year’s use would 
pay the whole cost, no doubt. 8. For the rea¬ 
son above mentioned, iron pipe would he un¬ 
desirable. although a good connection could 
be made by tinning the end and soldering, or 
usiug a screw joint. 
TOLL EVIL. 
R. M. P. Bakersfield, Cal —What is the rem¬ 
edy for poll evil in a horse? 
Ans—T his disease is prodticed by a blow 
on the horse’s head, given either by a brutal 
driver, or by the horse suddenly lifting its 
head iu the stable and striking it against some 
beam or the lintel of a door. Or it may be 
caused by frequently straining against the 
halter rein, thus pioducing inflammation and 
irritation of the parts. Matter accumulates 
and gives great pain. The symptoms are a 
painful, soft, hot swelling on the poll, with 
fluctuations under pressure. The suppurative 
stage rims into the ulcerative, when chasms 
and sinuses appear just as in fistula of the 
withers. As treatment iu the early stage keep ; 
the patient on a light diet, aud the part con¬ 
stantly wet with cold water bandages. For an 
indolent tumor substitute a solution of vinegar 
and salt. Apply a poultice, should the tumor 
grow larger aud have a soft, fluctuating teel- 
iDg. As soon as the matter can be distinctly 
felt, let the swelling be opened at the lower 
margin, on the side on which the horse is accus¬ 
tomed to lie down, so that t.he matter can pass 
off as fast as it forms. A poultice will pro- 
more the discharge. In cases of long standing 
a seton tube passed through the tumor from 
end to end and left there may be necessary. 
PLANTING PITS AND NETS, ETC 
IF. S. IF., No Address— 1 What is the best 
ti ne to plant the following pits and nnts: 
peach, plum, black-walnut, and chestnut? . 
How should they be treated? 2. Will pits 
from canned fruit germinate? 8. Is Scorzo- 
nera a desirable variety of salsify ? 4. Does 
Laiug's Red Celery grow to the weight of 12 
pounds, as some claim, and is it a tender va¬ 
riety? 
Ans.— 1. The nuts of the blaek-walnutand 
chestnut are very sensitive and will not ger¬ 
minate if allowed to become wilted ever 
so little. The others will sprout if they 
have become quite dry; but if much dried, 
often, they will not grow till the second year. 
The best way to treat all is to place them im¬ 
mediately on gathering in the ground, cov¬ 
ering them just enough to keep them damp, or 
else to place them at once in da mp sand aud 
expose them to the frosts of Winter. Crack¬ 
ing is very liable to injure the kernel. Freez¬ 
ing helps germination only by assisting to 
open the shells. 2. Canning utterly ruins the 
germioating power of the pit. 8 Scorzonera 
is not a variety of salsify, though raised, 
cooked and served in the same way. We much 
prefer the salsify. 4. It is a strong grower, 
but we prefer the white or golden for flavor. 
To reach such a size we think it would require 
extraordinary forcing. 
PROTRUSION OF ENTRAILS IN A SOW, ETC. 
T B ., Sidney, Manitoba. —1. What should 
be the treatment of a sow whose entrails pro- 1; 
trade about two inches? 2 A mare of mine a 
can lie down aud get up all right, but when 1 
walkiug she swings from side to side and is t 
unable to work; what ails her? 1 
Ans.— 1. The protruded part may be cut off 
and the edges of the gut brought, together by 
a few separate stitches, each one tied by itself, 
and not sown over and over. The stitch should ' 
be made by passing a needle with a thread ] 
through the edge and then tying the ends with t 
a bow-knot, so that when it is requisite the i 
thread can be untied or cut and drawn out. s 
About, six stitches should be put iu around the c 
part. This is au easy and safe operation, and ' 
sometimes it results perfectly well without i 
any stitches. 2. The mare is troubled with 
weakness of the spinal cord at the loins. This 1 
is sometimes caused by disordered digestion 
aud sometimes by urinary disorder. Give a ! 
pint of linseed oil and repeat the third day. 1 
Feed bran uiash with some liuseed in it, and ' 
apply turpentiue daily to the loins, well rub¬ 
bed in along the spine. Let the mare rest a 
few days. 
WORMS IN HOGS. 
C. IF, Battle Hill, Kan .—What is a good 
remedy for worms in hogs? 
