THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
which have proved to he very effective, I 1 
as we showed in an editorial iu our issue of I 1 
January 12. 
The Phylloxera is indigenous to the North i 
American Continent cast of the Kooky Moun¬ 
tains. and it was first imported into Europe on f 
American vines. Here there are several local I , 
ities where, from the isolated position of the i 
vineyards, or the nature of the soil, it is difii- * 
cult to ibid the insect, and, like many other , 
indigenous species, it is in some years very , 
numerous and injurious, iu others scarcely to I i 
he seen. There is comparatively little danger , 
of its being imported from one country to an 
other on cuttings. 
Prof. V. Mayet, of the National Agricul¬ 
tural School at Montpellier, advises the fol¬ 
lowing precautions (Vignes Am. Dee. 1882: 
“1. Never keep the cuttings in the soil, in 
whatever else we may preserve them for expor¬ 
tation; clear, fine sand would be preferable. 
2. Fumigate the cuttings on arrival with sul¬ 
phur smoke, as the sulphurous acid infallibly 
kills all insects, without injuring the buds or 
vegetation: ten minutes are sufficient for that. 
A large box may serve as a receptacle.” 
This Graff. Leaf-hopper (Erytbroneura 
villa), Fig. 144, is generally but wrongly called 
Thrip. This is a most troublesome insect; it 
is very active, running sidewise like a crab, 
and dodging around to the other side when 
approached. It jumps with great vigor, and 
congregates in crowds upon the under side o i 
the leaf, pumping up the sup, thereby causing 
brown, dead spots, and often killing the leaf 
entirely. A vine budly infested with Jeaf- 
lioppers looks speckled, rusty and sickly, while 
the leaves often drop prematurely, and the 
fruit, in consequence, fails to ripen. 1 here 
are several species which attack the vine, all I 
belonging to the same genus, and only differ¬ 
ing in color. 
The nuturul history of this insect is not re¬ 
corded by entomologists, but Prof. Riley in¬ 
forms us that the eggs are thrust into the leaf 
stems, especially along the larger veins of the 
under side of the leaf. Tobacco-water and 
soap-suds, syringed upon the vines, are said to 
be good remedies. Syringing the vines with 
a mixture of one gill of kerosene, two pounds 
of whale oil soap, one pound of tobacco soap, 
and HO gallons of water, is said to destroy the 
Ureeu Fly or Thrip, and to be also a good 
remedy against the lied Spider uud Mealy 
Rug. Bush & Son <& Meissner recommend 
passing between the rows with a torch in the 
evening, smearing the stakes in the Spring 
with soft soap or other sticky substance, and 
burning tbe leaves in the Fall: thw hoppers lly 
to the light, of a torch, and as they pass the 
Winter under leaves, loose bark of stakes, etc., 
cleanliness about the vineyard is the great 
requisite to chock their ravages. The torch 
remedy is the most, effectual where three per¬ 
sons work in company, one between two rows 
with the torch, and one on the further side of 
each of the rows, to give the trellis a slight 
slut ke and disturb the hoppers. Tobacco stalks 
or waste, thrown on the ground in the viue- 
yard, effectually protects the vines. 
The Grape Leaf-folder (Desrnfa macula 
lis; is a very active worm of grass-green color, 
which wriggles, jumps and jerks either way 
at every touch. It folds rut,her than rolls the 
leaf, by fastening two portions together by its 
silken threads. The chrysalis is formed with¬ 
in the fold of the leuf. The moth is conspicu¬ 
ously marked with black and white, all the 
wings being bordered and spotted, as shown 
in Fig. 14. f ». The male is distinguished from 
the female by his elbowed antenna*, thickened 
near the middle, while those of the female are 
simple and thread-like. The moths appear 
early iu Spring, but the worms are not numer¬ 
ous until mid Summer. A good method to de¬ 
stroy tin* worms, is by suddenly crushing them 
with both hands within the leaf. The last 
brood hibernates iu the chrysalis state iu the 
fallen leaves, so the insects nmy easily be de¬ 
stroyed by burning the dead leaves in the 
Fall. 
The Grape-vine Fima (Fidia longipes), 
shown at Fig. 14b, often called the Rose-bug, 
appears during June, and by the end of July 
has usually disappeared. When numerous, it 
riddles the leaves so as to reduce them to mere 
shreds. As the pests drop from the leaf at the 
least jar, they may be easily shaken iuto a 
pan placed under them. After many have 
been caught, they may be burned or put into 
hot water. One vineyardist successfully 
taught his chickens to eat tbe beetles, and 
they devoured all that were shaken to the 
ground. 
