Vo I,. XLIII. No. 1790 
NEW YORK, MAY 17 
PRICE KIVE CENTS. 
$2.00 PER YEAR. 
[Entered according to Act of Congress. In the year 1884. by the Rural New-Yorker In the offlce of the Librarian of Congress at Washington.] 
to the tender terminal leaves, where theycom- 
inenoe pumping np and appropriating the sap, 
forming galls, and depositing eggs as their 
immediate parent had done before. This pro¬ 
cess continues daring the Summer, until the 
fifth or sixth generation. Every egg brings 
forth u fertile female, which soon becomes 
Kig. 141 shows the mother gall-louse, giv¬ 
ing both dorsal and ventral views. 
The root-inhabiting type of the grape Phyl¬ 
loxera hibernates mostly as a young larva, at¬ 
tached to the roots, and so deepened in color 
generally us to be of a dull, brassy brown, and 
therefore not easily seen, as the roots are often 
the sexual individuals, which are born for the 
reproduction of their kind, and which are un¬ 
able to fly or take food. Figure 142 shows the 
male insect. 
The female lays an egg which passes the 
Winter uuhatched, as a rule, although it may 
hatch the same season that it is laid. It is hid • 
den in crevices, under loose bark, or uuder old 
leaves on the ground. There hatches from it 
the “stem-mother,” which either goes directly 
to the roots to found a root-feeding colony, or. 
under favorable circa instances, a gall-inhabit¬ 
ing colony on the leaf. 
Figure 143 shows the abnormal swelling of 
the rootlets which follows the punctures of the 
root-louse; the little roots eventually rot, and 
the lice forsake them and betake themselves to 
fresh ones. As these decompose, the lice cn-<> 
INSECTS INJURIOUS TO THE GRAPE 
he Grape Phylloxera (Phyl¬ 
loxera vastutrix), has proba- 
jrV bly attracted more attention 
f- than any other insect pest of 
1 tx" The gali-inhabit- 
iing type of this Insect was 
noticed by grape growers 
3||C many years ago, but nothing 
of the root-in hahiting type 
was known. In 18(19 M. J. 
Lichtenstein, of Montpellier, France, first 
hazarded the opinion that the Phylloxera 
GRAPE-LEAF FOLDER. Fig. 145. 1, Larva; 2, Head aud tho 
Chrysalis; 4 aud 5, Male and Female Moths. 
wonderfully prolific. Figure 139 shows the 
egg at e, a section of the gall, enlarged, at d, 
and a swelling of a tendril at «. By the eud 
of September the galls are mostly deserted, 
and those that are left appear as if infected 
with mildew, aud eventuully turn brown aud 
of the same color. With new growth in tho 
Spring, this larva moults, rapidly increases in 
size, aud soon commences to lay eggs, which 
in due time hatch, oroduciiur vmmo- whinh 
due time hatch, producing young which jj 
soon become virginal, egg-laying mothers, like V 
tho first, and, like them, always remaining l 
Underside ok Leak Covered with Galls. 
Fig. 138. 
causing so much trouble in Europe, was iden¬ 
tical with the American Leaf-gall Louse; and 
in 1870 Prof. C. V. Riley succeeded in estab¬ 
lishing the identity of the gall insect of France 
and that of America, and also tho Identity of 
the gall and root-inhabiting types. 
We present in Fig. 138, an illustration of a 
, -y { grape-leaf, showing the 
■% .*= _ I gall or excrescence pro- 
y, l?’ ,l by the gall inhab¬ 
it >,/ 'Lug type. Inside of a 
V* gall > at Fi 8- 137 - wil1 be 
seen the mother-louse 
diligently at work, sur- 
' ^0 rounding herself with 
TypeUallicola Fig. 189. pale yellow eggs, scarce¬ 
ly the one-buudredth 
part of an inch long, and notquite half as thick. 
She is about four-hundredths of an Inch long, 
of a dull orange color, and does not look un- 
Grapk vine Flea Beetle. Fig. 148. 
gregate on the larger parts beyond, until at 
last the root-system literally wastes away. 
Only the second and third years, do tho out¬ 
ward symptoms of the disease become mani¬ 
fest, in a sickly, yellowish appearance of tlie 
leaf, and a reduced growth 
of cane, and the vino dies. 
When the vine is dying it is 
generally Impossible to dis¬ 
cover the cause of death, 
the lice having previously 
left for fresh pasturage. 
Although ii has been 
thought that some Ameri¬ 
can vines were more suscep¬ 
tible to Phylloxera than 
others, Bush & Kon & Meissner, of Bush 
borg, Mo,, the well-known vine growers, 
who have hud large . 
experience, state in 
their grape manual— 
to which we are great- 
Iy indebted for tho gist 
of these notes and the q 
copy for our illustra- 
tions—that all purely j* 
American varieties / \ j 
completely resist the \ h \\\ 
Phylloxera, and can \ft cz 
succeed in spite of the \ 
insect, provided they Male Phylloxera, ven- 
i „,i i ) <• tral View. Fig. 142. 
are placed in locations 
suitable as to soil and climate. In Europe 
Grape vine Kim a 
Fig. lie. 
decay. The young lice attach themselves to 
the roots, and thus hibernate. 
Fig. 14U shows the newly-hatched young, a, 
being the ventral and 6, the dorsal view. It 
is an important fact that the gall-inhabiting 
insect occurs only as an agamic and apterous 
wingless. Five or six generations of egg-bear- 
iug mothers follow each other, when, about 
tho middle of July, in the latitude of ,St. Louis, 
some of them begin to acquire wings, and con¬ 
tinue to issue from the ground until vine- 
growth ceases in the Fall. Issuing from the 
Newly Hatched Gall-loc.se. Fig. 140 . 
like an immature seed of the common purs¬ 
lane. The eggs begin to hatch when six or 
eight days old, into active little beings, which 
GIGANTIC ROOT BORER, 
female form. It is but a transient summer 
state, not at all essential to the perpetuation of 
the species, and the insect does, compared with 
the root-inhabiting type, but trifling damage. 
It flourishes mostly on the Riparia, more espe¬ 
cially on the Clinton and Taylor. 
Mother Gall-louse. Fig. 14 ]. 
differ from their mother in their brighter yel¬ 
low color, more perfect legs, etc. Issuing 
from the gall opening, these young lice scatter 
over the vine, most of them finding their way 
ground in the pupa state, they rise in the air 
and seek new vineyards, where they lay from 
three to five eggs, and then perish. In the 
course of a fortnight these eggs, which are de¬ 
posited in crevices on the ground near the 
base of the vine, aud upon the leaves, produce 