Ans.— Hogs are infested with various kinds 
of worms; and the treatment, for each is a 
trifle different. The roundworm is usually 
of the size of a small goose-quill, and six or 
seven inches long, of a brownish color, and 
somewhat corrugated. As a remedy give one- 
third of a teaspoon ful of santonin morning 
and eveniug for two or three days, following 
with a brisk catharie, such as calomel, in tea- 
spoonful doses. Two other kinds of worms 
infest the lower bowels or large intestines near 
the anus, and may frequently be seen coining 
from the animal. One is a white, slender 
worm about three inches long, and as thick as 
a knitting-needle; the other a little white 
worm shaped like a tadpole, and half or three- 
quarters of an inch long. For these give a 
tablespoonful and a half of Barbadoes aloes, 
with one tablespoon ful of copperas each morn¬ 
ing fora week. A capital treatment for swine 
troubled with worms is to mix wood-ashes or 
soap-suds with their slops and feed once a 
week. Of course doses of all medicines should 
be smaller for young pigs thau for mature 
hogs. 
AILING CALVES. 
F. E. M., Gilberts. N. F.—Calves here¬ 
abouts have swollen joints aud are quite lame 
and iu poor condition. What ails them? 
Ans —The disease is evidently const Ration¬ 
al and must lie due to a want of proper nutri- - 
tion in the cows. There is a very unusual 
and strange complication of diseases prevalent 
just now all over the country. There seem to 
be no other causes for it thau the poor condition 
of the fodder and the grain due to the early 
frost, and some unknown atmospheric effects. 
I The Fall and early Winter were exceptionally 
injurious to stock, from the great amount of 
I rain and snow and the unusual amouut of 
I cold. All these would certainly affect the 
health of the animals, aud the young in utero 
would necessarily partake of the troubles of 
their dams. The treatment in such a case as 
this would be to feed the cows well; to give 
the calves some gentle tonic, as a teaspoonfnl 
of infusiou of Peruvian bark with their milk, 
and to apply some gentle stimulant, as two 
ounces of olive oil and one ounce of ammonia 
to the swollen limbs. The trouble will] pro¬ 
bably be temporary only. Bran mashes gi veu 
to the cows more liberally than usual would 
enrich the milk iu bone material and help the 
calves. The same applies to ewes and lambs 
which suffer in the same way. 
scab in snEEP. 
* IF H. M.. Benlleyville, Pa —What is scab 
iu sheep, and how can I cure it? 
Ans.— Scab is an eruption or sore caused by 
an insect burrowing aud breeding under the 
skin, and unless cured will spread rapidly 
through the flock and cause death to every 
| sheep. We would recommend the following 
treatment: boil one pound of tobacco and \% 
gallon of water slowly till reduced to one 
gallon; when cold add one quart of crude 
petroleum, one pint of spirits of turpentine, 
and four ounces of crude raiflxflic acid. Hav¬ 
ing cut the wool carefully from the diseased 
places and two inches all around them, app y 
the mixture with a scrubbing or stiff shoe 
brush, stirring the mixture so os to got some* 
^ ; of all the ingredients on the brush, and being 
I very certain to break up all scabs and sores, 
‘ | and to brash dowu into the sores so as to have 
> the medicine reach every diseased place This 
? I treatment, may be harsh, but it will not hurt 
1 the sheep half as much as the scab insects. Of 
» course every post, and nil the fences where the 
1 sheep ran should bo whitewashed, usiug 
> ' plenty of carbolic acid in doing so. Littles 
'• ] Chemical Sheep Dip is also au excellent reiu- 
e edy for scab. 
ailing sheep. 
' s. W. Ionia, Mich —Some time ago some 
d of mv sheep appeared weak, and then entire¬ 
ly lost the use of their limbs, though their 
appetite was good until they died. They had 
been fed clover-bay all Winter with a few 
turnips, potatoes and apples. What ailed 
them? 
Ans.— The trouble probablybegan last Fall. 
The early severe frost injured the nutritious 
value of the pasture grasses, and the sheep 
began to fall away in flesh before taken from 
pasture, and should have been fed during Win¬ 
ter a grain ration of corn, oats or bran, to¬ 
gether with at least two feeds per week of 
some sort of roots. "We should advise at once 
commencing to give the flock a small ration 
of grain with their hay, and also at least two 
feeds each week of potatoes, if youliavethem. 
If not. procure some wheat bran and mix 
that with the corn, half-and half, and put with 
that, one half as much oil-meal as of either, 
and feed daily. It is much easier to help 
them before they get so weak than after they 
get unable to walk. 
RASPBERRIES in THE SOUTH. 