The Gigantic Root-borer (Priouus lati- 
collis), shown at Fig. 147, follow's the roots, 
entirely severing them in many instances, so 
that the vines soon die. When fully grown, 
it leaves the roots it was inhabitiug, and 
forms a smooth, oval chamber in the earth, 
where it assumes tbe pupa form. The perfect 
insect is a large, dark brown beetle, which first 
appears towards the end of June, aud is very 
commonly found, during the summer and fall 
months, flying into lighted rooms. Little can 
be done in tbe way of extirpating these borers 
their presence being indicated only by the 
death of the vine. 
The Grape vine Flea beetle (Ualtica 
chalybea), like all Flea-beetles, has very stout, 
swollen thighs,by means of which it is enabled 
to jump about very energetically, anrl is con¬ 
sequently very difficult to capture. The color 
of the beetle varies from steel blue to metallic 
green and purple, it. hibernates in a torpid 
state under any shelter, Rich as loose bark, 
crevices of stakes, etc., and is roused to ac¬ 
tivity in the Spring, doing great damage to 
tbe unojiened buds by boring Into aud scoop¬ 
ing them out. As the leaves expand the pests 
feed upon them, and soon pair, and the fe¬ 
males deposit their small orange eggs in dus¬ 
ters on the under side of the leaf. These eggs 
soon hatch into dark-colored larva-, which 
may be found of all sixes during the latter 
part of May and the early part, of June, gen¬ 
erally upon the upper side, of the leaf, which 
they riddle, devouring all but the largest ribs. 
A dusting of lime kills the larva*, hut the 
beetle has to be caught and .killed. Fig. 148 
shows the larvae of the Flea-beetle of the nat¬ 
ural size at «: b is the enlarged larva-, f the 
cocoon, ft the enlarged beetle, 
The Grape-berry Moth (Lobesia botrana). 
first attracted attention about 15 years ago. 
About July 1 the grapes that are attacked by 
the worm begin to show a discolored spot at 
tbe point where the worm entered. Upon 
opening a gnijie, the worm will be found at 
the end of a winding channel. It continues 
to feed on the pulp of the fruit, and upon 
reaching the seeds, usually cats out the inte¬ 
rior. As soon as the grape is touched, the 
worm will wriggle out. of it, and rapidly de¬ 
scend to the ground by means of its ever- 
read y silken thread, unless care be taken to 
prevent it from so doing. 1 he cocoon b often 
formed in the leaves of the vine, in a manner 
essentially characteristic: the worm cuts out 
a clear oval flap, lea ving it hinged on one side, 
and, rolling the ’flap over, fastens it to tbe 
leaf, and there it changes to a chrysalis. Ten 
days later the chrysalis works itself out of the 
cocoon, and the little moth, shown in Fig. 
149, makes its escape. As a remedy, pick up 
all fallen berries and^ 
convert them into®3g£^^-/^ .jM, ^ - 
vinegar, as, upon 
racking off the juice 'Iy C*’**"'* 
numbers of these 
worms are found in / «. \ 
the sediment. S \ 
The Rose-chafer ' |- - 
(Maorodactylus sub- * 
spiuosus), is the true 
Rose-bug, and al- GRAPE-BERRY 
though injurious to 
many plants, it. is es¬ 
pecially hard on the grape viue some years. 
Its larva develops underground, and so is dif¬ 
ficult to deal w ith iu this stage; so about the 
only t hing to do is to contend with it in the 
beetle form, by shaking it into vessels and on 
to sheets, and then destroying it. This insect 
greatly prefers the Clinton vine and its allies 
to all others, and will gather upon it in prefer¬ 
ence to all others. Those who are troubled 
with this beetle will, no doubt, 
take the hint.. The beetle form is 
shown at Fig. 150. 
iM The Grape CtmcuLio (Caeliodes 
ina-qunlis). The larva of this eur- 
f \» culio infests the grape in June aud 
Rose-chafer* July, causing a little black hole in 
fib iv). t , 1B au( j H discoloration of 
the berry immediately around it, as seen in a . 
Fig. 151. From the middle to the last, of July 
the larva leaves the berry and buries itself in 
H\)t XHimjarib 
ROME OF THE NEW GRAPES. 
At our county fair, through tbe efforts of 
one of the directors, and by the courtesy of 
Mr. J. O. Burrow, Messrs. J. B. Moore &Co.. 
the Niagara Grape Co., Mr. T. S. Hubbard, 
and Messrs, George A. Stone <& Co , there was 
n rare opportunity of testing a number of the 
most prominent new grapes. None of them 
have borne here yet, so far as known, but most 
of them are growing, uud are making a good 
record iu vigor and hardiness. Prentiss, 
Pocldington, Lady Washington, Niagara, and 
Francis B. Hayes belong, as is well know n, to 
the class called white grapes: Secretary, Quas- 
saic, and Ricketts's No. 1. are black; and Jef¬ 
ferson is ret/. 