J. IF, Burton's Creek, Fa.—I have 1)4 
acre of rich, sandy loam deposit, that seldom 
suffers from drought, on which I have put one 
ton of bones and SO tons of manure, and I in¬ 
tend planting it to raspberries. But if reply 
to ‘‘liber” (page 224 of Rural! is correct, I 
had better burn the plants and plant the laud 
to some other crop. How is it? 
ANSWERED BY .T. T. LOVETT. 
A friend has Cutbbert, Turner and Hansell 
doing splendidly in Chesterfield, V a. All these 
sorts, and also Shaffer’s Colossal, do well at 
Augusta, Ga. Turner, though a native of Illi¬ 
nois, first became popular in the South; all the 
Black-caps do well there. Mr. P. J. BeVck- 
rnaus, at. the meeting of the American Porno- 
logical Society, while Vice-President of the 
meeting aud in the chair, stated that Cutbbert 
had, the past season, proved marvelously 
profitable in Georgia, yielding abundant crops 
that sold at per quart in New York City, 
and adding, “it is goiug not only to revolu¬ 
tionize small fruit, culture, but I believe all 
fruit, iu general iu the South.” Our friend has 
acted wisely iu using the bone so largely, for 
if there is such a thing as a specific in horti¬ 
culture, ground bone is a specific for rasp¬ 
berries. 
GRUBS ON CATTLE. 
M. C. P, Altoona, Dak .—Why are my cattle 
free fi om grubs on their backs this year? 
Ans. —These grabs are the larva 1 of the cat¬ 
tle gad fly. which lays its eggs in the backs of 
the cattle about August when the flies abound. 
It for any reason the flies are destroyed previ¬ 
ous to that, or the cattle are not exposed to 
them, of course there will be no grubs Gener¬ 
ally the grubs escape from the skin of the cattle 
in June, and fall to the ground, iuto which they 
enter to undergo their proper changes. There 
may be se veral reasons why the grabs might 
be destroyed while on the ground, Skunks, 
crows, mice, and other animals feed upon 
these insects, aud these could easily pick them 
up. Or if the pasture should be plowed, the 
grubs would be turned under too deeply to get 
out again and would perish. There must be 
some special and accidental reason why the 
cattle are free from them this Spring. Other 
farmers And an unusually large quantity of 
them and ure complainiug of their excessive 
number. They do no permanent injury any¬ 
how, and no present injury except to worry 
the animals a little. 
WATERING STOCK 
F. II, Calf Mountain, Manitoba .—Should 
fattening stock have all they can drink, and 
what is the best time for watering? 
Ans. —Seventy-five per cent, at least of the 
entirebody of all animals is water, and no nu¬ 
triment can be taken up and utilized by the 
absorbents except, in a liquid form; hence a 
full supply of water is just as essential to a 
fattening auitual as food; nor is there any 
danger of a healthy animal drinking too much 
if properly watered, and rot improperly fed. 
It is much the best to water all animals twice 
each day. morning and night; it makes uo dif¬ 
ference whether before or after eating, pro¬ 
viding it is done regularly, and every day at 
the same hour. More depends upon regularity 
in both feeding mid watering fattening stock, 
than most people think. It should be the aim 
of the feeder to give water as warm as possi¬ 
ble, up to, say, ~(ri, a :d under no prevent?ble 
circumstances should iee cold water be given, 
as it is impossible for the animals to fatten 
while warming this water. 
DEALERS IN INCUBATORS. 
A W. C, Central City. Ill —Where can I 
purchase an incubator, and at what price? 
Ans.— From E S Ren wick, 19 Park Place. 
New York City; J. Rankin, South Easton, 
Mass.; A. M. Halsted, Rye, N. Y.; G. B. 
Buyley. Box 1,771, Ban Francisco, Cal., or Box 
8 . 0110 . New York City; A. E. Starr, Almoud, 
N. Y.; Perfect Hatcher Co , Elmira, N. Y.; 
The Eclipse Incubator Co.. Box 309. Waltham, 
1 Mass., or 21 Devonshire St., Boston; Oxford 
& Bro., Cottage Grove Ave. and 45tli St., Chi¬ 
cago. Ill,; A G. Atkins, Orange, N. J. The 
prices charged by the various manufacturers 
vary and, of course, different prices are 
charged for different sizes of the same ma¬ 
chine. We do not recommend any one of 
them, and would advise our friends to send 
for circulars to all the makers before invest¬ 
ing. By comparing the claims and perfec¬ 
tions of all, a good deal of useful information 
may be obtained. Mention of the Rural 
should not be forgotten 
fenugreek 
J. K. E., Do toning ten vfi, Pa .—Has fenugreek 
been profi ably grown in this country? 