Pocklington is quite as large as Concord, and 
similar iu quality. Prentiss is not so large 
but more compact: it is very pleosant, with¬ 
out any foxiness. The large number who 
tested it in comparison with Pocklington, were 
pretty evenly divided in their preferences. 
Prentiss keeps well, a* evidenced by- several 
of the bunches remaining until February in 
good condition. How well Pocklington might 
have done cannot be said, [.Pocklington shells 
badly in u day or two after cutting from the 
vines, and 80 does not keep well.—E dh.] as 
none were left over. Francis B. liayes is of 
go* d size, very perfect bunch, and good flavor. 
As it is said to be very hardy, it will be a de 
cided acquisition for the North. [We doubt its 
being earlier than Concord.— Huh.] Niagara 
is splendid in both bunch and berry, and 
though not of the very highest flavor, it is 
ahead of Concord. Its tender, almost melting, 
pulp contributes materially to the enjoyment 
which persons have iu eating it, who care 
nothing for Concord. Lady Washington is 
large iu berry and very large in cluster: qual¬ 
ity very good, or best—a good keeper. It is a 
fine grower and seems perfectly hardy, the 
two and three-year-old vines showing no sign 
of being hurt by the extreme cold of January. 
Secretary and Quassaic are both very good, 
altogether in advance of the old black grapes. 
Bacchus is superior 
Grape-berry Moth. Fig. 149. 
Grape Curculio. Fig, 151. 
the ground a few* inches, and by the beginning 
of September the perfect insect issues from 
the ground, and doubtless passes the VV inter in 
the beetle state, ready to puncture the grape 
the following May or June. This curculio is 
smull and inconspicuous, being of a black color 
with a grayish tint. It is represented in c, 
Fig. 151, the hair line underneath showing the 
natural size. All infested berries should be 
collected and destroyed; the beetle may be 
jarred down upon sheets as with the Plum 
Curculio. 
There are several cut-worms which eat the 
young, tender shoots of the vine, and draw 
them into the ground below. These worms 
can easily be found and destroyed by digging 
for them under the loose clods of ground be¬ 
neath the youug vine, 
' to Clinton, its reput 
. 'BtoUSE*. e,) I>arent, and is coil - 
sidered valuable as a 
* jf w ine grape. Kick- 
etts's No. 1 is of ro- 
\T markable size; “like 
Damson plums,” as a 
* a veteran fruit, grower 
ij of Lancaster entbusi- 
B ' astically remarked, 
■ aud the quality is 
oth. Fig. 149. fine Should it do as 
well in other locali¬ 
ties as at Newburgh, aud lie productive and 
hardy, it may well bear the honored name of 
the first living pomologist, which it is under¬ 
stood the originator would like to give it 
Jefferson, iu appearance, is very much like 
a well grown bunch of Catawba, but Is fre¬ 
quently larger iu cluster. Quality fur iu ad¬ 
vance of Catawba. The good opinion of the 
R.URAL New-Yorker, expressed more than 
once concerning it, is sustained in every par¬ 
ticular. This is the third season it has been 
tested here, aud it has invariably been fault¬ 
less. The thick skiu might be objected to, if 
it was either acid or astringent; but it is 
neither, uud the long-keeping, which is one of 
the remarkable characteristics of this grape, 
and which has been verified here two seasons, 
is due to the protecting tenacity of its skiu as 
well as to its high quality, in addition to all, 
the vine is vigorous and hardy, and from all 
reports is doing well in different sections of 
the country. 
If from any cause it should be necessary to 
make choice, most persons w ould select Jeffer¬ 
son and Lady Washington. Fortunately, 
many can have all, and a larger list besides, 
and be all the happier for having so much 
variety. R< J* black. 
Fairfield County, Ohio. 
GRAPES IN MISSOURI. 
Among the grapes 1 have very few new 
varieties that are worthy of cultivation. 
There is no black grape of the pure Labrusca 
species that is superior to the Concord, except 
those of Mr. Burr. 
Early Victor has proved all that was 
claimed for it, and is no doubt the best early 
hardy grape introduced. 
Burr 8 Early, however, which I have had 
growing by its side, is about a week earlier 
and much superior. In size of bunch aud 
berry it is very nearly identical, but very 
different in growth and foliage. It has pro¬ 
duced the past season the heaviest crop of any 
grape on my grounds. It is hardy and healthy, 
and a most valuable early grape. 