Ans. —Fenugreek belongs to a genus of legu- 
miuous herbs very similar iu habit and cha¬ 
racteristics tq the species of the genus Medi- 
cago—Medick, Lucerne or Alfalfa. The fenu¬ 
greeks are widely diffused over the south of 
Europe, West and Central Asia, and the north 
of Africa, as well as in Australia; but we do 
not know that any of them has ever been 
grown in this country except occasionally iu 
gardeus Being adapted especially to south¬ 
ern latitudes, it is hardly likely that it could 
be profitably raised as far north as Pennsyl¬ 
vania. In India the fresh plant is employed 
as an esculent, The seed is an ingredient iu 
curry powders, aud is also used for flavoring 
cattle powders and damaged hay. It has a 
strong flavor of the Tonquin Bean. It was 
formerly highly esteemed as a medicine, and 
is still in repute in veterinarian practice. 
GRAPE-VINE QUERIES. 
A C. M , Amboy, III .—1 T^hat is the best 
season to prune grftpe-vines? 2. Is any regard 
to be paid to the phases of the moon in doing 
the work? 8 At what time should the vines 
be grafted? 
Ans —1. Grape vines may be pruned at any 
time from Fall to Spring; if in Spring, the 
earlier the better, though the vines seldom 
bleed enough to do any harm; if primed after 
the buds have begun to break they will scarce¬ 
ly bleed at all, but care must then be used not 
to break off too many buds. 2. Not the least. 
3. They may now be grafted just as they begin 
to grow, the cions having beenkept dormant 
in a cool place. By takiug the stock up, and 
after it has been grafted planting it out again, 
the viue may be grafted at any time from 
Fall till it commences growth, as the disturb¬ 
ance iu transplanting will prevent any exces- 
sive flow of the sap and the drowning of cion 
wrapping nAMS, ETC. 
j. H. C., Fairfield Co,, Ohio.— 1. If hams 
are sewed up in common, unbleached muslin, 
without paint, will the flies get in? 2. Will 
the banks of carp ponds, made of rather clayey 
ground, settle in a year or two so as to hold 
water? 
Ans —1 We should think the common mus- 
1 lin would keep the flies out; but there are other 
insects against which we hardly think it an 
effectual barrier. Why not first wrap in paper 
and then sew iu the muslin, and cover that 
with two or three coats of whitewash made 
I thick? There would then be no doubt, and 
i I there is "never any danger in being safe l’’ 2. 
i I if there is n*t sufficient clay to hold at once 
■ 1 by puddling, we should doubt its holding at 
' oil; of course when it had fully settled, it 
> | would Lea'-- less? thau at first, unless carefully 
- pounded or puddled. 
r j REMEDY for green worms on cabbages, 
ETC. 
./. B. K . Mobile. Ala.— 1 How can I get au 
1 essay on Insects Injurious to Vegetation, by 
l C. A Green, aud Prof. C. V. Riley’s reports 
to the Department of Agriculture? 2. How 
3 can green worms be kept i ff cabbages? 
Ans.—1 We know of uosuch work. C. A. 
a Green is the very efficient, wide-awake editor 
i of Groeu’s Fruit Grower. Rochester, N. V. 
i For Prof Riley’s excellent reports, write 
y ! to the Congressman for your district. 2. Use 
[! Persian Insect Powder—one ceaspoonful in 
1 . two gallons of water, to be sprinkled cm the 
e cabbages; or, take one gallon of sour milk 
and four ounces of kerosene, place in an old 
jug and shake until they have united, forming 
an emulsion; then add four gallons of water, 
y | nnd sprinkle the cabbages with this mixture. 
Either will be effectual. 
killing pea-weevils. 
C. E. N., New Castle, Ind .—Will gum cam¬ 
phor placed among seed peas get rid of the 
bugs? 
Ans.— It will do no good whatever. The 
eggs are laid iu the peas when very small in 
the pods, and iu order to destroy the iusects 
something must be used sufficiently powerful 
to penetrate and kill the pests. Camphor only 
repels insects and prevents their laying eggs. 
Place the peas in au air-tight box or barrel, 
and pour in a teaspoonfnl of bisulphide of 
carbon for every bushel, and immediately nail 
or head up tight. This will kill every insect; 
but be careful, for it is both inflammable aud 
poisonous; but the use is safe with care, aud it 
will not injure the peas. 