General Pope, also by Mr, Burr, is the 
l>est late grape that 1 am acquainted with, 
being not only perfectly hardy and healthy, 
but a very strong grower, productive and 
excellent. The bunch and berries are not 
quite as large as the Concord, but it is a pure 
grape without any foxiness; of the yEstivalis 
class. 
Burr’s No. 9 is without a rival among red 
grapes. It is of the vEstivnlis class, as large 
as the Catawba, of the color Of the Delaware 
and superior to either. It is not only healthy 
and hardy, but it is the nearest to perfection of . 
any grape that 1 have seen. This l consider 
the most valuable grape yet produced, except 
perhaps his Nos. 10 and 11. which appear to 
l>e close competitors, of the same size, color 
and general appearance. 
Lady Washington has a large bunch, and 
is tine in appearance, of fair quality; but it 
is too tender and subject to the rot, to be of 
auy value here. 
DuCHEHH has a long, line bunch of fine 
quality, but it is too tender, and rots so badly 
that it is worthless. 
Prentiss is a fine grape, but I fear, from 
what i have seen, that it is not sufficiently 
hardy. 
Veroennks has far surpassed my expecta¬ 
tions. It has a large berry of fine quality, 
with a bunch of medium size. The vine is a 
very strong grower, hardy and productive, 
[it will be observed by Rural readers that 
good reports of this grape come from all sec¬ 
tions.— Eds.]. 
Jefferson has also proved much better 
than I expected, and If it continues to do as 
w T ell as it hus commenced, it will prove a 
valuable grape. It Is of large size, of excel¬ 
lent quality, and the vine appears healthy. 
It is much the best of Mr. Ricketts’# seedlings 
that I have seen. 
Pocklington lias not come up to what 1 
hail expected iu auy respect. It certainly is 
not a grape of high quality. It may, how¬ 
ever. improve in size and appearance by age. 
The White Imperial, so far us I have been 
aide to judge, is the best, white grape that I 
have seen. It, is a strong, short-jointed grow¬ 
er, is hardier than the Concord and appears 
perfectly healthy. The bunch is large; the 
berry medium and of the finest quality with¬ 
out a trace of foxiness; valuable. I have not 
yet found a hybrid that. I can recommend. 
The Triumph, so for, has proved the best, 
but it requires Winter protection. 
Peter Wiley appears also good, but it is 
too small. It is, however, a strong grower 
and producer and with protection may suc¬ 
ceed, J. 8TAYMAN. 
CELERY CULTURE FOR FARMERS. 
No vegetable is more healthy or more rapid¬ 
ly coming into general use than celery; nor is 
there any about the raising of which the peo¬ 
ple know so little, or that can be grow'u iu 
equal quantity with less labor. 
As this is the proper season to prepare for 
next Winter’s supply, a few plain directions 
will enable every farmer to cheaply grow 
abundance for his family use, A supply of 
plants is the first thing to be looked after, and 
to secure these, make a bed now four by six 
feet in some place rich aud mellow; this will 
give plants for a large lumily. Commencing 
three inches from one end, mark for rows six 
inches apart and u scant half inch deep. It 
is much less work to keep the plants properly 
clear of weeds when in rows. Sow the seeds 
(Boston Market is good) quite thickly, and 
cover very slightly, and press the earth firmly 
over the seed. This can be done by laying a 
board on the row, aud standing on it. 
If tbe weather is dry, give the bed a good 
soaking, using a rather fine rose, so as not to 
wash the surface; after the pluuta are up, they 
should be kept clear of weeds and thinned to 
about half au inch apart, but the rows may 
be left several plants wide. Should the plants 
at any time get so large that tbe tops should 
meet across the rows, thus causing them to 
grow spindling and slender, the tops should 
be cut entirely off an inch or so above the 
surface, aud this should be repeated as often 
as necessary to prevent over-crowding, and 
also when ready to transplant, they should be 
cut about two inches from the surface. What 
is wanted up to this time, is a good develop¬ 
ment of root, and wo should care nothing 
about anything else. 
Prepare the ground by manuring heavily 
with rich manure, and if prepared soon, fresh 
manure is as good as any; plow the ground 
deeply aud well, being sure that all manure is 
well covered; repeat the plowingoucea mouth. 
From the middle of July to August first, plow 
the ground into beds about five feet apart, 
making the dead furrows as deep as possible. 
Into these scatter a liberal supply of well 
rotted manure, working it well into the bot¬ 
tom with a one-horse plow’, leaving the bot- 
1 tom as smooth as possible; if you want extra 
